Hide puller damage and the vertical fiber defect / A. L. Everett in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXIII (Année 1978)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXIII (Année 1978) . - p. 537-542 Titre : Hide puller damage and the vertical fiber defect Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : A. L. Everett, Auteur ; David G. Bailey, Auteur ; Mary V. Hannigan, Auteur Année de publication : 1978 Article en page(s) : p. 537-542 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Analyse de dommages (matériaux) Peaux brutes -- Détérioration Peaux brutes -- Extraction -- Appareils et matériels Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : One of the many ways of increasing efeciency in the meat packing industry has been the substitution of hide pulling machines for the old method of hand flaying with knives. Several distinctly different types of machines and procedures have been developed for bide removal. It was estimated in 1972 that 75 percent of United States hides were removed with pullers. This has resulted in a general improvement in hide quality due to a significant decrease in hutcher cuts. However, this procedure, especially with the newer "clown puller," can exert so much force that it could cause considerable grain-crack damage at various hide locations. This damage ("grain break") was described and illustrated in a pamphlet issued by the Tanners' Hide Bureau in 1972. Tancous also pointed out that, while hide pulling machines greatly reduced the damage from flay cuts, they may introduce new damage from grain cracks. Proper handling and adjustment of machines have been shown to minimize this problem. Some packers and hide dealers feel that hides identified as Hereford hy their hair color may be the most troublesome in this respect. If so, then perhaps the weakness caused by the vertical liber defect, which occurs most frequently in these Hereford-type hides, may be responsible. A packer with this thought in mind offered to cooperate with us to obtain further information. Note de contenu : - Table 1 : Defective sides : puller damage and leather strength - Table 2 : Normal sides : puller damage and leather strength - Table 3 : Leather from selected hides : puller damage and defect En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uU6sW3_aUHT6N7rrsuowqYWmNsu30awB/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=41166 [article]

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Histological analysis of the skin dermal components in bovine hides stored under different conditions / S. Montelli in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CX, N° 2 (02/2015)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CX, N° 2 (02/2015) . - p. 54-61 Titre : Histological analysis of the skin dermal components in bovine hides stored under different conditions Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : S. Montelli, Auteur ; L. Corain, Auteur ; B. Cozzi, Auteur ; A. Peruffo, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p. 54-61 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Cuirs et peaux -- Conservation Cuirs et peaux de bovins Peau -- Histologie Peaux brutes -- Détérioration Statistique Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The goal of the present study is to realize a histological study of skin samples to assess the tissue alterations at different periods and under methods of conservation (salting and refrigeration) after the skinning of the animals at the slaughterhouse. The papillary region and the reticular dermis were both analyzed. The dermal components considered were the number of cell nuclei, the structure of the collagen and elastic fibers, and finally the presence of acidic polysaccharides. Results showed a progressive reduction of cellular nuclei and acid polysaccharides of the dermal layer during the passage of time in all the conditions considered. A moderate decay of collagen bundles was noted in salted hides whereas the elastic fiber networks maintained their organization over the time. No sign of accumulation of non-functional elements or other morphological alterations were observed in the dermis. These findings can be useful for the leather industry for choosing the desired curing and timing conditions to employ during refrigeration or salt-based treatment of the skins. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Animal and specimen collection - Histological staining - Expert grader assessment for histological analysis - Statistical analysis - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Grain leather - Reticular dermis - Statistical analysis En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sRDyeyiJKzEYViIJ3ybdS1tuoRpzOwec/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=23200 [article]

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Influence des caractères, du mode et de la durée de conservation de la peau brute sur sa dégradation par la pronase / A. Magat in TECHNICUIR, N° 7 (08-09/1973)  

[article]  inTECHNICUIR > N° 7 (08-09/1973) . - p. 56-58 Titre : Influence des caractères, du mode et de la durée de conservation de la peau brute sur sa dégradation par la pronase Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : A. Magat, Auteur ; G. Ranc, Auteur ; P. Brouillet, Auteur Année de publication : 1973 Article en page(s) : p. 56-58 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Français (fre) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux de bovins Enzymes protéolytiques Une enzyme protéolytique est une enzyme capable de couper une protéine en plusieurs fragments ou peptides. La trypsine, la papaïne, la pepsine, la chymotrypsine, la plasmine, la subtilisine... sont capables de couper une protéine, chaque enzyme étant spécifique de certains sites particuliers de cette protéine. C'est ainsi, par exemple, qu'une immunoglobuline G est découpée par la papaïne en un fragment Fc et deux fragments Fab, comme l'a montré Porter en 1959. Peaux brutes -- Détérioration Pronase Qualité -- Contrôle Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : L'action de la pronase sur trois catégories de peau (veau léger, veau extra lourd ou vache) conservées par le froid ou le sel pendant des durées variables de 3 à 49 semaines en milieu aseptique à pH 6,5 en tampon acétate de pyridinium, et en présence de chlorure de calcium 0,4M se traduit par une digestion progressive et une dissolution de 10% à 20% du collagène présent dans l'échantillon initial de peau. Il n'a pas été possible de mettre en évidence une différence interprétable suivant la durée et le mode de conservation. La peau de vache résiste beaucoup mieux à l'attaque par la pronase que les peaux d'animaux plus jeunes. Note de contenu : - Principe du test d'hydrolyse par la pronase - Matériel - Méthode - Réactifs - Technique - Résultats - Analyse statistique En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1M88oTJwByuCMxuSXEcMnCuZSFE1mmSQT/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=22789 [article]

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Molecular identification of moderately halophilic bacteria and extremely halophilic archaea isolated from salted sheep skins containing red and yellow discolorations / C. Akpolat in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CX, N° 7 (07/2015)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CX, N° 7 (07/2015) . - p. 211-220 Titre : Molecular identification of moderately halophilic bacteria and extremely halophilic archaea isolated from salted sheep skins containing red and yellow discolorations Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : C. Akpolat, Auteur ; Antonio Ventosa, Auteur ; Meral Birbir, Auteur ; Cristina Sánchez-Porro, Auteur ; Pinar Caglayan, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p. 211-220 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Bactéries -- Identification Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Cuirs et peaux de moutons Décoloration Peaux brutes -- Détérioration Peaux brutes -- Salage Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Salted hides or skins containing red and yellow discolorations have been examined for many years, but much less information is available about the isolation and molecular techniques for identifying moderately halophilic bacteria and extremely halophilic archaea on the salted sheep skins exhibiting these blotches. The deteriorated salted sheep skins were collected from a warehouse in Spain. Moderately halophilic bacteria and extremely halophilic archaea were isolated from these samples and molecular identification of these microorganisms were performed using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Total cell counts of moderately halophilic bacteria and extremely halophilic archaea were found as 105-108 CFU/g and 105-107 CFU/g, respectively. According to comparative partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, Alkalibacillus halophilus, Pseudomonas halophila, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Alkalibacillus salilacus, Salimicrobium salexigens, Marinococcus luteus and Staphylococcus equorum subsp. equorum belonging to moderately halophilic bacteria; and Halorubrum tebenquichense, Halorubrum saccharovorum, Halococcus dombrowskii, Halococcus qingdaonensis, Natrinema pellirubrum, Halococcus morrhuae, Halorubrum kocurii, Halorubrum terrestre, Halorubrum lipolyticum, Halostagnicola larsenii, Haloterrigena saccharevitans and Natrinema versiforme belonging to extremely halophilic archaea were isolated from these sheep skins. Alkalibacillus halophilus belonging to moderately halophilic bacteria and Halorubrum tebenquichense belonging to extremely halophilic archaea were found as the most common species on the skins. Among the moderately halophilic bacterial isolates, Acinetobacter johnsonii showed lipolytic activities. Among the extremely halophilic archaeal isolates, Halococcus dombrowskii, Halococcus morrhuae, Natrinema pellirubrum, Halorubrum lipolyticum showed proteolytic activity and Halococcus dombrowskii, Halorubrum lipolyticum, Haloterrigena saccharevitans, Natrinema versiforme showed lipolytic activity. Hair slip, red and yellow discolorations, slimy layers and bad odor were detected on the skin samples examined. This study confirmed that salted sheep skins were contaminated by preservation salt containing different proteolytic or lipolytic species of mostly extremely halophilic archaea. Therefore, antimicrobial applications during brine curing of skins should be applied to overcome halophilic microbial damage on the salted skins. Note de contenu : - Collection of salted skins - Determination of pH values of the salted skins - Determination of moisture content of the salted skins - Determination of total bacterial population of moderately halohilic bacteria and extremely halophilic archaea on the skin samples - Morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics of the isolates - Determination of protease activity - Determination of lipase production - Phylogenetic analysis - Nucleotide accession En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_NYcWNCVWPoaRDNsUI_pJ6gxrv5e2xHc/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24374 [article]

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Preservation of bovine hide using less salt with low concentration of antiseptic, Part I : effectiveness of developed formulations / Majher I. Sarker in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXIII, N° 1 (01/2018)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXIII, N° 1 (01/2018) . - p. 12-18 Titre : Preservation of bovine hide using less salt with low concentration of antiseptic, Part I : effectiveness of developed formulations Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Majher I. Sarker, Auteur ; Wilbert Long, Auteur ; Cheng-Kung Liu, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p. 12-18 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Bactéries -- Comptage Chlorure de sodium -- Suppression ou remplacement Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Cuirs et peaux -- Conservation Cuirs et peaux de bovins Cytométrie de flux Formulation (Génie chimique) Hydratation Microscopie Peaux brutes -- Détérioration Tests d'efficacité Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Bovine raw hides are commercially cured either with high salt concentration of about half the weight of actual hide or 95% saturated brine solution. This conventional technique is very popular due to the availability of common salt (sodium chloride) and its cost-effective procedure but it generates a huge pollution problem increasing salinity. As a result, an alternative method of using less or no salt for hide preservation needs to be developed. For the preservation of hide it is essential to arrest microbial attack on hide as the main constituent of raw hide is protein which is very susceptible for bacterial degradation. Such bacterial degradation leads to the putrefaction of raw hide before converting them into leather. Agricultural Research Services scientists at Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, have developed antiseptic based formulations for hide curing where only 45% saturated brine solution is used. The newly developed formulations have been found more effective in limiting microbial growth for a longer time on cured skin than the regular brine process and thus preserve hides for more than 30 days. In-process analysis of cured hides during storage period reveals the compatibility of the alternative curing process in comparison to the traditional method. Therefore, this new development will not only preserve hide through better protection from microorganisms but also offers improved conservation of the environment. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials - Protocol for the alternative hide preservation - Efficiency analysis of the developed formulations in limiting microbial growth - Determination of water activity and moisture content - Determination of bacterial count - Texture analysis of the cured hides - Scanning electron microscope studies (SEM) - Rehydration of cured hides - Hide degradation analysis - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Efficacy tests for the developed formulations - Bacterial count in cured hides - Texture analysis - Microscopie analysis of cured hides - Rehydration studies - Physical changes of the cured hides En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1j7WnpJKjBtDWbWzwGFVUqSFb3S3d1HVN/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=29747 [article]

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