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JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) / Union internationale des sociétés de techniciens et chimistes des industries du cuir . Vol. 87, N° 4Mention de date : 07-08/2003Paru le : 15/07/2003 |
Dépouillements
Ajouter le résultat dans votre panierThe preparation and application of a montmorillonite-based nanocomposite in leather making / Jianzhong Ma in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 87, N° 4 (07-08/2003)
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Titre : The preparation and application of a montmorillonite-based nanocomposite in leather making Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jianzhong Ma, Auteur ; Xinjiang Chen, Auteur ; Yun Chu, Auteur ; Zongsui Yang, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : p. 131-134 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Absorption
Adsorption
Caractérisation
Eaux usées -- Epuration
Huiles et graisses
Maroquinerie
Matériaux -- Modifications chimiques
Montmorillonite
Sels d'ammonium
Température de retraitIndex. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Montmorillonite (MMT) has been modified with a long chain quaternary ammonium salt through a cation exchange reaction. The extent of the exchange was characterised by XRD (X-ray Diffraction), FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and by the determination of CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity).The results prove that alkylammonium ions have taken the place of Na+ ions in Na+ - Montmorillonite (Na-MMT) and that the inter-laminar distance has been enlarged.
The possibility of using Na-MMT and organic-montmorillonite (O-MMT) in the treatment of wastewater from tanneries by utilizing their adsorption properties has been studied. The result shows that Na-MMT and O-MMT can absorb fatliquors to a certain extent.
A series of tanning experiments have been carried out to compare the tanning properties of Na-MMT, O-MMT and O-MMT/Cr3+. The results suggest that Na-MMT and O-MMT have some tanning capability, and that the composite O-MMT/Cr3+ with a very low content of Cr3+ can produce leather of light colour with a shrinkage temperature above 90oC.Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE :
- Preparation of organic-MMT
- Organic modification of MMT
- Sorption of grease from waste water by Na-MMT and O-MMT
- TANNING WITH NA-MMT AND O-MMT :
- General procedure for tanning
- TANNING WITH O-MMT/CR3+ COMPOSITE :
- Preparation of O-MMT/Cr3+ composite
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS :
- Analysis of CEC, FT-IR and XRD of O-MMT
- Results of sorption of grease in waste water by Na-MMT and O-MMT
- Results of Tanning with Na-MMT and O-MMT
- Table 1 : CEC results for O-MMT
- Table 2 : Results of sorption of grease in waste water by Na-MMT and O-MMT
- Table 3 : Shrinkage temperatures of different tannages
- Table 4 : Thickness increment ratio for different tannages
- Table 5 : Shrinkage temperature of different tannagesEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pTRjBEUgi5rzRX5SyWaG1WAIhJvVgRML/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39767
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 87, N° 4 (07-08/2003) . - p. 131-134[article]Exemplaires
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité aucun exemplaire Application of an enzymatic bate from local materials / M. M. Ahmed in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 87, N° 4 (07-08/2003)
[article]
Titre : Application of an enzymatic bate from local materials Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : M. M. Ahmed, Auteur ; G. A. Gasmelseed, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : p. 135-137 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Confitage enzymatique
Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés chimiques
Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés physiques
Cuirs et peaux de chèvres
Cuirs et peaux de moutons
Travail de rivière (cuir)Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Over the years the enzymatic bating process for both hides and skins has become indispensable, it renders the leather soft, resilient and smooth. The basic raw materials for a bate have ranged from dog dung and pigeon faeces to synthetic enzymes.
The application of the formerly used natural materials was difficult and the quality of the leather produced was not reproducible and was inconsistent. The skins might be over -bated or under -bated depending on the activity of the bate and the enzyme content of the material used.
The current material used for the preparation of a bate is cow pancreas, blended with a carrier substance at a suitable concentration giving an activity of about 1300 units. The leather produced using such materials is compared with that produced using a widely applied commercial bating material (Oropon, Rohm and Haas) with regard to quality, strength and softness. Various compositions were used starting from 0.5% at increments of 0.25% to 1.5% based on limed weight.
These trials were compared with a controlled experiment using 0.5% of the commercial bating material which has a strength of 1500 units as checked by the method of analysis adopted in this work (Appendix A).
72 wet-salted sheep and goat skins were divided equally into two groups, each group contained 6 skins of either type.
The skins of the two groups were processed through soaking, unhairing, liming deliming, bating, pickling, chrome tannage, retannage, drying, and finishing.
The leather produced is of good quality and it does not differ from the leather produced using imported bating materials.Note de contenu : - Producing the bate
- Experimental work
- Results and discussion : Summary of production - Application and results
- Table 1 : Factors and their levels
- Table 2 : Physical properties sheepskins
- Table 3 : Physical properties of goat skins
- Table 4 : Chemical properties of sheep skinsEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1X0u0JoI8LOtbwsilfsGczdL9N62JX3XD/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39768
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 87, N° 4 (07-08/2003) . - p. 135-137[article]Exemplaires
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité aucun exemplaire Investigation of tartaric acid-copper sulphate mixture as a light stabilizer in leather dyeing / N. H. El-Sayed in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 87, N° 4 (07-08/2003)
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Titre : Investigation of tartaric acid-copper sulphate mixture as a light stabilizer in leather dyeing Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : N. H. El-Sayed, Auteur ; A. A. Haroun, Auteur ; M. Stoll, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : p. 138-143 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Analyse spectrale
Bleu (couleur)
Cuirs et peaux -- Teinture
Photostabilité
Rouge (couleur)
Stabilisants à la lumière
Sulfate de cuivreLe sulfate de cuivre est formé par la combinaison d'un ion cuivre (Cu2+) et d'un ion sulfate (SO42- ). Il a donc pour formule : CuSO4. Il est commercialisé soit anhydre, avec cette formule, soit pentahydraté et a alors la formule CuSO4,5H2O, comme sur la figure ci-contre. Il existe également avec une ou trois molécules d'eau d'hydratation.
FABRICATION : Le sulfate de cuivre est obtenu industriellement comme sous-produit du décapage chimique du cuivre par l'acide sulfurique. Cet acide n'attaquant pas le cuivre métallique, seule sa forme oxydée présente en surface sous forme d'oxydes, de carbonates (vert de gris) et autres, passe en solution. Dans ces conditions, seul le degré d'oxydation II (forme cuivrique) est stable.
UTILISATION : Une des principales utilisations actuelle du sulfate de cuivre est la préparation (industrielle ou non) de fongicides pour l'agriculture y compris biologique. La forme la plus courante est la bouillie bordelaise constituée de sulfate de cuivre neutralisé par la chaux.
TOXICITE : Le sulfate de cuivre est un produit toxique.
Tartrique, Acide
Wet-blue (tannage)Peau tannée au chrome (le chrome donne une couleur bleue)Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The optimum concentrations of a tartaric acid-copper sulphate mixture used as a light stabilizer, with wet-blue dyed with Neolan Red GRE, Cibacron Turquoise Blue and Procion Red MX-5B were found to be (3/3%), (4/4%) and (3/3%) respectively.
The proposed mechanism of the reaction between the tartaric acid-Cu complex and the dyestuffs during dyeing processes - which was confirmed by NIR spectroscopy - was that the complex was formed through both the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups to form a ligand with copper metal and the free carboxyl groups were the more likely reactants than the free hydroxyl groups during complex formation.
Dyestuffs with free amino groups can easily react with the tartaric-Cu complex by covalent bonding, at the same time, according to the percentage of Cu2+ ions used, the copper forms a ligand with the free anionic groups of the dyestuffs.
Evaluation of the copper ions remaining after the dyeing processes gave the most suitable concentration of copper sulphate, which should not exceed 0.5% with the tartaric acid as high as 2%.
This range was recommended to safely minimize the level of the residual copper ions, when the mixture was used as light stabilizer during leather dyeing.Note de contenu : - NIR-spectroscopy of the tartaric acid/ copper mixture
- Standard dyeing method
- Spectrophotometric measurements
- Determination of the remaining Cu-ions in the waste water after dyeing
- Determination of light fastness
- Table 1 : Effect of copper sulphate/tartaric acid mixture on dyeing parameters of wet-blue
- Table 2 : Effect of copper sulphate/tartaric acid mixture on dyeing parameters of crust leather
- Table 3 : Interpretation of The Second Derivative-NIR Spectrum
- Table 4 : Analysis data of Cu2+ ions in the waste water from the dyeing process
- Table 5 : Effect of Tartaric-Cu complex on the light fastness of dyed leatherEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1icMqWFnfI3OCfYNNJ_6d9BaQgtoSDyqI/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39769
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 87, N° 4 (07-08/2003) . - p. 138-143[article]Exemplaires
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité aucun exemplaire Influence of various waterproofing agents on water and water vapour absorption and permeability / Z. Bajza in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 87, N° 4 (07-08/2003)
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Titre : Influence of various waterproofing agents on water and water vapour absorption and permeability Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Z. Bajza, Auteur ; P. Hitrec, Auteur ; M. Muzic, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : p. 144-148 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Croûte (cuir) On entend par "cuir en croûte" des cuirs ayant subi les opérations jusqu'au tannage, à l'exclusion de toute opération de corroyage ou de finissage, mais qui, par opposition aux wet-blue ont été séchés.
Cuirs et peaux de bovins
Essais (technologie)
Humidité -- Absorption
Imperméabilisants
Imperméabilisation
Perméabilité
Vapeur d'eauIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : In this article, the influence on finished leather properties of five different waterproofing agents has been examined. Wet-salted bovine hide (weight category 35 kg) was treated in an half-industrial environment by conventionally used liming, tanning and retanning processes.
9% offers of five different waterproofing agents were used for the waterproofing process. The levels of water vapour, fats, ash and Cr2O3 were determined for the crust leather. The water vapour permeability, leather porosity to water vapour and absorption of water (measured on both the Kubelka apparatus and the Bally penetrometer) were determined. The water repellency properties of each waterproofing agent were estimated from the results.En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uB8WAlL7pxLmIPnHSo5luEG48YxHyahc/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39770
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 87, N° 4 (07-08/2003) . - p. 144-148[article]Exemplaires
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité aucun exemplaire An integrated eco-friendly tanning method for the manufacture of upper leathers from goatskins / Subramanian Saravanabhavan in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 87, N° 4 (07-08/2003)
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Titre : An integrated eco-friendly tanning method for the manufacture of upper leathers from goatskins Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Subramanian Saravanabhavan, Auteur ; Rathinam Aravindhan, Auteur ; Palanisamy Thanikaivelan, Auteur ; B. Chandrasekaran, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : p. 149-158 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Coût-Efficacité
Cuir -- teneur en chrome
Cuirs et peaux de chèvres
Déchets -- Réduction
Eau -- Consommation -- Réduction
Eaux usées -- Analyse
Epilage enzymatique
Tannage au chromeIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Present leather-making processes cause difficulties, with regard to their perceived environmental impact. Pre-tanning and tanning processes contribute more than 90% of the total pollution load from leather processing.
Conventional process methods subject the skin to wide variations in pH. Such pH changes, lead to salt formation which results in a net increase in COD, TDS, chlorides, sulphates and chromium levels in tannery wastewaters.
In this study, a three-step process sequence has been explored to limit the pH range in leather processing to between 4.0-8.0. A sequence of operations, viz. enzyme unhairing, NaOH based fibre opening and pickle-less chrome tanning produces leathers matching the functional performance of conventionally processed leathers but leading to substantial environmental benefits in the reduction of COD and total solids by 43 and 70%, respectively. Water consumption for processing is reduced to 17.81/Kg raw hide. The process sequence explored appears to be economically viable.Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL METHODS :
- Standardisation of dehairing process
- Standardisation of opening up of fibre bundles
- Experimental tanning process (E)
- Conventional tanning process (C, as followed in India)
- EXAMINATION OF THE LEATHERS :
- Input-output analysis
- Scanning electron microscopic examination
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION :
- Standardisation of dehairing system
- Standardisation of NaOH for opening up of fibre bundles
- INTEGRATED THREE STEP TANNING PROCESS : AN APPRAISAL
- Softness measurements
- Scanning electron microscopic analysis
- Chromium in leather
- OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE METHODS OF EVALUATION OF THE LEATHER
- Strength characteristics
- Tactile properties
- Environmental benefits
- Techno-economic viability
- INPUT-OUTPUT AUDIT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL AND CONTROL PROCESS
control process
- Table 1 : Composition of depilatory mixture* for different methods of application
- Table 2 : Extent of swelling and cross section pH of the pelts from preliminary fibre opening trials
- Table 3 : Compression measurement and gradient data for control (C) and experimental (E) crust Leathers
- Table 4 : Comparison of chromium content in wet blue leathers from control (C) and experimental (E) processes
- Table 5 : Physical testing data of control (C) and experimental (E) leathers
- Table 6 : Composite liquor analysis
- Table 7 : Comparison of water requirement and discharge for control (C) and experimental (E) leather processing of 1 kg raw skins
- Table 8 : Time and power consumption for the conventional (C) and experimental tanning (E) processes
- Table 9 : Cost estimates of the conventional (C) and experimental tanning (E) processes
- Table 10 : Input-output audit for both control and experimental processEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jxj7vQuxr9IAA_lOPXzd04eZ-44Kkiva/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39771
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 87, N° 4 (07-08/2003) . - p. 149-158[article]Exemplaires
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité aucun exemplaire An optimization study of the graft polymerization of HEMA onto leather / R. A. Masoud in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 87, N° 4 (07-08/2003)
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Titre : An optimization study of the graft polymerization of HEMA onto leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : R. A. Masoud, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : p. 159-161 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Allongement à la rupture
Copolymères greffés
Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés mécaniques
Essais dynamiques
Polyméthacrylate d'hydroxyéthyle
Traction (mécanique)Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) has been graft copolymerized onto chrome-tanned leather using benzoyl peroxide in methanol as the initiator. The influence of synthesis variables, including monomer concentration, initiator selection and temperature, have been investigated. As the graft polymerization of HEMA onto chrome-
tanned leather was increased, water absorption was reduced and tensile strength and elongation at break improved.
FT-IR spectroscopic analysis of ungrafted and grafted leather showed a band at 1735 cm-1 corresponding to the carbonyl of the ester of acrylate (HEMA), while subsequent SEM analysis revealed a decrease in the porosity of the leather surface as a result of the graft polymerization.Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES :
- Materials
- Graft polymerization method
- Elongation at break
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION :
- Effect of benzoyl peroxide [B.P]concentration
- Effect of time
- Effect of HEMA monomer concentration
- IR spectra
- Water absorption
- Scanning Electron Microscope SEM
- Table 1 : Effect of the level of graft polymerization of HEMA onto chrome-tanned leather on water absorption
- Table 2 : Effect of the degree of grafting on Tensile strength and elongation at breakEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1o_G0vxMYeHCALuAxQjr_aQrRCkq0lKdW/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39772
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 87, N° 4 (07-08/2003) . - p. 159-161[article]Exemplaires
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité aucun exemplaire Effect of different tanning agents on the degree of grafting onto hide / N. H. El-Sayed in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 87, N° 4 (07-08/2003)
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Titre : Effect of different tanning agents on the degree of grafting onto hide Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : N. H. El-Sayed, Auteur ; O. A. Mohamed, Auteur ; R. A. Masoud, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : p. Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Acrylate de butyle
Agents de tannage
AluminiumL'aluminium est un élément chimique, de symbole Al et de numéro atomique 13. C’est un métal pauvre, malléable, de couleur argent, qui est remarquable pour sa résistance à l’oxydation13 et sa faible densité. C'est le métal le plus abondant de l'écorce terrestre et le troisième élément le plus abondant après l'oxygène et le silicium ; il représente en moyenne 8 % de la masse des matériaux de la surface solide de notre planète. L'aluminium est trop réactif pour exister à l'état natif dans le milieu naturel : on le trouve au contraire sous forme combinée dans plus de 270 minéraux différents, son minerai principal étant la bauxite, où il est présent sous forme d’oxyde hydraté dont on extrait l’alumine. Il peut aussi être extrait de la néphéline, de la leucite, de la sillimanite, de l'andalousite et de la muscovite.
L'aluminium métallique est très oxydable, mais est immédiatement passivé par une fine couche d'alumine Al2O3 imperméable de quelques micromètres d'épaisseur qui protège la masse métallique de la corrosion. On parle de protection cinétique, par opposition à une protection thermodynamique, car l’aluminium reste en tout état de cause très sensible à l'oxydation. Cette résistance à la corrosion et sa remarquable légèreté en ont fait un matériau très utilisé industriellement.
L'aluminium est un produit industriel important, sous forme pure ou alliée, notamment dans l'aéronautique, les transports et la construction. Sa nature réactive en fait également un catalyseur et un additif dans l'industrie chimique ; il est ainsi utilisé pour accroître la puissance explosive du nitrate d'ammonium.
Chrome
Fourier, Spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de
Greffage (chimie)
Tannage minéralTannage dans lequel interviennent différents minéraux. Le plus répandu est le tannage aux sels de chrome, mais aussi à l’aluminiumIndex. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : We have investigated the influence of tanning agents on grafting butyl acrylate onto the low value lower split of limed hide. The results obtained indicate that the level of grafting increases in the order Al > Cr >Al+Cr. This is ascribed to the presence of a greater number of free sites in hide tanned with Al.
We also note that initiator [I] and monomer [M] concentration play an important role on the grafting level, time and temperature of reaction also have an effect. Increasing [I] and [M] concentrations increases the grafting level up to a certain concentration for each one, after which the rate of grafting tends to level off. This can be attributed to the increase in free radicals which leads to an increase in grafting levels up to the point where homopolymerization exceeds the rate of grafting so the reaction stops. The grafting process was proved via FT-IR.Note de contenu :
- MATERIALS AND METHODS :
- Grafting method
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION :
- A- Aluminium tannage : Factors affecting the grafting of BuA onto Al-tanned hide
- B-Chromium tannage : Factors affecting the grating of BuA onto Cr-tanned hide
- C- Aluminium and Chromium (Al+Cr) tanning : Factors affecting the degree of grafting of BuA onto Al+Cr tanned hide
- FT-IR spectraEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1j_Kjc4Efv8eioz7d4Lxo20tUWZtMsPIz/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39773
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