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Characteristics of lightweight grain leather with improved foamability and properties using wet-foaming technology / Eun Chul Shin in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 107, N° 3 (05-06/2023)
[article]
Titre : Characteristics of lightweight grain leather with improved foamability and properties using wet-foaming technology Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Eun Chul Shin, Auteur ; Young-Woo Kim, Auteur ; Kim Joo-Young, Auteur ; Won-Ki Lee, Auteur Année de publication : 2023 Article en page(s) : p. 106-112 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Agents d'expansion (chimie)
Cuir pleine fleur
Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés physiques
Cuirs et peaux -- Teinture
Fixateurs (chimie)
LignineLa lignine est un des principaux composants du bois, avec la cellulose, l'hémicellulose et des matières extractibles. La lignine est présente principalement dans les plantes vasculaires et dans quelques algues. Ses principales fonctions sont d'apporter de la rigidité, une imperméabilité à l'eau et une grande résistance à la décomposition. Toutes les plantes vasculaires, ligneuses et herbacées, fabriquent de la lignine. Quantitativement, la teneur en lignine est de 3 à 5 % dans les feuilles, 5 à 20 % dans les tiges herbacées, 15 à 35 % dans les tiges ligneuses. Elle est moindre pour les plantes annuelles que pour les vivaces, elle est maximum chez les arbres. La lignine est principalement localisée entre les cellules (voir parois pectocellulosiques), mais on en trouve une quantité significative à l'intérieur même de celles-ci. Bien que la lignine soit un réseau tridimensionnel hydrophobe complexe, l'unité de base se résume essentiellement à une unité de phénylpropane. La lignine est le deuxième biopolymère renouvelable le plus abondant sur la Terre, après la cellulose, et, à elles deux, elles cumulent plus de 70 % de la biomasse totale. C'est pourquoi elle fait l'objet de recherches en vue de valorisations autres que ses utilisations actuelles en bois d'œuvre et en combustible.
Voie de biosynthèse : La lignine est une molécule dont le précurseur est la phénylalanine. Cet acide aminé va subir une cascade de réactions faisant intervenir une dizaine de familles d'enzymes différentes afin de former des monolignols. Ces enzymes sont : phénylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT), p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H), caffeoyl-CoA o-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), ferrulate 5-hydroxylase (F5H), caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) et cinnamyl alcohol deshydrogenase (CAD). Dans un certain nombre de cas, des aldéhydes peuvent également être incorporés dans le polymère.
Moussage (chimie)Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Natural leather is widely used in fashion products and has excellent physical properties owing to its structurally dense organisation. However, this high density leads to a high weight, which has been noted as a disadvantage. A fundamental method for improving the weight of natural leather materials is to reduce the weight of the naturally derived high-density collagen fibre tissue by structurally changing it into a low-density tissue. A low-density natural leather manufacturing technology is being developed to do so by infiltrating and foaming thermally expandable materials into a natural leather processing process; however, the dyeing of the fabric after foaming is uneven and the fabric becomes hard. In this study, we developed a wet-foaming process to replace the existing dry-foaming process after dyeing. The wet-foaming process is performed during the natural leather processing process (before the dyeing process) to improve the fixation and dyeability of thermo-expandable microcapsules (TEMs). By applying TEMs to the retanning process along with lignin (a natural product-based fixing agent) and then proceeding with the TEM foaming in liquid it is possible to provide stable foaming with flexibility of the TEMs in the leather tissue and to minimise the loss to drain. Furthermore, in the subsequent dyeing process, the TEMs dyed in the foamed state show an improved dyeing levelness. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES : Materials - Apparatus - Experimental method - Measurement of properties
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Wet-foaming experiments by TEMs content in the retanning process - Experiment applying lignin-based fixing agent - experiment on lignin-based agent content - Experiment on dyeability of wet-foamed grain leather
- Table 1 : Characteristics of chemicals
- Table 2 : Density and flexibility according to TEMs and lignin fixing agent content
- Table 3 : Physical properties of wet-foaming leatherEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/13CISJY1kcZnr8I9DSCADGu96o4SY5aJ2/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39581
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 107, N° 3 (05-06/2023) . - p. 106-112[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 24110 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Foaming of hot melt adhesives / Katharina Rawert in ADHESION - ADHESIVES + SEALANTS, Vol. 17, N° 2/2020 (2020)
[article]
Titre : Foaming of hot melt adhesives Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Katharina Rawert, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 16-19 Langues : Multilingue (mul) Catégories : Adhésifs dans les automobiles
Adhésifs thermofusibles
Filtres
Matelas
Moussage (chimie)
Mousse (chimie)
Polymères
Polymères amorphes
PolyoléfinesUne polyoléfine, parfois appelée polyalcène, désigne un polymère aliphatique saturé, synthétique, issu de la polymérisation d'une oléfine (aussi appelée un alcène) telle l'éthylène et ses dérivés.
La formule générale est -(CH2-CRR')n-, où R et R' peuvent être l'atome d'hydrogène (H) ou les radicaux alkyle apolaires CH3, CH2-CH3, CH2-CH(CH3)2. Il existe aussi des mousses isolantes souples faites à partir de polyoléfine (pour l'isolation thermique de tuyaux plastiques par exemple).
PRESENTATION : Les polyoléfines forment la plus importante famille de matières plastiques, avec quatre représentants (PP, HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE) parmi les plastiques de grande consommation. La consommation mondiale de ces quatre polymères est évaluée à plus de 60 millions de tonnes en 20001.
Seul un petit nombre de polyoléfines a atteint le niveau industriel :
les polyoléfines thermoplastiques semi-cristallines : polyéthylène (PE), polypropylène (PP), polyméthylpentène (PMP), polybutène-1 (PB-1) ;
les polyoléfines élastomères : polyisobutylène (PIB), éthylène-propylène (EPR ou EPM) et éthylène-propylène-diène monomère (EPDM).
PROPRIETES : En raison de leur nature paraffinique, les polyoléfines sont hydrophobes et possèdent en général une grande inertie chimique (aux solvants, acides, bases, etc.). Ces matériaux ont donc une qualité alimentaire. Le collage est très difficile (la surface est particulièrement inerte, des traitements de surface spéciaux sont nécessaires).
Cependant, ils sont sensibles à l'action des UV, et résistent très peu à l'inflammation car leur indice limite d'oxygène est faible (exemple : ILO ~ 17 pour le polyéthylène).
Leur densité est très faible [0,83 (cas du PMP) < d < 0,95] : ils flottent dans l'eau.
Ils sont opaques, sauf le PMP (transparent).Index. décimale : 668.3 Adhésifs et produits semblables Résumé : Foaming technologies have been known by the market for years. However, foamed hot melts have recently been gaining more interest as the industry moves towards more resource and cost-efficient solutions that can maintain or even improve performance.
Foaming has become an attractive alternative in various applications by increasing the volume of hot melt adhesives while reducing material usage. Evonik recognized this trend in amorphous-poly-alpha-olefins (APAO) and began extensive research on their foaming process, as well as, the foaming behavior of different polymers in order to provide customers with the best solution for their individual requests. A detailed evaluation focused on performance, application and machine parameters was conducted to get a better understanding of the conditions for foaming applications. The team also looked into old and new applications to gather more detailed insights and develop new markets and opportunities for foamed hot melts.Note de contenu : - Foaming process
- Properties of the adhesive
- Evaluation of the foaming behavior
- Application examples for foamed adhesives : Filter - White goods - Mattresses
- Fig. 1 : Schematic diagram of the foaming process
- Fig. 2 : Hot melt filled with small gas bubbles
- Fig. 3 : Unfoamed and foamed Vestoplast under 125x magnification — without gas and with 65% gas
- Fig. 4 : Foamibility of different polymers
- Fig. 5 : Comparison of foaming behavior of different Vestoplast grades at 150°C
- Fig. 6 : Automotive filters with hot melt adhesive lines made of Vestoplast 703 with different foam concentrations: increasing gas content / decreasing polymer content
- Fig. 7 : Use of foamed hot melts for mattresses
- Table 1 : Technical details of selected Vestoplast gradesEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZKqLbphrQ2aPPCXBakl4yOJvRMVrvm0U/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=34253
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 21761 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible High-performance sulphate-free cleansers : Surface activity, foaming and rheology / Kelly Yorke in INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Vol. 43, N° 6 (12/2021)
[article]
Titre : High-performance sulphate-free cleansers : Surface activity, foaming and rheology Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Kelly Yorke, Auteur ; Andrei Potanin, Auteur ; Suzanne Jogun, Auteur ; Andre Morgan, Auteur ; Hongwei Shen, Auteur ; Samiul Amin, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 636-652 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Alkyl oléfine sulfonate
Alkyl polyglycosides
Moussage (chimie)
Produits nettoyants
Rhéologie
Rhéomètres
Sulfates -- Suppression ou remplacement
Surfactants
Tension superficielle
ViscoélasticitéIndex. décimale : 668.5 Parfums et cosmétiques Résumé : - Objective : The main objective of this paper is to analyse the composition of a sulphate-free binary or ternary surfactant system with alkyl olefin sulfonate (AOS), alkyl polyglucoside (APG) and lauryl hydroxysultaine (Sultaine). The composition was optimized by observing critical parameters such as surface activity and rheological properties while varying the concentration of APG in a ternary system, varying the ratio of AOS and Sultaine in a binary system and studying the effect of sodium chloride addition. The experimental results can provide an alternative, sulphate-free surfactant system to replace the common system containing sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) and cocamidopropyl betaine (CapB), without compromising on the parameters previously mentioned.
- Methods : A DuNouy Ring was utilized on a tensiometer to measure the surface tension of the samples. To observe foaming abilities of samples, a visual foaming study was conducted and recorded by taking pictures. A TA instruments mechanical rheometer was used to measure the viscosity.
- Results : Studying the effect of APG concentration on surface tension illustrated that as APG concentration decreases, surface tension decreases as well. The minimum surface tension was found to be 26.587 for 7.5 wt.% AOS and 7.5 wt.% Sultaine. When the ratio between AOS and Sultaine changed, the 1:1 system produced the lowest surface tension value again. As the concentration of AOS decreased in the ratio, the surface tension increased. When the ratio was held constant, and APG was introduced into the system, the systems containing APG had higher surface tension values compared with the systems with the same ratios but did not have APG added. As the concentration of salt increased, the surface tension decreased for AOS, increased for the binary mixture and had no effect on Sultaine. Foaming has a direct correlation with surface tension so a decrease in surface tension led to better foaming abilities; therefore, the 1:1 ratio of AOS:Sultaine had the best foaming qualities. The AOS/Sultaine system exhibited Maxwellian behaviour, suggesting the presence of worm-like micellar structures. As the concentration of APG increased, the viscosity decreased and at a concentration of 2.5 wt.% AOS, 5 wt.% APG and 7.5 wt.% Sultaine, the system changed from shear thinning non-Newtonian fluid to Newtonian. Varying the ratio of AOS:Sultaine in the binary system, showed as the ratio changed, the viscosity decreased, and at a ratio of 1:3 AOS:Sultaine, the system was primarily Newtonian. As the ratio remained constant and APG was added, the viscosity continued to decrease and the 1:3 ratio was completely Newtonian. The addition of salt had no effect on the viscosity of Sultaine, but the viscosity of AOS increased at a salt concentration of 2 wt.%. The binary mixture saw as the concentration of salt increased, the viscosity profile decreased, even though the system remained non-Newtonian and shear thinning.
- Conclusion : The surface activity and rheological study of the sulfate-free surfactant systems unveil a strong synergistic interaction between AOS and Sultaine specifically at a ratio of 1:1 resulting in high surface activity and corresponding good foaming and formation of entangled wormlike micelles resulting in excellent viscosity build in the system. If introducing a biobased surfactant into this system is desired without completely compromising the performance properties, the ternary surfactant system 4.5 wt.% AOS, 3 wt.% APG and 7.5 wt.% Sultaine should be considered optimal. Any further addition of APG or changing the ratio results in detrimental reductions of all performance controlling physio-chemical parameters.Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Materials - Sample preparation - Surface tension - Foaming - Mechanical rheology
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Surface activity : Surface tension at air–water interface and impact on foaming - Rheological properties
- Table 1 : Composition of Samples, Varying the Amount of APG present
- Table 2 : Compositions of samples, varying the ratio of AOS:Sultaine
- Table 3 : Compositions of samples, varying the amount of salt presentDOI : https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12740 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cPvP9X2TckezNRY1s0pXlWixQ-eDmdd7/view?usp=shari [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=37046
in INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE > Vol. 43, N° 6 (12/2021) . - p. 636-652[article]Exemplaires
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité aucun exemplaire High-pressure preform foam blow molding / L. H. Mark in INTERNATIONAL POLYMER PROCESSING, Vol. XXXII, N° 5 (11/2017)
[article]
Titre : High-pressure preform foam blow molding Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : L. H. Mark, Auteur ; R. K. M. Chu, Auteur ; G.-L. Wang, Auteur ; Chul B. Park, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 637-647 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Homopolymères
Matières plastiques -- Moulage par soufflage
Moussage (chimie)
Mousses plastiques
PolypropylèneIndex. décimale : 668.4 Plastiques, vinyles Résumé : Recently, several companies have started to use the foaming technology in blow molding processes, primarily in extrusion blow molding. Despite the design complexity involved in the preform blow molding method, substantial advantages result when microcellular foaming and blow molding are combined. In preform and extrusion blow molding, the preform (i. e., the parison) undergoes significant biaxial stress during the inflation stage. Since either extensional or shear stress can dramatically improve cell nucleation, an externally applied stress can cause small-scale, local pressure variations throughout the sample, thus reducing the energy barrier for cell nucleation. So, unlike the current low-pressure foam blow molding technology, where cell nucleation occurs before inflating the preform/parison, we used a high-pressure system to prevent premature foaming in the shaping stage. Consequently, cell nucleation was induced after biaxial stresses were created to induce a higher cell density. Note de contenu : - INTRODUCTION : Microcellular foaming - Blow molding - Foam blow molding
- PROCESS DESIGN
- EXPERIMENTAL SECTION : Materials - Equipment - Processing conditionsDOI : 10.3139/217.3537 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/15qjd2FS5uVAcGzXf9tfVIoIdPORFqPM_/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=29430
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 19371 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Pizza foaming - a delicious study from Naples / Emilia di Lorenzo in PLASTICS INSIGHTS, Vol. 113, N° 6 (2023)
[article]
Titre : Pizza foaming - a delicious study from Naples : High-pressure foaming of thermosets Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Emilia di Lorenzo, Auteur ; Pietro Renato Avallone, Auteur ; Paolo Laccarino, Auteur ; Rossana Pasquino, Auteur ; Nino Grizzuti, Auteur ; Ernesto Di Maio, Auteur Année de publication : 2023 Article en page(s) : p. 42-45 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Moussage (chimie)
Mousses plastiques
Polyuréthanes
ThermodurcissablesIndex. décimale : 668.4 Plastiques, vinyles Résumé : At the University of Naples Federico II scientists tested a new foaming method on a special thermosetting polymer : pizza dough. This is a very complex viscoelastic heterogeneous polymeric mixture that forms bubbles in several hours thanks to the presence of the biochemical blowing agent yeast. The dough cures in the oven at 300 to 400 °C in a few tens of seconds. Possibility to concomitantly foam and bake, reducing the overall timing, is explored through comparison with the much faster polyurethane foaming. Note de contenu : - Manufacture of Polyurethane Foams
- Gas Foaming for Higher Insulating Performances
- Separation of the Two Key Foaming Stages
- The Case of Pizza Dough
- Fig. 1 : A new foaming method was tested on a special thermosetting polymer : pizza dough
- Fig. 2 : The specially designed autoclave for testing a full-size pizza, 25 cm in diameter
- Fig. 3 : Measuring results of the pizza test
- Fig. 4 : First tests were successfully carried out with laboratory equipment on small dough balls of 1 cm diameter, cooked and foamed in 4 min at 137 °C and pressures up to 6 bar
- Fig. 5 : Comparison between standard PU and high-pressure PUEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/18PxMDBZzKiwxGMsuRLnGdqLjjxDmvL4R/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39993
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 24151 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Polyurethanes moving with the times / Florian Kessler in KUNSTSTOFFE INTERNATIONAL, Vol. 108, N° 10 (10/2018)
PermalinkRheology and foaming of long-chain branched ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer and its blends / E. Nishi in INTERNATIONAL POLYMER PROCESSING, Vol. XXXIII, N° 2 (05/2018)
PermalinkA study on characteristics of lightweight split leather using foam technology / Eun-Chul Shin in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 107, N° 2 (03-04/2023)
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PermalinkSustainable alternative to petroleum-based systems / Robert Ruckle in EUROPEAN COATINGS JOURNAL (ECJ), (07-08/2024)
PermalinkThe new process for lightweight foaming / Szych, Pawel in KUNSTSTOFFE INTERNATIONAL, Vol. 107, N° 9 (09/2017)
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