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Direct VOC analysis of water-based coatings by gas chromatography and solid-phase microextraction / Albert C. Censullo in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY (JCT), Vol. 69, N° 869 (06/1997)

[article]  inJOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY (JCT) > Vol. 69, N° 869 (06/1997) . - p. 33-41 Titre : Direct VOC analysis of water-based coatings by gas chromatography and solid-phase microextraction Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Albert C. Censullo, Auteur ; Dane R. Jones, Auteur ; Max T. Wills, Auteur Année de publication : 1997 Article en page(s) : p. 33-41 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Chimie analytique Chromatographie en phase gazeuse Composés organiques volatils Extraction (chimie) Revêtements en phase aqueuse:Peinture en phase aqueuse solvants Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : Solvents in water-based coatings may be determined by sampling the coating head space using solid phase microextraction and gas chromatographing the extract. Several water-based coatings of known composition were analyzed by direct capillary gas chromatography and excellent agreement with theoretical VOC values was obtained. Fifty-two water-based architectural and industrial maintenance coatings were analyzed by a combination of SPME/GC and direct GC of solutions in methanol or dimethyl-formamide and the results compared with reported values. The SPME/GC method appears to be especially suitable for the analysis of low VOC content water-based coatings, for which EPA Method 24 often gives poor results. The identification and quantitation ofexempt solvents may be performed easily with this method. Residual solvent in dried paint films may be determined by SPME/GC. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Solid-phase microextraction - Direct analysis of coatings samples - Validation - Paint film analysis - Gas chromatographic analysis of commercial water-based coatings Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=18244 [article]

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Model compound study for acrylic latex crosslinking reactions with cycloaliphatic epoxides / Shaobing Wu in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY (JCT), Vol. 69, N° 869 (06/1997)

[article]  inJOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY (JCT) > Vol. 69, N° 869 (06/1997) . - p. 43-49 Titre : Model compound study for acrylic latex crosslinking reactions with cycloaliphatic epoxides Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Shaobing Wu, Auteur ; Mark D. Soucek, Auteur Année de publication : 1997 Article en page(s) : p. 43-49 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Copolymères Epoxydes Latex Polyacryliques Polymères aliphatiques Réticulation (polymérisation) Tags : 'Acrylique  acide  copolymère'  'Méthacrylate  d'hydroxyéthyle'  Latex  Réticulation  Epoxyde  'Composé  bicyclique'  'Réaction  modèle'  Cinétique  'Mécanisme  réaction'  Régiosélectivité  'Effet  température'  pH  Stoechiométrie Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : Cyclohexene oxide, methanol, and acetic acid were used as model compounds to study the competitive crosslinking of cycloaliphatic diepoxides with hydroxyl and carboxyl functionalized acrylic copolymers. Model reactions were performed as a function of molar ratio, pH, and temperature. At a 2:1:1 molar ratio of epoxide: hydroxyl: carboxyl, the formation of the primary ether and ester linkages were found to be the major crosslinking reactions. By increasing the molar ratio to 3:1:1, the formation of both the ether and ester oligomer products were significantly enhanced. As the pH of the media decreased, the rate of the crosslinking reactions increased, and generally ester products were formed preferentially to ether products. A temperature dependence of the rate of reactions were generally more pronounced at higher pH. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL SECTION : Materials - Instrumentation - General procedure for model reactions - Sampling and GC analysis - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Model compound products and molar ratio effect on product formation - pH effect on the formation of primary and secondary ether and ester products - Temperature effect on the formation of primary and secondary products - Proposed crosslinking modes for cycloaliphatic epoxides with hydroxyl and carboxyl functionalized acrylic copolymers Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=18245 [article]

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Mechanical consequences of coating penetration / Margaret Joyce in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY (JCT), Vol. 69, N° 869 (06/1997)

[article]  inJOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY (JCT) > Vol. 69, N° 869 (06/1997) . - p. 53-58 Titre : Mechanical consequences of coating penetration Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Margaret Joyce, Auteur ; Roger Hagen, Auteur ; Alf de Ruvo, Auteur Année de publication : 1997 Article en page(s) : p. 53-58 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Analyse mécanique dynamique Epaisseur -- Mesure Papier -- Propriétés mécaniques Pénétration (physique) Procédés de fabrication Rigidité (mécanique) Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : Light weight coated papers were evaluated by dynamic mechanical analysis. In addition, water treated papers were studied to separate the contribution from the wetting-drying cycle on the response and thickness of the sheet. Measurements in three-point bending were performed in both the glassy and rubbery regions of the binder. The influence of coating penetration on bending stiffness was determined. At low coat weights, the bending stiffness of the base paper increased linearly. This was attributed to the sandwich structure achieved. As the coat weights continued to increase, the bending stiffness reached a constant value, then began to decrease. The decrease in bending stiffness was determined to be caused by the influences of coating water in the base paper. At higher coat weights, sufficient coating water was present to interfere with fiber-to-fiber bonds and release dried in strains. Variations in coating penetration and coating layer thickness were studied by electron microscopy. The results show the possibility of using dynamic mechanical testing to monitor the depth of coating penetration and thickness of the coating layer. Note de contenu : - METHODS AND MATERIALS : Instrumentation and test procedures - COATING DISTRIBUTION - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Thickness - Environmental scanning electron microscope - Bending stiffness Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=18246 [article]

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Singlet oxygen drying of alkyd resins and model compounds / J. C. Hubert in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY (JCT), Vol. 69, N° 869 (06/1997)

[article]  inJOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY (JCT) > Vol. 69, N° 869 (06/1997) . - p. 59-64 Titre : Singlet oxygen drying of alkyd resins and model compounds Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : J. C. Hubert, Auteur ; R. A. M. Venderbosh, Auteur ; W. J. Muizebelt, Auteur ; R. P. Klaasen, Auteur ; K. H. Zabel, Auteur Année de publication : 1997 Article en page(s) : p. 59-64 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Haut extrait sec Oxydation Polyalkydes Réactivité (chimie) Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : The drying behavior of air-drying high-solids paints (VOC<250 g/l) is different from and not as good as that of conventional paints. Research in relevant model compounds and alkyd paints has been initiated to gain insight in the underlying processes. After air-drying and aging, products whose formation could best be explained by assuming reaction with singlet oxygen were identified. Singlet oxygen can react with unsaturated systems in an efficient “ene” reaction to hydroperoxides. As hydroperoxides are essential in the air-drying process, an increased formation of singlet oxygen achieved by addition of (colored) sensitizers such as methylene blue and rose bengal should have a beneficial effect on alkyd drying. This effect was indeed found and appeared to be most pronounced at low temperatures. As a result the drying of high-solids alkyds and their corresponding paints is almost at the same rate as conventional products. Note de contenu : - INTRODUCTION : The oxidative drying of alkyds - EXPERIMENTAL : Auto-oxidation of (Z,Z)-3,6-nonadiene - Drying experiments of HS alkyds with photo-sensitizers - Drying experiments of Pigmented HS alkyds systems with photo-sensitizers - Color measurements on Pigmented HS alkyds with photo-sensitizers - Photo-oxidation of a methyl oleate/ethyl linoleate mixture - Auto-oxidation of a methyl oleate/ethyl linoleate mixture -RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Model compounds - Singlet oxygen - Photo-oxidation of linoleate versus oleate - Photo-oxidation and alkyd drying - Drying experiments using a BK recorder - Color measurements Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=18259 [article]

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Oleochemical polyols - a new raw material source for polyurethane coatings and floorings / Rainer Höfer in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY (JCT), Vol. 69, N° 869 (06/1997)

[article]  inJOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY (JCT) > Vol. 69, N° 869 (06/1997) . - p. 65-72 Titre : Oleochemical polyols - a new raw material source for polyurethane coatings and floorings Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rainer Höfer, Auteur ; Peter Daute, Auteur ; Roland Grützmacher, Auteur ; Alfred Westfechtel, Auteur Année de publication : 1997 Article en page(s) : p. 65-72 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Huiles et graisses Huiles et graisses végétales Liants Matières premières Polyols Polyuréthanes Revêtements Revêtements de sols Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : The efforts of both industrialized and developing countries to use and cultivate natural oils as a renewable source for food and foodstuff manufacture have led to a high growth in worldwide production of natural oils. These efforts have also led to an expansion of natural oils as a convenient raw material base for industrial applications. To use natural oils as raw materials for polyurethane production, multiple hydroxyl functionality is required. Hydroxyl functionality occurs naturally in castor oil and can be introduced synthetically in other natural oils with unsaturated sites by epoxidation followed by ring opening. Ring opening can be accomplished by reaction with alcohols, amino alcohols, or acids. Hydroxyl functionality can also be obtained by esterification or transesterification with excess polyol. Dimerization of oleic alcohol, or, alternatively, hydrogenation of dimer acids yields dimer diols, liquid C36 hydrocarbons with two primary OH-groups. The main fields of application of these novel oleochemical polyols are areas where hydrophobicity, hardness, flexibility, and mechanical and chemical resistivity are needed. Applications for oleochemical polyols in VOC-free, two-component polyurethane coatings and floorings, as well as in oven-drying or air-drying aqueous polyurethane dispersions are described. Note de contenu : - OLEOCHEMICAL POLYOLS : Hydroxy functional natural oils - Hydroxy functional fatty acid derivatives - Aliphatic oleochemical diols - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials - Methods - Reaction of hydroxy functional natural oils with MDI - Chemical stability of hydroxy functional fatty acid derivatives - APPLICATION EXAMPLES : Aqueous polyurethane dispersions - Two-component PUR casting applications Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=18260 [article]

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