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Ajouter le résultat dans votre panierBring back the steel ? The growth of plastics in automotive applications / Rose Ann Ryntz in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 3, N° 1 (01/2006)
Titre : Bring back the steel ? The growth of plastics in automotive applications Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rose Ann Ryntz, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p. 3-14 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Tags : 'Flow agents' 'Dynamic mechanical properties' Fluorescence Hardness 'Scratch resistance' 'UV spectroscopy' Photodegradation Polyacrylics Isocyanates 'Melamine-formaldehyde resins' Photostabilizers Polyurethanes Solventborne 'UV, EB radiation cure' Waterborne 'Service life prediction' Weatherability Automotive-OEM High-solids Latex PARP Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : The development of plastics has evolved from the use of natural materials to the use of chemically modified natural materials and, finally, to completely man-made molecules. Plastics continue to improve, to afford flexibility, high-impact, and strength. In automotive applications, plastics have increased in utilization to comprise approximately 10% of the total vehicle weight. They offer increased ductility, freedom from corrosion, and increased styling capability. Although plastics have had a remarkable impact on our culture, it is obvious that there is a price to be paid for their use. Plastics are almost too good, as they are durable when processed correctly, but easily damaged when utilized in the incorrect application. Plastics also degrade very slowly, making recycling mandatory. And finally, while plastics consume only 4% of the world's oil production (petroleum is the raw material that is chemically altered to form commercial plastics), their cost hinges on the cost of petroleum. As petroleum prices increase, so too will the cost of plastic. In 2004, the higher price of plastic forced many plastic manufacturers out of business, and forced many automotive suppliers to look into alternative replacements. With publications such as USA Today reporting that current oil reserves will only last 40 years, scientists continue to seek cheaper alternatives to plastic. This article summarizes the history of commercial plastic development, with a focus on utilization of the materials in automotive applications. Damage criteria of plastic components, namely scratch, oxidative degradation, and impact, are discussed in relation to coatings and processing robustness. Environmental regulations, particularly in relation to recycling mandates, are explained. And finally, trends in alternative material development, including bioplastics, films, ceramic coatings, and nano-composites, are formulated. DOI : 10.1007/s11998-006-0002-9 En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11998-006-0002-9.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3708
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Titre : Assessment of various analytical techniques on naturally weathered paints as a predictor of long-term gloss retention for waterborne acrylic architectural paints Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Matthew S. Gebhard, Auteur ; Michael B. Clark, Auteur ; Kenneth. F. Willey, Auteur ; Robert F. Antrim, Auteur ; Francis V. Acholla, Auteur ; John B. Newman, Auteur ; Kristin Weidemaier, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p. 15-27 Note générale : bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Colloides
Durée de vie (Ingénierie)
Essais accélérés (technologie)
Formulation (Génie chimique)
Latex
Polyacryliques
Revêtements -- Analyse:Peinture -- Analyse
Revêtements décoratifs:Peinture décorative
Revêtements en bâtiment -- Détérioration:Peinture en bâtiment -- Détérioration
Revêtements en phase aqueuse:Peinture en phase aqueuse
Revêtements organiquesIndex. décimale : 667.6 Peintures Résumé : Gloss retention of waterborne acrylic architectural paints is one of many properties defining exterior durability. Assessing gloss retention is a time consuming process, and accelerated weathering protocols (Weather-Ometer®) typically have poor correlation with natural exposures for this class of paints. The recent development of new analytical techniques for assessing automotive paint durability raises the possibility of detecting subtle changes in short-term natural exposures that would be predictive of long-term gloss retention; however, extension to architectural paints has yet to be demonstrated. To test the concept, seven paints based on different aqueous emulsion polymers were exposed to natural weathering at the same time for 12 weeks at the Paint Quality Institute (PQI) test site, and were then examined using scanning probe microscopy, optical profilometry, chemiluminescence, XPS, and FTIR. These paints were also exposed for 1000 hr in a Weather-Ometer (WOM). Scanning probe microscopy, optical profilometry, chemiluminescence, FTIR, and the WOM results all showed poor correlation with 96-week natural exposure at the PQI test site. The lack of correlation for the WOM results emphasizes the crucial importance of using natural weathering to assess gloss retention. In contrast, the XPS shows some promise for qualitatively predicting subsequent gloss loss and appears worthy of further exploration. As employed here, the XPS was used to monitor the ratio of pigment (Al, Si, and Ti) to carbon coming from the TiO2 in the top few nanometers of the paint surface. A correlation (R2 = 0.731) was found between gloss retention after 96 weeks and the change (2 versus 12 weeks of exposure) in pigment to carbon ratio. This correlation is probably sufficient to rank a series of paints and allow for an assessment against well-established controls. While promising, XPS has some issues. Surface contamination, equipment expense, the considerable expertise required, and precision make utility for screening less than ideal. Note de contenu : - GLOSS RETENTION
- ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO PREDICTING GLOSS RETENTION
- APPROPRIATE ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR ASSESSING COATING DEGRADATION : Scanning probe microscopy - Optical profilometry - Chemiluminescence - Photoacoustic spectroscopy - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- ASSESSMENT PROTOCOL
- EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS : Paint formulations
- Gloss measurements - Scanning probe microscopy - Optical profilometry - Chemiluminescence - Photoacoustic spectra - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Gloss - Weather-ometer - Surface topography - Chemiluminescence - PAS - XPS
- Table 1 : Paint formulatio used to prepara paints using the seven emulsion polymers
- Table 2 : Initial 60° gloss values for the paints based on the seven latex emulsion polymers
- Table 3 : PAS-FTIR parametersPermalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3709
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Titre : Relating gloss loss to topographical features of a PVDF coating Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jenny Faucheu, Auteur ; Kurt A. Wood, Auteur ; Li-Piin Sung, Auteur ; Jonathan W. Martin, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p. 29-39 Note générale : bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Tags : Amérique du Nord Etats Unis Propriété chimique surface esthétique Etude expérimentale Diffusion lumière Faisceau laser Microscopie confocale Méthode analyse Relation structure propriété Floride Vieillissement produit Résistance intempérie Durabilité Polymère fluor Dégradation photochimique Rugosité Topographie Matériau revêtement Vinylidène fluorure polymère Brillant Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : Semi-gloss commercial poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) coatings typically have 60° gloss values between 20 and 50. Gloss is affected by PVDF crystallite structures and by the pigmentation. In this article, we have demonstrated that for some pigmented PVDF coatings, after 10 years of Florida exposure, the principal proximal cause of gloss changes is the formation of micron-scale pits, rather than the emergence of pigment particles at the coating surface. We have used laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and light scattering to characterize the surface topography and near-surface structure of weathered and unweathered PVDF coatings. Florida-weathered PVDF coatings show only a modest increase in the root mean square (RMS) roughness of the surface, even when noticeable gloss loss has occurred. Changes in gloss can be correlated with surface roughness and other topographical features, including the formation of pits and the emergence of pigments. DOI : 10.1007/s11998-006-0003-8 En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11998-006-0003-8.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3710
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Titre : Mechanical property changes and degradation during accelerated weathering of polyester-urethane coatings Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : allen Skaja, Auteur ; Dilhan Fernando, Auteur ; Stuart G. Croll, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p. 41-51 Note générale : bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Tags : Vieillissement physique Propriété mécanique chimique Structure moléculaire Etude expérimentale Durabilité Uréthanne polymère produit Résistance intempérie Dégradation photochimique Mécanisme réaction Relaxation structurale Densité réticulation Matériau revêtement Esteruréthanne accéléré Temps exposition Module élasticité Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : Chemical changes, measured using spectroscopy, and crosslink density, measured by mechanical thermal analysis, were determined during accelerated weathering on a model polyester-urethane coating of known composition. The tensile modulus, measured above the glass transition temperature, and thus the crosslink density, decreased with exposure, as expected from the chemical changes. However, the tensile modulus, measured at room temperature, increased with exposure. Physical aging of the polymer network was found to occur concurrently with photodegradation and accounts for much of the increase in room temperature modulus. Increased hydrogen bonding in the increasingly oxidized polyester-urethane may also contribute to the increase in modulus at room temperature. Both physical and chemical changes must be determined if changes, and rates of change, in performance due to weathering are to be understood. DOI : 10.1007/s11998-006-0004-7 En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11998-006-0004-7.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3711
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Titre : Preparation of modified polyesters containing triphosphorous and their applications to PU flame-retardant coatings Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Hong-Soo Park, Auteur ; Hyuk-Jae You, Auteur ; Hye-Jin Jo, Auteur ; Il-Woo Shim, Auteur ; Hyun-Sik Hahm, Auteur ; Seong-Kil Kim, Auteur ; Young-Geun Kim, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p. 53-60 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Tags : Esteruréthanne copolymère Propriété thermique Copolymère organométalloïdique Uréthanne chimique Additif Etude expérimentale Stabilité Inflammabilité Relation mise en oeuvre propriété Polyaddition Polycondensation Matériau revêtement Retardateur flamme Phosphate Préparation Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : Three phosphorous functional groups were introduced in one structural unit of polymer backbone to enhance the flame retardancy of PU coatings. In the first step, we synthesized tetramethylene bis(orthophosphate) (TBOP) that contained two phosphorus functional groups in one structural unit. In the next step, we synthesized modified polyesters (ATBTP-10, -20, -30) that contained triphosphorous groups by condensing polymerization of TBOP, 1,4-butanediol, trimethylolpropane, adipic acid, and phenylphosphonic acid (PPA). The amount ofPPA in the ATBTPs was 10, 20, and 30 wt %. Then, flame-retardant PU coatings (AHFC-10, -20, -30) were prepared by curing ATBTPs with hexamethylene diisocyanate-biuret (curing agent) at room temperature. From the TGA analysis of diphosphorus-modified polyester (ATBT) and ATBTPs, the residues of ATBT, ATBTP-10, ATBTP-20, and ATBTP-30 were 24.6, 27.5, 29.2, and 31.9 %, respectively. From this result, it was found that the residue increased in relation to the amount of PPA. Physical properties of the films of flame-retardant coatings were deteriorated with the addition of PPA (flame retarding component), however, all the films of flame-retardant coatings, except AHFC-30, met the required physical properties standard for coatings. Char lengths of the AHFCs measured by the 45° Meckel burner method were 2.9 ~ 4.8 cm, and LOI values were 28 ~ 31 %, which indicates that the prepared AHFCs showed good flame retardancy. DOI : 10.1007/s11998-006-0005-6 En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11998-006-0005-6.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3720
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Titre : Optimization of UV curable acrylated polyester-polyuréthane/polysiloxane ceramer coatings using a response surface methodology Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ahmet Nebioglu, Auteur ; Mark D. Soucek, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p. 61-68 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Tags : Photochemistry organosilane UV EB radiation cure adhesion design of experiments statistical isocyanate aluminum Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : Dual UV and moisture curable acrylated polyester, organic/inorganic hybrid coatings were prepared using a coupling agent and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) oligomers. An acrylated polyester resin based on adipic acid, neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, and acrylic acid was synthesized. TEOS oligomers were prepared through the hydrolysis and condensation of TEOS with water and 3-(triethoxysilyl)propylisocyanate (TEOSPI) was used as the coupling agent between organic and inorganic phases. Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) was used as a reactive diluent. The formulations were cured into films by utilizing UV, followed by moisture curing. The resultant coatings were evaluated in terms of tensile and fracture toughness properties by using ANOVA. Effects of the TEOS oligomers, TEOSPI, and TMPTA on the free radical UV polymerization kinetics were also investigated. The experiments were planned according to the three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design. Reaction kinetics, fracture toughness, and tensile properties were evaluated in terms of the concentrations of TEOS oligomers, TEOSPI, and TMPTA concentrations. DOI : 10.1007/s11998-006-0006-5 En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11998-006-0006-5.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3721
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Titre : Zosteric acid-an effective antifoulant for reducing fresh water bacterial attachment on coatings Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Bi-min Zhang Newby, Auteur ; Teresa Cutright, Auteur ; Carlos A. Barrios, Auteur ; Qingwei Xu, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p. 69-76 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Tags : Bactérie Pseudomonadales Pseudomonadaceae Zostérique acide Etude expérimentale Pseudomonas putida Adhérence Evaluation performance Cinnamique dérivé Sulfate organique Antibactérien Additif Siloxane polymère Protection antisalissure Biofilm Bioencrassement Matériau revêtement Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : Zosteric acid, a natural product present in eelgrass, has been found to prevent the attachment of some bacteria and barnacles. The results indicate that it may also be effective at reducing the early stages of biofouling, such as the attachment of bacteria that lead to a biofilm. In this study, the ability of zosteric acid in reducing the early stages of fouling was evaluated using attachment studies of fresh water bacteria via two approaches. First, plain coatings were submersed in water containing zosteric acid and either enriched Lake Erie bacteria or Pseudomonas putida, a model fresh water bacteria. It was found that zosteric acid with a concentration one-tenth of its EC50 (the concentration eliminates 50 % of the bacteria) was able to reduce bacterial attachment by more than 90 %. The second approach incorporated zosteric acid into silicone coatings in the presence of a common solvent to achieve the slow release of zosteric acid ; such coatings were then subjected to the bacterial attachment. A -75 % reduction in bacterial attachment was found for 1 wt % zosteric acid entrapped Sylgard® 184, a model silicone coating, but the reduction only achieved ~55% for 1 wt % zosteric acid entrapped in a commercial silicone coating, RTV11. DOI : 10.1007/s11998-006-0007-4 En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11998-006-0007-4.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3722
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Titre : Innovative, gemini-type molecular defoamer technology for improved coating aesthetics Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ernie C. Galgoci, Auteur ; Steven Y. Chan, Auteur ; Khalil Yacoub, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p. 77-85 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Tags : Agent surface gemini Etude expérimentale Relation formulation propriété Démoussage Evaluation performance Diol Composé acétylénique non ionique Antimoussant Additif Peinture eau Matériau revêtement Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : The use of conventional surfactants and defoamers in waterbome coatings can often create an undesirable cycle, whereby each imparts a negative effect that requires the other to solve. Molecular defoamers represent a novelclass of defoamers that break foam on a molecular level, which is unlike conventional defoamers that utilize macroscopic physical incompatibility within a coating formulation. This is accomplished by the ability of the molecular defoamer to adsorb at the air-water interface of a foam bubble and, thereby, displace some of the surfactants that stabilize the foam. Based on a fundamental understanding of the effects of basic adsorption parameters, innovative nonsilicone molecular defoamers were developed that provide long-term foam control, effectively reduce both surface tension and foam in a variety of emulsion polymers, and decrease significantly the level of defects in waterbome coating applications. A synergistic performance benefit was obtained when these molecular defoamers were used in combination in an acrylic, industrial maintenance formulation. DOI : 10.1007/s11998-006-0008-3 En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11998-006-0008-3.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3723
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Titre : Epoxidized poly(decenyloxazoline) in thermoset coatings Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : David L. Trumbo, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p. 87-88 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Epoxydation
Formulation (Génie chimique)
Polydecenyloxazoline
Revêtements organiques
ThermodurcissablesIndex. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : The side chain double bonds of poly(decenyloxazoline) were epoxidized using standard techniques. The epoxidation was facile and a high percentage of the double bonds were converted to oxirane groups. Films of the epoxidized resin were cured at an elevated temperature with either diamine or anhydride crosslinking agents. Both types of crosslinking agents yielded cured films with good solvent resistance, high hardness, and high gloss. The films cured with the anhydride crosslinkers and the higher molecular weight diamine had better properties than the films cured with the low molecular weight diamine. This could be because some of the low molecular weight diamine was lost due to evaporation during the cure cycle, which would result in lower crosslink density. Note de contenu : - Epoxidation of the polymer side chain
- Coating formulations
- Table 1 : Amine cured films
- Table 2 : Anhydride cured filmsDOI : 10.1007/s11998-006-0009-2 En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11998-006-0009-2.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=32467
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