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TENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS / Deutscher Ausschuss für Grenzflächenaktive Stoffe im Verband der Chemischen Industrie e.V . Vol. 37, N° 5/2000Mention de date : 09-10/2000Paru le : 01/09/2000 |
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Ajouter le résultat dans votre panierERASM : Joint industry research programmes for the environmental risk assessment of surfactants / J. Steber in TENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS, Vol. 37, N° 5/2000 (09-10/2000)
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Titre : ERASM : Joint industry research programmes for the environmental risk assessment of surfactants Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : J. Steber, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p. 271-275 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Evaluation du risque
Industrie -- Pollution -- Lutte contre
Recherche -- Coopération internationale
Surfactants -- Aspect de l'environnementIndex. décimale : 668.1 Agents tensioactifs : savons, détergents Résumé : This joint initiative of the European detergent and surfactant industries (AISE, CESIO) was founded in 1991 as a response to the ongoing risk assessment activities in Europe. The activities of ERASM (Environmental Risk Assessment and Management) aim at a scientifically sound environmental risk assessment of surfactants used in detergents and involve work by industry expert groups as well as environmental research programmes sponsored by industry. The goals include programmes to improve the existing tools for risk evaluation and to enlarge knowledge about the fate and impact of surfactants in environmental compartments. The ERASM (Environmental Risk Assessment of Surfactants Management) activities in recent years have focussed on the development of GREAT-ER, a sophisticated calculation model allowing a visualised prediction of chemicals concentration along a river, and on in-depth studies into the bioconcentration behaviour as well as the terrestrial fate and effects of important surfactant groups. Major contributions have also been made to an improved understanding of surfactants role in anaerobic environments, their influence on artificial river ecosystems and their possible impact to rivers receiving untreated waste waters. The paper will review the background and summarise the achievements, and the conclusions from these ERASM activities. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3230
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 007661 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Total degradation or environmental experiment ? / C. Brunner in TENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS, Vol. 37, N° 5/2000 (09-10/2000)
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Titre : Total degradation or environmental experiment ? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : C. Brunner, Auteur ; U. Baumann, Auteur ; E. Pletscher, Auteur ; M. Eugster, Auteur ; St. Gallen, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p. 276-280 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Chimie analytique
Eau -- Pollution
Eau douce
Eaux de surface
Eaux usées -- Analyse
Eaux usées -- Epuration
Eaux usées -- Stations de traitements
Ecotoxicologie
Métabolites
Poissons -- Effets de la pollution de l'eau
Pollution
Salmonidés
Spectrométrie infrarouge
ToxicologieIndex. décimale : 668.1 Agents tensioactifs : savons, détergents Résumé : Owing to the alarming state of health of Salmonidae in many Swiss rivers, effluents of sewage treatment plants were studied. Water-polluting substances were enriched by solid-phase extraction (reversed-phase), isolated and fractionated by thin-layer chromatography using automatic multiple development (AMD). By subsequent biological detection with Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, and Chlorella vulgaris the positions of the toxic substances were verified. The spots were scratched out and eluted, then the toxic substances were analysed by infrared spectroscopy and characterized in comparison with reference spectra. The infrared (IR) spectra of the effluents of the sewage treatment plant resembled strongly those of adducts of ethylene oxide and mono- and diglycerides, adducts of ethylene oxide and hydrogenated castor oil, amphoteric surfactants, and fatty alcohol alkoxylates. To verify the indications of the IR spectra the respective raw materials were subjected to biodegradation in an extended OECD-test 302B and a laboratory trickling filter test. Two of nine substances proved to be totally biodegradable. The refractory intermediates of the seven incompletely degradable substances were obtained through trickling filters, enriched by solid-phase extraction and analysed by infrared spectroscopy. After thin-layer chromatography and subsequent biological detection by Bacillus subtilis, only the trickling filter effluents of the amphoteric surfactants, e.g. cocoamphodiacetate and cocoamphodipropionate showed toxic effects. These substances are often used in shower gels and shampoos. To our knowledge, data on the ecotoxic or biological effects of their refractory compounds are not available. Considering the large amounts of these intermediates in surface water, further studies are necessary. The amounts are considerably larger than, for example, the amounts of drugs or pesticides (although this is not to question at all the problematic nature of drugs and pesticides). From the point of view of preventive environment t protection, substances that are used in large amounts should be completely biodegradable in sewage treatment plants under aerobic conditions. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3231
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 007661 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Surfactants in sediments / L. Cavalli in TENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS, Vol. 37, N° 5/2000 (09-10/2000)
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Titre : Surfactants in sediments Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : L. Cavalli, Auteur ; A. Zatta ; M. Lazzarin ; G. Nucci ; S. Pravettoni ; L. Vigano ; G. Cassani, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p. 282-288 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Adsorption
Chromatographie en phase liquide
Eau douce
Eaux continentales -- Pollution
Ecotoxicologie
Ethers de glycol
Milieu marin -- Pollution
Nonylphenol éthoxylates
Pollution -- Mesure
Polyéthylène glycol
Sédiments contaminés
Sulfonates d'alkylbenzène
Surfactants -- ToxicologieIndex. décimale : 668.1 Agents tensioactifs : savons, détergents Résumé : There is a general paucity of literature data dealing with surfactants monitoring in sediments using specific methodologies. The only surfactants for which a consistent data set already exists are Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate (LAS) and Nonyl Phenol Ethoxylate (NPE). Concentrations of LAS and NPE, have in fact been monitored in both fresh water and marine sediments and were generally found to range from 0 to 5.0 mg/kg. Higher levels were reported only for some sediments collected close to untreated or inadequately treated sewage effluent discharges. This paper reviews the existing monitoring data for these surfactants in sediments and also reports the preliminary results of a recent monitoring programme carried out on the bottom sediments of the main watercourse in Italy, the river Po, using HPLC methodologies. For the first time, attention has been focused not only on LAS but also on Alcohol Ethoxylate (AE). To our knowledge this is the first example of a concentration-specific estimate of AE in sediments. These results will be discussed and compared with the limited toxicity information which is available on benthic organisms. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3232
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 007661 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Toxicity values for cationic surfactants / B. Vallés in TENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS, Vol. 37, N° 5/2000 (09-10/2000)
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Titre : Toxicity values for cationic surfactants : Comparison of EC50/LC50 values obtained from different toxicity bioassays for cationic surfactants in emulsions and microemulsions Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : B. Vallés, Auteur ; M. C. Riva, Auteur ; C. Sanpera, Auteur ; M. Canela, Auteur ; E. Griful, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p. 290-296 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Adoucissants
Alkylammonium quaternaire
Animaux -- Effets de la pollution de l'eau
Eau -- Aspect de l'environnement
Ecotoxicologie
Emulsions
Microémulsions
Plantes aquatiques -- Effets de la pollution de l'eau
Surfactants -- Toxicologie
Tests de toxicitéIndex. décimale : 668.1 Agents tensioactifs : savons, détergents Résumé : Effluents containing cationic softeners constitute a potential risk for the environment, which is commonly monitored by toxicity bioassays. In this study, EC50/LC50/LC50 for several cationic softeners, in both emulsions and microemulsions, were estimated through bioassays (Photobacterium phosphoreum) and aquatic biota (Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus subspicatus, Selenastrum capricornutum, Daphnia magna and Oncorhynchus mykiss). The results obtained from the different bioassays were compared and their implications for toxicity monitoring were assessed. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3233
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 007661 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Studies on the adsorption of non-ionic surfactants and the dripping behavior of their solutions by the drop volume and maximum bubble pressure technique / U. Teipel in TENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS, Vol. 37, N° 5/2000 (09-10/2000)
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Titre : Studies on the adsorption of non-ionic surfactants and the dripping behavior of their solutions by the drop volume and maximum bubble pressure technique Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : U. Teipel, Auteur ; Pfzintal, Auteur ; N. Aksel, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p. 297-309 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Adsorption
Alcanes
Cinétique chimique
Huile paraffinique
Huiles et graisses
Interfaces gaz-liquide
Polyéthylène glycol
Solutions aqueuses (chimie)
Sorbitol
Surfactants
Tension superficielleIndex. décimale : 668.1 Agents tensioactifs : savons, détergents Résumé : This study shows that the drop volume and maximum bubble pressure technique can be used to determine the adsorption behavior and interfacial adsorption kinetics of surfactants at fluid interfaces. Using these tensiometric methods, it is possible to determine not only the interfacial tension of the pure phases, but also the critical concentration for the formation of micelles (c.m.c.) in a surfactant system, the quasi-static interfacial tension as a function of surfactant concentration, and the maximum adsorption density at the interface. The determination of the dynamic interfacial tension makes it possible to indirectly characterize the kinetics of surfactant adsorption. The time dependence of the interfacial coverage resulting from this adsorption process is well described by two approximation solutions (for short and long adsorption times), with the result that the diffusion coefficients calculated as a function of surfactant concentration using these two methods show good agreement. The droplet formation and dripping behavior of a surfactant solution in a capillary was found to vary significantly according to whether the process occurred in a gaseous or fluid medium. In particular, the formation of satellite droplets was different for the two different media, in terms of both the volume and shape of the satellite droplets. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3234
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 007661 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible X-ray structural studies of lyotropic-cholesteric phases induced by adding cholesterol in the quaternary system hexadecyl dimethylethyl ammonium bromide/water/n-decanol/cholesterol / H.-D. Dörfler in TENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS, Vol. 37, N° 5/2000 (09-10/2000)
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Titre : X-ray structural studies of lyotropic-cholesteric phases induced by adding cholesterol in the quaternary system hexadecyl dimethylethyl ammonium bromide/water/n-decanol/cholesterol Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : H.-D. Dörfler, Auteur ; C. Görgens, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p. 310-317 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Ammoniums quaternaires -- Composés
Cholestérol
Solutions aqueuses (chimie)
Spectroscopie des rayons X
Structure moléculaire
SurfactantsTags : 'Système quaternaire' Décanol 'Etat lyotrope' 'Ammonium(diméthyléthyl palmityl) chlorure' Index. décimale : 668.1 Agents tensioactifs : savons, détergents Résumé : The results of X-ray structural studies of induced lyotropic cholesteric disk-like phases ChD, rod-like phases ChC and the lamellar phase L alpha in the quaternary system hexadecyl dimethylethyl ammonium bromide (C16Me2EABr)/water/n-decanol/cholesterol are described. For these X-ray measurements, a temperature-controlled SWAX camera was used. The X-ray-curves of the phases studied were evaluated as a function of the temperature and composition of the phases. Helix-formation occurs by solubilization of the cholesterol into the ND phase. During solubilization both the formanisotropy and the periodicity volume of the micelles were changed. Furthermore, the process of solubilization affects the average aggregation number per micelle and the average number of the solubilized cholesterol molecules per micelle. Structural details relating to the micelle parameters of the ChD- phase and ChC-ph L alpha phase are discussed. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3235
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