Effect of specific additives on the degree of sulfonation and its influence on leather fatliquoring / R. Janardhanan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVII, N° 9 (09/2012)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CVII, N° 9 (09/2012) . - p. 279-285 Titre : Effect of specific additives on the degree of sulfonation and its influence on leather fatliquoring Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : R. Janardhanan, Auteur ; V. Vijayabaskar, Auteur ; B. S. R. Reddy, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p. 279-285 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Additifs Catalyse par transfert de phase Cuirs et peaux Emulsifiants Mouillage (chimie des surfaces) Potentiel zeta Produits de nourriture du cuir Sulfonation Sulfosuccinates Surfactants Tension superficielle Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Sulfosuccinate type anionic surfactants are classical ingredients for industrial applications. They are of great interest because of their excellent surfactant properties. Fatliquors prepared from sulfosuccinates have been effectively utilized in the leather industry, where the degree of sulfonation of the surfactant plays a crucial role in deciding performance. This paper reports on the study of factors such as the addition of phase transfer catalyst, non-ionic wetting emulsifier and co-solvent on the degree of sulfonation. Emusification power, zeta potential, surface tension and particle size were measured. Reaction conditions were optimized, based on the results. Fatliquors were prepared using different sulfosuccinates and applied on leather. The properties of resultant leathers were studied qualitatively and quantitatively, and SEM studies were carried out for the treated leathers. This work provides a basis for the development of better fatliquoring agents. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Materials - Control batch - Experiment 1 (E1 - Addition 5% phase transfer catalyst) - Experiment 2 (E2 - Addition 5% non-ionic emulsifier) - Experiment 3 (E3 - Addition 5% co-solvent) - Application on leather - Characterisation methods - PROPERTIES OF RESULTANT LEATHER - SEM STUDIES - DISCUSSION : Sulfonate content of the surfactants - Effect of co-solvent - Effect of emulsifier - Effect of phase transfer catalyst - Properties of sulfosuccinates - Properties of resultant leathers En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1fV7HN44YCVqzM67LrDl2HHYBnbANX-r3/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=16058 [article]

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Electron beam processing of rubbers and their composites / A. M. Shanmugharaj in INTERNATIONAL POLYMER PROCESSING, Vol. 37, N° 5 (2022)  

[article]  inINTERNATIONAL POLYMER PROCESSING > Vol. 37, N° 5 (2022) . - p. 471-504 Titre : Electron beam processing of rubbers and their composites Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : A. M. Shanmugharaj, Auteur ; V. Vijayabaskar, Auteur ; Anil K. Bhowmick, Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : p. 471-504 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Charges (matériaux) Composites Elastomères Faisceaux électroniques Formulation (Génie chimique) Matières plastiques dans les trains Réticulation (polymérisation) Silice La silice est la forme naturelle du dioxyde de silicium (SiO2) qui entre dans la composition de nombreux minéraux. La silice existe à l'état libre sous différentes formes cristallines ou amorphes et à l'état combiné dans les silicates, les groupes SiO2 étant alors liés à d'autres atomes (Al : Aluminium, Fe : Fer, Mg : Magnésium, Ca : Calcium, Na : Sodium, K : Potassium...). Les silicates sont les constituants principaux du manteau et de l'écorce terrestre. La silice libre est également très abondante dans la nature, sous forme de quartz, de calcédoine et de terre de diatomée. La silice représente 60,6 % de la masse de la croûte terrestre continentale. Index. décimale : 668.4 Plastiques, vinyles Résumé : Electron beam (EB) processing of pristine and filled polymeric materials is considered as one of the most viable techniques in the development of three-dimensional (3D) network structures of polymeric or composite systems with improved physical and chemical properties. The grafting, or the crosslinking process induced by the merging of the macro free radicals generated during the electron beam modification without the aid of any chemical agent or heat, is responsible for the formation of the 3D networks in polymeric systems. Owing to its distinct advantages such as fast, clean and precise, electron beam (EB) radiation technology takes up a vital role in the crosslinking of polymeric compounds. However, during the course of electron beam treatment of polymers, two processes viz., crosslinking and chain scission take place simultaneously, depending on the level of radiation dose used for the processing. The present paper reviews the role of irradiation dose in the presence and absence of radiation sensitizer on the crosslinking and structure formation in a wide variety of soft matrices such as elastomers, latexes, thermoplastic elastomers and their respective filled systems. Notable improvements in mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties, thermal stability, processing characteristics, etc., of the EB processed elastomers and their composites are discussed elaborately in the paper. Specially, the property improvements observed in the EB processed pristine and filled rubbers in comparison to the conventional crosslinking technology are critically reviewed. The level of radiation dose inducing crosslinking in both pristine and filled rubbers, determined by calculating crosslink to scission ratio on the basis of Charlesby–Pinner equation is also discussed in the paper. Finally, the application aspects of electron beam curing technology with special emphasis to cable and sealing industries as developed by one of the authors are highlighted in the paper. Note de contenu : - Radiation sources and characteristics : Types of radiation sources - Fundamentals of electron beam (EB) radiation - Advantages of electron beam (EB) radiation - Parameters/units used in EB radiation induced treatment of materials - Electron beam equipment - Electron beam modification of rubber : EPDM rubber - Fluorocarbon elastomers - Nitrile rubber - Mixed crosslinking of nitrile rubber with reference to EB radiation - Effects of EB radiation of nitrile rubber at higher temperature - Electron beam modification of latex - Electron beam modification of plastics and thermoplastic elastomers - Electron beam modification of fillers : Electron beam modification of carbon–silica dual phase fillers - Electron beam treatment of silica fillers - Electron beam modification of clay fillers - Electron beam treatment of carbon nanofillers - Electron beam treatment of filled rubbers and nanocomposites - Electron beam modification of polymer surfaces - Electron beam processing of foams - Applications : Preparation and properties of rubber cable compounds - Preparation and properties of rubber seals - Precuring of tire - Other applications - Table 1 : Frequency wavelength and Energy of various radiation sources - Table 2 : Comparison of electron beam and gamma rays. - Table 3 : Mechanical properties and crosslink densities of compound M1.5/0.5/0–300/0 and M0.5/1.5/0–300/0 irradiated at different doses* (reproduced from Vijayabaskar et al. (2004) with the kind permission of ACS Rubber Division) - Table 4 : Comparison of Nitrile rubber with different polyfunctional monomers irradiated with different doses at R.T. and 150 °C - Table 5 : Different types of NR gels and their influence on the properties of NR matrix - Table 6 : Formulation of an EPDM based cable compound - Table 7 : Properties of the EPDM cable compound - Table 8 : Cable composition for diesel locomotives. - Table 9 : Properties of the cable compound for diesel locomotive - Table 10 : Comparative report of EB versus chemically crosslinked elastomeric cables - Table 11 : Comparison of properties of conventional and radiation curable sealing compounds based on NBR DOI : https://doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2021-4211 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1psy85_ODMfXnMoy5SuvG-DUnoDkvMkan/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=38325 [article]

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Molecular Modelling / V. Vijayabaskar in PAINTINDIA, Vol. LI, N° 3 (03/2001)

[article]  inPAINTINDIA > Vol. LI, N° 3 (03/2001) . - p. 39-46 Titre : Molecular Modelling : A tool for polymer synthesis in coating industry Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : V. Vijayabaskar, Auteur Année de publication : 2001 Article en page(s) : p. 39-46 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Molécules -- Modèles Polycondensation Polymères Relations structure-propriétés Revêtements organiques Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : New product development in minimum time and cost is a need of the day. To a significant extent this objective is fulfilled by molecular modelling techniques. It involves a lot of scientific computations and assumptions; however, with the availability of suitable software and hardware, molecular modelling has become very user friendly. It helps in predicting the outcome of any experiment without actually doing it by selecting the proper model. Considering the above benefits, this state of the art technique is getting rapidly established all over the world. Considering the enormous potential of this discipline, an attempt is made to review the information available on application of molecular modelling in polymer chemistry in the areas of structure property relationship, conformation information, kinetic modelling for condensation polymerisation, modelling of molecular weight distribution and compositional heterogeneity in free radical polymerisation. Note de contenu : - Structure property relationship of polyester weatherability using FMOC - Effect of enzyme and alkaline catalyst on conformation of alkyd - Kinetic modelling for condensation polymerisation - Modelling of molecular weight distribution for amino resin - Compositional heterogeneity in free radical polymerisation : - Statistical or instantaneous heterogeneity - Multistate heterogeneity - Perturbed model and process heterogeneity Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=12556 [article]

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Performance of sulfonated dimeric malenised soya fatty acid as a leather fatliquor / R. Janardhanan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVII, N° 4 (04/2012)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CVII, N° 4 (04/2012) . - p. 128-136 Titre : Performance of sulfonated dimeric malenised soya fatty acid as a leather fatliquor Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : R. Janardhanan, Auteur ; V. Vijayabaskar, Auteur ; B. S. R. Reddy, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p. 128-136 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Acides gras Cuirs et peaux -- Conservation Dimères Energie de surface Huile de soja Potentiel zeta Sulfoniques, Acides Surfactants Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : A change of molecular structure improves the surface active efficiency of new generation gemini surfactants. As a result, it was confirmed that the dosage could be reduced considerably in industrial applications as performance chemicals, leading to economically quantifiable benefits. The performance of newly synthesized gemini surfactant based sulfonated dimeric malenised soya fatty acid bridged with butane diol was evaluated as a leather fatliquor. The chemical parameters of the fatliquors were analysed and tested on leather. The properties imparted by the fatliquor to leather were studied qualitatively and quantitatively. SEM studies of the treated leathers revealed better penetration of the gemini surfactant based fatliquor compared to the control. Results were correlated in terms of emulsification power, zeta potential and particle size of the surfactants, found to be better than the conventional surfactant. The surface energy was calculated for the fatliquors and found to be equal. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Formulation of fatliquors - Synthesis of sulphonated gemini surfactants - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Chemical analyses of FL R, FL 1 and FL 2 fatliquors - Leather properties - TABLE I : Leather fatliquor process - Zeta potential - Surface energy - Particle size - TABLE II : Organoleptic properties of FL 1/FLR and FL 2/FLR - TABLE III : Physical testing results of FL 1/FLR and FL 2/FLR - TABLE IV : Emulsification power of surfactants En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Ob8iE3Nbow8V7itSIGGo6-CwBWMiqkjs/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=14687 [article]

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Preparation of a new itaconate based amphoteric surfactant for fatliquor applications / R. Janardhanan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVII, N° 7 (07/2012)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CVII, N° 7 (07/2012) . - p. 231-242 Titre : Preparation of a new itaconate based amphoteric surfactant for fatliquor applications Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : R. Janardhanan, Auteur ; V. Vijayabaskar, Auteur ; B. S. R. Reddy, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p. 231-242 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Produits de nourriture du cuir Surfactants Wet-blue (tannage) Peau tannée au chrome (le chrome donne une couleur bleue) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Amphoteric surfactant based fatliquors are outstanding performers in the leather industry because of their excellent surfactant properties, low toxicity, good biodegradability, excellent resistance to hard water, antistatic properties, good emulsification, dispersion and compatibility with other agents. This paper reports on the preparation of a new amphoteric surfactant, diethylamino-lauryl itaconate (DEALI) through the synthesis of lauryl itaconate (LI) based anionic polymerisable surfactant (“Surfmer”). DEALI and LI were characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra. Properties of both DEALI and LI such as surface tension at different concentrations, critical micelle concentration, contact angle, surface energy, emulsification power, zeta potential and particle sizes were measured. The Isoelectric Point (IEP) of DEALI was determined. The amphoteric surfactant (DEALI) and the anionic surfactant (LI) were formulated as fatliquors and applied on wet blue cow leather, against each other. Fatliquor imparted properties on the leather were measured qualitatively and quantitatively. Scanning Electron Microscopic studies of the resultant leather was carried out and found to have better performance due to deeper penetration of the amphoteric surfactant. This work provides a lead for the development of new and better fatliquoring agents. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials - Experimental methods - Characterization methods - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Analytical characterization of surfactants - FTIR characterization - H NMR characterization - Surfactants properties - Analytical characterization of fatliquors - Resultant leather properties En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mabHNvYRigD57XdwwziOvbimjetqqoN2/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=15643 [article]

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Process cycle time reduction of high solids alkyd using Taguchi statistical technique / G. S. Desai in PAINTINDIA, Vol. LI, N° 6 (06/2001)

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