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Analysis of the contribution of intellectual property investment to the economic growth of the leather industry in China / Xi Fan in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 104, N° 5 (09-10/2020)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 104, N° 5 (09-10/2020) . - p. 209-215 Titre : Analysis of the contribution of intellectual property investment to the economic growth of the leather industry in China Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Xi Fan, Auteur ; Wang Shicheng, Auteur ; Xing Zhanlei, Auteur ; Ma Guangqi, Auteur ; Wang Yanzhao, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 209-215 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Brevets d'invention -- Aspect économique Cuirs et peaux -- Industrie -- Chine Propriété intellectuelle (droit international) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Intellectual property rights have become one of the most important components to enhance China's international competitiveness and image and have increasingly become an academic hot spot. However, most of the studies are focusing on the areas including the improvements of law and the construction of protection systems. Based on a search of existing domestic and global literature, this paper used the Cobb-Douglas production function to establish a model for the development of leather industry in China, which has calculated the output coefficients of fixed capital input, labour input and intellectual property input in the leather industry, and the Solow Remainder Value Method has been further used to calculate the contribution rate of intellectual property input to the economic growth of the leather industry in China. The above calculated results show that investment in intellectual property contributes significantly to the growth of China's leather industry economy. This paper also contributes by proposing a new path for the transformation and upgrading of China's leather industry, which will be driven further under the background of intellectual property innovation. Note de contenu : - LITERATURE REVIEW - MODELS AND METHODS - CALCULATION AND ANALYSIS : Data sources - Calculation validation - SUGGESTIONS AND MEASURES TO IMPROVE THE CONTRIBUTION OF INTELLECTUAL PRPERTY TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEATHER INDUSTRY (SIMPLIFIED) : Deepening the independent innovation and protection, promoting the leather industry to the middle and high end of the industrial value chain - Improving the incentive mechanism and establishing patent alliance for the leather industry - Implementing patent navigation for leather industry and actively carrying out corporate IP standards - Forming the IP driven system for the transformation and upgrading of China's leather industry En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lLf2Ot2vpefhnoTsQAOILu-P8Kp5prAG/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=34517 [article]

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Synthesis of aniline 2,5 disulfonic acid modified ecofriendly melamine resins and their performance evaluation as leather retanning agents / Muhammad Naveed Ashraf in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 104, N° 5 (09-10/2020)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 104, N° 5 (09-10/2020) . - p. 216-226 Titre : Synthesis of aniline 2,5 disulfonic acid modified ecofriendly melamine resins and their performance evaluation as leather retanning agents Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Muhammad Naveed Ashraf, Auteur ; Shahzad Maqsood Khan, Auteur ; Shahid Munir, Auteur ; Nafisa Gull, Auteur ; Shahid Khan, Auteur ; Rashid Saleem, Auteur ; Rafi Ullah Khan, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 216-226 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Agents de tannage Caractérisation Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés mécaniques Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés organoleptiques Eaux usées -- Analyse Formaldéhyde -- Suppression ou remplacement Mélamine -- Synthèse Microscopie électronique à balayage Poids moléculaires Retannage Rhéologie Stabilité thermique Thermogravimétrie Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Amino resins used in the leather retanning process are condensation products of formaldehyde which makes such resins objectionable due to environmental hazards. Due to the carcinogenic effects of formaldehyde, there is a growing demand to produce formaldehyde-free leather. This work involves the synthesis of formaldehyde free melamine resins for producing environment friendly leather with improved retanning properties and thermal stability. A series of resins was produced by condensation of glyoxal and melamine at varied mole ratios. Stability and water solubility was achieved by sulfonation with aniline 2,5 disulfonic acid at varied degrees of sulfonation. Resins were evaluated to measure the viscosity trends in series. Synthesised resins were studied for their comparative retanning properties in comparison with a commercial melamine resin as control. Mechanical properties like tensile strengths tear strengths, and elongation at break were measured and found to be improved. Similarly, the organoleptic properties were also evaluated and found to be better than for the control. Retanned pieces of leather were examined by SEM and tested for free formaldehyde content. The optimal resin was subjected to analysis by FTIR, TGA and molecular weight determination. Effluents collected from retanning baths were tested for pollution load efficiency. The results of the study confirmed that the prepared resins were supportive in producing formaldehyde-free leather with improved mechanical and organoleptic properties. The thermal stability of the resulting resins and pollution load efficiency was also found to be improved. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE : Chemicals and apparatus - Preparation of aniline 2,5 disulfonic acid modified melamine glyoxal resins - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Schematic route - Rheology of resins - Leather application of MGADS resins as retanning agent - Mechanical properties of leather treated with MGADS resins - Organoleptic properties - SEM analysis of retanned pieces of leather - Quantitative estimation of free formaldehyde contents in leather - Thermogravimetric analysis - Structural elucidation - Molecular weight determination of optimal MGADS resin - Analysis of effluent En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1QEiBifPuL-H5we65DiaVyKq52J6mp4uk/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=34522 [article]

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Development of gold nanorods-based colorimetric method for the determination of formaldehyde in leather / Qingxiu Liu in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 104, N° 5 (09-10/2020)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 104, N° 5 (09-10/2020) . - p. 227-234 Titre : Development of gold nanorods-based colorimetric method for the determination of formaldehyde in leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Qingxiu Liu, Auteur ; Xiaotian Ziu, Auteur ; Jie Liu, Auteur ; Qin Shufa, Auteur ; Xuejing Zheng, Auteur ; Keyong Tang, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 227-234 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Colorimétrie Cuir -- Teneur en formaldéhyde Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Nanoparticules Or Produits chimiques -- Détection Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : A rapid and sensitive approach for colorimetric sensing of formaldehyde in aqueous solutions and leather has been developed based on the morphology-dependent localised surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties of gold nanorods (AuNRs). The method relied on amalgamation between elemental mercury (Hg°) and AuNRs to generate significant colour change, which was dependent on the amount of Hg°. Upon formaldehyde introduction into the mixed solution of Hg2' and gold nanorods, formaldehyde would reduce Hg2+ to Hg° in an alkaline environnent, which results in the longitudinal plasmon wavelength of gold nanorods to blue shift accompanying a perceptible colour change from blue-green to purple. Under optimal conditions, the linear correlation could be fitted between 3.)%. and the concentration of formaldehyde ranging from 0.1 to 10mg/L with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.992. Relevant experimental parameters, including pH, concentrations of Hg2+, reaction time were evaluated. Meanwhile, the sensing mechanism for the detection of formaldehyde has been discussed. Due to its great applicability, simplicity and rapidity, the proposed colorimetric approach is promising to be applied to formaldehyde determination in leather. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES : Chemical and instrumentation - Synthesis of AuNRs - Formaldehyde detection - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Sensing mechanism - Optimisation of experimental conditions - Detection of formaldehyde - Selectivity of the sensing system - Detection of formaldehyde in tap water - A preliminary study on the detection of formaldehyde in leather En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/12le_z8Vh3wAfAFtlL3Z9lZ-gqtyuzIB-/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=34523 [article]

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KCl-assisted enzyme in unhairing and collagen fibre bundle opening for cleaner leather making / Yafei Zhang in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 104, N° 5 (09-10/2020)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 104, N° 5 (09-10/2020) . - p. 235-239 Titre : KCl-assisted enzyme in unhairing and collagen fibre bundle opening for cleaner leather making Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Yafei Zhang, Auteur ; Hui Liu, Auteur ; Fang Wang ; Keyong Tang Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 235-239 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Absorption Analyse sensorielle Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés physiques Dispase est une protéase qui clive la fibronectine , le collagène IV et dans une moindre mesure le collagène I. Elle se trouve dans certaines bactéries et peut être isolée à partir de filtrats de culture de Bacillus polymyxa . Il peut être extrait, purifié et utilisé dans la recherche. Il peut être particulièrement utile de séparer les épithéliums embryonnaires et le mésenchyme . La Dispase II est spécifique du clivage des liaisons leucine - phénylalanine . La Dispase est souvent utilisée pour digérer les cellules primaires adhérentes en culture, car ce traitement s'est avéré plus doux que la digestion à la trypsine. (Wikipedia) Epilage enzymatique Produits chimiques -- Suppression ou remplacement Tanins Tannage Travail de rivière (cuir) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : In the traditional beamhouse, many chemical reagents such as sodium sulfide and calcium hydroxide are used, causing plenty of wastewater with sulfide and lime. In the present paper, KCI is used to assist enzymes for unhairing and collagen fibre bundle opening, in order to replace the conventional high pollution chemicals. The influences of KCl/dispase on unhairing and KCl/DMC on the collagen fibre bundle opening were investigated. The results showed that the KCI-assisted dispase could shorten the unhairing period with good hair root removal, compared to that of both conventional and pure dispase unhairing. The auxiliary use of KCI makes it possible to avoid pore enlargement and loose grain. KCI-assisted DMC opens the collagen fibre bundles better than the conventional unhairing resulting in a better tannage with increased softness and physical strength. The present paper shows that a cleaner and more eco-benign beamhouse is an alternative to the traditional process with sodium sulfide and lime. Note : DMC refers to Erhavit DMC enzyme. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Materials - Dispase activity - Optimisation of unhairing - Collagen fibre bundle opening - Tanning - Surface morphology of unhaired hide and cross section of tanned leather - Physical properties of leather and sensory characteristics - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Dispase activity - Optimisation of unhairing - Cross section of tanned leather - Absorption of tanninc acid - Physical properties and sensory characteristics of tanned leather En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dQgGBx_VkvOomkz1ItBCll61-Y_yrGR1/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=34524 [article]

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Moisture permeability of sheepskin : variation by the factors of temperature and humidity in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 104, N° 5 (09-10/2020)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 104, N° 5 (09-10/2020) . - p. 240-243 Titre : Moisture permeability of sheepskin : variation by the factors of temperature and humidity Type de document : texte imprimé Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 240-243 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Cuirs et peaux de moutons Humidité Perméabilité Température Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Sheepskin is one of the most comfortable natural leathers to wear and its softness and comfort are far greater than that of other leathers. Moisture permeability is one of the important factors affecting the comfort of sheepskin and the main external factors affecting moisture permeability are temperature and humidity. This paper studies the influence of temperature and humidity in the environment on the moisture permeability of sheepskin. Through the moisture permeability experiment, based on the measured data, the single influence of two factors on the moisture permeability of sheepskin was first quantitatively analysed and then the comprehensive influence of the two factors on the moisture permeability of sheepskin was analysed by using the least square principle. Matlab software was used to fit the three-dimensional surface and construct the regression curve equation between the three surfaces. The results showed that, the higher the environment temperature, the better the moisture permeability of sheepskin. When the humidity is from 60% to 74%, the moisture permeability of sheepskin decreased slowly; when the humidity increased to 76%, the moisture permeability is at the minimum; after the humidity reaches 76%, the moisture permeability increased gradually with the increase of humidity. After calculation, the comprehensive influence curve equation of environmental temperature and humidity on moisture permeability of sheepskin is obtained as follows: z = -0.001613x2 + 0.06067x + 0.008895xy + 8.664y2 - 12.18y + 3.924 Note de contenu : - RELATED THEORIES : Moisture permeability - Principle of least squares - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE : Materials - Tools and instruments - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Influence of temperature on the moisture permeability of sheepskin - Influence of humidity on the moisture permeability of sheepskin - Comprehensive analysis of the influence of temperature and humidity on moisture permeability of sheepskin En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1UFogslNqjEF-mVDdvLBQ1E7aCIC4Wz0f/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=34525 [article]

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Preparation and characterisation of reactive oil tanning agent based on lanolin / Wenkang Han in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 104, N° 5 (09-10/2020)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 104, N° 5 (09-10/2020) . - p. 244-247 Titre : Preparation and characterisation of reactive oil tanning agent based on lanolin Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Wenkang Han, Auteur ; Yao Tian, Auteur ; Dai Hong, Auteur ; Zhang Zongcai, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 244-247 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Agents de tannage Caractérisation Chamoisage Le chamoisage est une technique artisanale qui consiste à fabriquer un type de cuir très souple et de grande qualité, utilisé notamment dans la ganterie. L'atelier où se pratique cette activité est appelé une "chamoiserie", tandis que l'artisan dont c'est la spécialité est un "chamoiseur". Ce cuir était autrefois fabriqué à partir de peaux de chamois (d'où l'origine du mois "chamoisage") traitées avec de l'huile de poisson, ce qui en faisait un produit rare et cher. Les artisans essayaient donc de fabriquer des cuirs aux qualités approchantes en utilisant la peau d'animaux d'élevage, un tel cuir est alors appelé "peau chamoisée". Le chamoisage est désormais pratiqué sur les mêmes types de peaux que celles utilisées en mégisserie (agneau, chèvre, vachette, mouton…). Il met en Å“uvre les mêmes opérations que la mégisserie jusqu'à l'étape de "gonflement". Les peaux sont alors étendues et enduites avec de l'huile de poisson, puis frappées avec un fouloir pour faire pénétrer l'huile. Durant cette étape on expose régulièrement les peaux à l'air (on les "évente"), tout en ajoutant de l'huile. La dernière opération du chamoisage est le "remaillage" qui consiste à faire "cotonner" la peau en arrachant sa "fleur" avec un couteau qui ne tranche pas. Un sous-produit du chamoisage, le "dégras", est très recherché par les corroyeurs pour apprêter leurs cuirs. Il existe une norme française AFNOR qui s'applique aux peaux chamoisées : NF G59-001 de janvier 1981, Cuirs et peaux - Peaux chamoisées - Présentation, dimensions et marquage. Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Cuirs et peaux de lapins Lanoline Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : At present, some commercially available oil tanning agents have poor ability to combine with collagen, after they are used for tanning, massive amounts of oil tanning agent are left in the used tanning bath, which causes the problem of waste of oil tanning agent and environmental pollution. Developing an oil tanning agent which has the ability to combine with collagen, and simplifying the tanning process are the main aims of this dissertation. A new oil tanning agent with lanolin and octadecanol modified by cyanuric chloride is studied. Reaction material ratios were optimised based on the softness of the tanned leather and the eluted amount of oil tanning agent in the tanned leather. The synthesised oil tanning agent was analysed with infrared spectroscopy. The collagen fibre dispersion of the leather tanned with synthesised oil tanning agent was characterised with SEM. Experiments showed that the optimised material ratio was n(lanolin): n (octadecanol): n (cyanuric chloride) =1:1:1. The infrared spectroscopy proves that the experiment successfully added the triazine ring to the lanolin. SEM shows that the collagen fibres of the tanned leather are well dispersed which testifies that this oil tanning agent has the function of dispersing collagen fibres and is a good oil tanning agent. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHOS : Materials - Preparation of oil tanning agent containing triazine ring - Optimisation of the material ratio - Infrared spectrometric characterisation - Characterisation of fibre dispersion of Rex rabbitskin tanned with oil tanning agent - RESULTS : Infrared spectroscopy - Fibre dispersion of oil-tanned Rex rabbitskin En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/15PTSMKE2TfzeAcDcjx7cQrXExQxSatbi/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=34526 [article]

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