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Sustainable metal-free leather manufacture via synergistic effects of triazine derivative and vegetable tannins / Yuanhang Xiao in COLLAGEN AND LEATHER, Vol. 5 (2023)
[article]
Titre : Sustainable metal-free leather manufacture via synergistic effects of triazine derivative and vegetable tannins Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Yuanhang Xiao, Auteur ; Jiajing Zhou, Auteur ; Chunhua Wang, Auteur ; Jinwei Zhang, Auteur ; Vera D. Radnaeva, Auteur ; Wei Lin, Auteur Année de publication : 2023 Article en page(s) : 13 p. Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Acacia et constituants
Caractérisation
Coût
Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés organoleptiques
Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés physiques
Déchets -- Réduction
Eaux usées -- Analyse
Environnement -- Etudes d'impact
Produits chimiques -- Consommation -- Réduction
Synergie
Syntans
Tanins végétaux
Tannage combinéLe tannage combiné se dit des tannages qui allient deux familles ou genre de tannage pour obtenir un résultat additionnant les qualités complémentaires des tannins mis en œuvre par exemple Chrome-Végétal ou Chrome-Synthétique
Tannage métal free
Tannage synthétique
Tannage végétal
TriazineUne triazine est l'un des trois isomères du composé organique constitué d'un hétérocycle aromatique de six atomes, dont trois de carbone et trois d'azote. Chacune a donc pour formule C3H3N3.
La structure de la triazine est hétérocycle aromatique, analogue au cycle à six atome du benzène, mais avec trois atomes de carbone remplacés par des atomes d'azote. Les trois isomères correspondent donc aux emplacements respectifs des atomes de carbone et d'azote sur le cycle. On compte ainsi la 1,2,3-triazine, la 1,2,4-triazine, et la 1,3,5-triazine. Les autres hétérocycles aromatiques courant contenant de l'azote sont les azines (en particulier la pyridine) qui contiennent un atome d'azote, les diazines qui contiennent deux et les tétrazines qui en contiennent quatre.
Les triazines sont des bases faibles, plus faibles que la pyridine.Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Restrictions on heavy metals, especially chromium, have encouraged alternative tanning systems that can reduce environmental and human health risks from conventional chrome-based tanning. In this work, metal-free combination tanning was developed by using vegetable tannins and a triazine-based syntan containing active chlorine groups (SACC). Specifically, the relationship between leather performance (e.g., hydrothermal stability and organoleptic properties) and technical protocols (e.g., types and dose of tannins) was systematically established. The optimized protocol involving a unique procedure (i.e., 10% SACC pre-tanning, shaving, and 25% wattle tanning) endowed the leather with high shrinkage temperature (~ 92 °C) and met the Chinese standards for shoe upper leather (QB/T 1873-2010). Our method not only produces zero chrome-containing solid wastes, but also uses ~ 75% less tannin for leather manufacture. The excellent leather performance was ascribed to the synergistic effects, where SACC and wattle diffused into collagen fibrils and may bind to collagen via covalent, hydrogen and ionic bonding, locking the hierarchical structure of collagen from microfibrils to fiber bundles. Moreover, we summarized these findings and proposed a diffusion-binding-locking mechanism, providing new insights for current tanning theory. Together with the biodegradable spent tanning liquor, this approach will underpin the development of sustainable leather manufacture. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL SECTION : Materials - Leather tanning process - Characterization - The environmental impact assessment (EIA) of metal-free tanning process
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS : Optimizations of metal-free combination leather tannage - Molecular mechanisms in the combination tanning system - Morphologies and porous structures of leather - Organoleptic properties and physical performance of the leathers - Environmental assessment and cost analysis of our method
- Table 1 : The physical properties of the leathers. The value on the shoe upper leather suggests the Chinese standard requirements (QB/T 1873-2010)
- Table 2 : The content of extractable metals in the metal-free finished leather
- Table 3 : Environmental assessment index of tanning spent liquor
- Table 4 : The cost of main chemicals used in the SACC-tannin acid and SACC-wattle combination tanningDOI : https://doi.org/10.1186/s42825-022-00108-0 En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42825-022-00108-0.pdf?pdf=button% [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=38537
in COLLAGEN AND LEATHER > Vol. 5 (2023) . - 13 p.[article]Synthesis and application of highly branched polymers as filling-retanning agents / Chai Yuye in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 94, N° 5 (09-10/2010)
[article]
Titre : Synthesis and application of highly branched polymers as filling-retanning agents Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Chai Yuye, Auteur ; Wan Xiangxiang, Auteur ; Lan Yunjun, Auteur ; Zhang Shuffen, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p. 200-204 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Analyse thermique
Cuirs et peaux
Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés mécaniques
Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés organoleptiques
Cuirs et peaux de porcs
Etanchéité
Polyaddition
Polymères ramifiés
Polyméthacrylate de méthyleLe poly(méthacrylate de méthyle) (souvent abrégé en PMMA, de l'anglais Poly(methyl methacrylate)) est un polymère thermoplastique transparent obtenu par polyaddition dont le monomère est le méthacrylate de méthyle (MMA). Ce polymère est plus connu sous son premier nom commercial de Plexiglas (nom déposé), même si le leader global du PMMA est Altuglas International9 du groupe Arkema, sous le nom commercial Altuglas. Il est également vendu sous les noms commerciaux Lucite, Crystalite, Perspex ou Nudec.
Retannage
Transition vitreuse
TriméthylolpropaneIndex. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Highly branched polymers (HBPs) were prepared via free-radical polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) with polyfunctional allyl co-monomer (mono-trimethylolpropan trimaleate, PTPTM) at various n(MAA)/n(MTPTM) ratios. HBPs were employed in retanning wet-blue pigskins and the retanned leathers were evaluated by their physical properties such as tensile strength, tear strength, extension at break and organoleptic properties including softness, fullness, smoothness and tightness. The results showed that HBPs did well in filling and retanning leather and especially in the case of n(MAA)/n(MTPTM) = 12:1 (HBP-4). HBP-4 was characterized by HNMR, SEC, DSC and TGA, the results indcated that the polymer showed polydispersity (PDI = 1.456, Mw 27,024, Mn 15 566), its TG/DTG curves showed two-stage decomposition with two weight loss temperature maxima (206.38°C and 429.57°C), the single glass transition on the DSC curve and the Tg (209.98°C) which was lower than that of poly-methacrylic acid (227.85°C) implies that HBP-4 molecules have better flexibility than PMMA and there is no phase separation in the polymer. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1yL2dJ49t1nelQb-UDh_jiL8nNWXRQk_r/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9999
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 94, N° 5 (09-10/2010) . - p. 200-204[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 012501 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Synthesis, characterisation and application of environment friendly polymers for producing sustainable leather / Muhammad Naveed Ashraf in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 105, N° 1 (01-02/2021)
[article]
Titre : Synthesis, characterisation and application of environment friendly polymers for producing sustainable leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Muhammad Naveed Ashraf, Auteur ; Shazad Maqsood Khan, Auteur ; Shahid Munir, Auteur ; Rashid Saleem, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 19-30 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Biopolymères -- Synthèse
Caractérisation
Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés mécaniques
Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés organoleptiques
Eaux usées -- Analyse
Formaldéhyde -- Suppression ou remplacement
Mélamine-Méthylglyoxal
Poids moléculaires
Retannage
Rhéologie
Stabilité thermique
ThermogravimétrieIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : A series of formaldehyde-free melamine-methylglyoxal resins has been produced at various mole ratios of reactants. The methylglyoxal to melamine mole ratio (MG/M) was varied from 3 to 6 and the sodium metabisulfite to melamine mole ratio (SMB/M) was varied from 0.05 to 0.2. Viscosity trend of resins within the series was examined. The prepared resins were used as retanning agents and their improved mechanical and organoleptic properties were noticed in comparison with a commercial melamine-formaldehyde resin. The morphology of grain surface and fibre structure of the leathers was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermal stability of the optimal resin was assessed and observed to show an improvement over the commercial melamine-formaldehyde resin. Molecular weight and FTIR study of optimal resin was also pursued. Determination of free formaldehyde confirmed that the resulting leather was free from formaldehyde. A pollution load study of retanning effluent showed a significant reduction in chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids and total dissolved solids for the optimal resin reflecting its improved exhaustion due to optimised molecular size and ability to undergo in situ polymerisation in collagen fibres. The results have shown that the melamine resins of this novel work are suitable for producing formaldehyde-free leather with improved retanning properties and reduced pollution load of the wastewater. Methylglyoxal has been proved as a successful alternate of formaldehyde in resin synthesis to control air emissions and carcinogenic effects while producing sustainable leather. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE : Chemicals and apparatus - Synthesis of novel melamine resins using methylglyoxal as a condensing agent
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Schematic route of synthesis - Rheology of resins - Evaluation of retanning performance of SMMG resins - Mechanical proerties of leather treated with SMMG resins - Organoleptic properties of the leather treated with novel SMMG resins - Quantitative estimation of free formaldehyde content in treated leather - Molecular weight determination of optimal SMMG resin - Structural elucidation of optimal SMMG resin - Comparative thermo gravimetric analysis of optimal SMMG resin - Analysis of effluent
- Table 1 : Mole ratio and physical characteristics of novel SMMG resins - Experimental data
- Table 2 : Leather processing materials, conditions and recipe
- Table 3 : Mechanical properties of leather treated with sulfonated melamine-methylglyoxal resins
- Table 4 : Dependence of flow time, relative viscosity, specific viscosity
- Table 5 : Comparative characteristics of effluent after retanning with novel SMMG#06 resin and control resin
- Scheme 1 : Reaction of melamine and methylglyoxal at different mole ratio
- Scheme 2 : Sulfonation of melamine-methylglyoxal derivative
- Scheme 3 : Condensation of sulfonated tetrahydroxy melamine to form polymer moleculeEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/14IGqeHhbQcRyM88CW02qqG0GNzcv3Cr6/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=35314
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 105, N° 1 (01-02/2021) . - p. 19-30[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 22599 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Synthesis of aniline 2,5 disulfonic acid modified ecofriendly melamine resins and their performance evaluation as leather retanning agents / Muhammad Naveed Ashraf in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 104, N° 5 (09-10/2020)
[article]
Titre : Synthesis of aniline 2,5 disulfonic acid modified ecofriendly melamine resins and their performance evaluation as leather retanning agents Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Muhammad Naveed Ashraf, Auteur ; Shahzad Maqsood Khan, Auteur ; Shahid Munir, Auteur ; Nafisa Gull, Auteur ; Shahid Khan, Auteur ; Rashid Saleem, Auteur ; Rafi Ullah Khan, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 216-226 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Agents de tannage
Caractérisation
Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés mécaniques
Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés organoleptiques
Eaux usées -- Analyse
Formaldéhyde -- Suppression ou remplacement
Mélamine -- Synthèse
Microscopie électronique à balayage
Poids moléculaires
Retannage
Rhéologie
Stabilité thermique
ThermogravimétrieIndex. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Amino resins used in the leather retanning process are condensation products of formaldehyde which makes such resins objectionable due to environmental hazards. Due to the carcinogenic effects of formaldehyde, there is a growing demand to produce formaldehyde-free leather. This work involves the synthesis of formaldehyde free melamine resins for producing environment friendly leather with improved retanning properties and thermal stability. A series of resins was produced by condensation of glyoxal and melamine at varied mole ratios. Stability and water solubility was achieved by sulfonation with aniline 2,5 disulfonic acid at varied degrees of sulfonation. Resins were evaluated to measure the viscosity trends in series.
Synthesised resins were studied for their comparative retanning properties in comparison with a commercial melamine resin as control. Mechanical properties like tensile strengths tear strengths, and elongation at break were measured and found to be improved. Similarly, the organoleptic properties were also evaluated and found to be better than for the control. Retanned pieces of leather were examined by SEM and tested for free formaldehyde content. The optimal resin was subjected to analysis by FTIR, TGA and molecular weight determination. Effluents collected from retanning baths were tested for pollution load efficiency. The results of the study confirmed that the prepared resins were supportive in producing formaldehyde-free leather with improved mechanical and organoleptic properties. The thermal stability of the resulting resins and pollution load efficiency was also found to be improved.Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE : Chemicals and apparatus - Preparation of aniline 2,5 disulfonic acid modified melamine glyoxal resins
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Schematic route - Rheology of resins - Leather application of MGADS resins as retanning agent - Mechanical properties of leather treated with MGADS resins - Organoleptic properties - SEM analysis of retanned pieces of leather - Quantitative estimation of free formaldehyde contents in leather - Thermogravimetric analysis - Structural elucidation - Molecular weight determination of optimal MGADS resin - Analysis of effluentEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1QEiBifPuL-H5we65DiaVyKq52J6mp4uk/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=34522
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 104, N° 5 (09-10/2020) . - p. 216-226[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 22289 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Synthesis of eco-friendly polymeric resins and their rote in making leather with improved retanning properties and wastewater pollution / Muhammad Naveed Ashraf in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 104, N° 6 (11-12/2020)
[article]
Titre : Synthesis of eco-friendly polymeric resins and their rote in making leather with improved retanning properties and wastewater pollution Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Muhammad Naveed Ashraf, Auteur ; Shahzad Maqsood Khan, Auteur ; Shahid Munir, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 288-299 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Biopolymères
Biopolymères -- Synthèse
Cuir -- Teneur en formaldéhyde
Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés mécaniques
Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés organoleptiques
Eaux usées -- Analyse
Fourier, Spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de
Glutaraldéhyde
MélamineLa mélamine, de nom chimique 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine, est parfois dénommée cyanuramide ou cyanurotriamine. Sa formule brute est C3H6N6.
Les "résines mélamine-formaldéhyde" ou "mélamine-formol" (sigle MF) sont appelées "mélamine" dans le langage courant. Elles font partie de la famille des aminoplastes qui regroupe des résines thermodurcissables aminées, issues d'un comonomère tel l'urée ou la mélamine, parfois le thiocarbamide, le cyanamide hydrogène ou le dicyandiamide ; le second comonomère étant le formaldéhyde.
Morphologie (matériaux)
Poids moléculaires
Polymères -- Synthèse
Retannage
Rhéologie
Sulfanilique, Acide
ThermogravimétrieIndex. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : In this work a novel and eco-friendly retanning agent was developed to eliminate the potential risk of formaldehyde occurrence in leather along with improving the characteristics of leather. A series of sulfanilic acid modified melamine-glutaraldehyde resins were produced at varied mole ratios of melamine, glutaraldehyde and sulfanilic acid. The glutaraldehyde to melamine mole ratio (GL/M) was varied from 2 to 6 whereas the sulfanilic acid to melamine mole ratio (SNA/M) was varied from 0.5 to 3. The viscosity trend of resins in the series was studied.
Synthesised resins were used in retanning leather in comparison with a melamine-formaldehyde resin as a control. Retanned pieces of leather were evaluated for their mechanical properties and organoleptic properties. Samples of leather retanned with the optimal resin were also analysed for comparative free formaldehyde determination. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to study the morphology of grain surface and fibre structure of resulting leather. Effluent received from retanning process was analysed for pollution load estimation. The optimum resin was subjected to determination of its molecular weight, to thermo gravimetric analysis and FTIR. It was obvious from the results of this study that the optimal resin produced a leather with improved mechanical and organoleptic properties in comparison with the control.
Estimation of formaldehyde content in leather proved the complete elimination of free formaldehyde in leather whereas the level in control leather was 152mg/kg. Results from the pollution load study of waste water confirmed an improvement in efficiency of COD, TDS, TSS and formaldehyde by 13.40%, 9.71%, 8.82% and 100% respectively. SEM monographs of grain surface and collagen fibres showed better filling, distribution and reactivity of the optimal resin. Thermo gravimetric analysis proved the increase in thermal stability of developed resin by 16.3% as compared to control. The eco-friendly condensation polymer produced in this work was considered suitable for making formaldehyde-free leather with improved retanning properties, thermal stability and pollution load.Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE : Chemicals and apparatus - Preparation of sulfanilic acid modified melamine-glutaraldehyde resins (MGLSNA)
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Schematic route of synthesis - Viscosity trend in MGLSNA series - Leather application of MGLSNA resins - Mechanical properties of retanned leather - Organoleptic properties of leather - Comparative SEM analysis of leather - Quantitative estimation of fre formaldehyde content in leather - Molecular weight determination of optimal MGLSNA resin - Thermo gravimetric analysis - Structural elucidation through FTIR - Effluent analysis
- Table 1 : Mole ratios and physical characteristics of prepared MGSLNA resins - Experimental data
- Table 2 : Leather processing materials, conditions and recipe
- Table 3 : Mechanical characteristics of leather retanned with resins MGLSNA
- Table 4 : Dependence of flow time, relative viscosity, specific viscosity, Δ, ηsp - inηr and Δ/c2 different concentrations of MGLSNA resin #08
- Table 5 : Comparative pollution load reduction efficiency of optimum MGLSNA resin
- Scheme 1 : Formation of hydroxy derivatives of melamine
- Scheme 2 : Preparation of sodium salt of sulfanilic acid
- Scheme 3 : Sulfonation of hydroxy derivatives of melamine
- Scheme 4 : Condensation of monomers to produce resin MGLSNA
- Fig. 1 : Comparative study of organoloeptic properties of MGLSNA resins
- Fig. 2 : Scanning electron micrographs of cross section of grain surface (X50) and collagen fibre (X500)
- Fig. 3 : Dependence of Δ/c2 on the concentration of optimal resin MGLSNA#08
- Fig. 4 : TGA of optimal resin MGLSNA#08 and commercial melamine resin
- Fig. 5 : FTIR of MGLSNA#08 resinsEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ebHKU_sNQN0nAZXxMvUEazp3CWa7RHtj/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=34910
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 104, N° 6 (11-12/2020) . - p. 288-299[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 22440 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Synthesis of formaldehyde free amino resin to produce green eco-labelled leather with improved retanning properties / Muhammad Naveed Ashraf in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXV, N° 4 (04/2020)
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