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The thermal and non-thermal effects of microwave in the chrome tanning process / Jinwei Zhang in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 104, N° 2 (03-04/2020)
[article]
Titre : The thermal and non-thermal effects of microwave in the chrome tanning process Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jinwei Zhang, Auteur ; Wuyong Chen, Auteur ; Carmen Gaidau, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 98-104 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Caractérisation
Cuir -- Teneur en chrome trivalent
Eaux usées -- Analyse
Industrie -- Pollution -- Lutte contre
Micro-ondes
PermittivitéLa permittivité, plus précisément permittivité diélectrique, est une propriété physique qui décrit la réponse d'un milieu donné à un champ électrique appliqué.
C'est une propriété macroscopique, essentielle de l'électrostatique, ainsi que de l‘électrodynamique des milieux continus. Elle intervient dans de nombreux domaines, notamment dans l’étude de la propagation des ondes électromagnétiques, et en particulier la lumière visible et les ondes utilisées en radiodiffusion.
On la retrouve donc en optique, via l'indice de réfraction. Les lois gérant la réfraction et la réflexion de la lumière y font appel.
Poudre de cuir
Tannage au chromeIndex. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Microwave power is an effective and energy-saving heating resource. When microwave power is used to assist in leather making, the leather always shows better performances. In order to apply microwave in chrome tanning further and explain the detailed effects of microwave in the process, the hide powder chrome tanning process was warmed by water bath heating (WB) and microwave irradiation (MW). After tanning, the pH, conductivity, dielectric constant and chrome content of tanning effluents were tested. Meanwhile, DSC, TG, FTIR and XPS were used to determine the thermal behaviours, collagen conformation and product structure of chrome tanned hide powders.
Through comparing the similarities and differences between WB and MW samples, the results showed that the pH and chrome content of WB effluents were larger than those from MW while the conductivity and dielectric constants were smaller. On aspects of chrome-tanned hide powders, MW samples had higher Cr203 content, denaturation temperature and enthalpy as well as better thermal resistance. However, the collagen's fundamental structure, conformation and pattern of combination between collagen and chromium for MW samples were almost same as for WB. In sum, both a thermal effect and a non-thermal effect existed when microwave power was used as heating resource in chrome tanning, and both promoted the tanning process and other effects together.
The higher chrome exhaustion, better thermal behaviour of products was achieved under microwave irradiation and caused by non-thermal effect without any negative effect on leather structure or changes to the tanning mechanism. The achievements in the work might be an important hint and reference for applying microwave power in chrome tanning to diminish pollution and in improving leather properties.Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES : Materials - Tanning processes - Determination methods - Hide powder chrome content measurement
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Influence of microwave on tanning effluent - Influence of microwave on chrome-tanned hide powderEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WSTjkaUG2PimwPislygIh4SLxodWiJVK/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33915
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 104, N° 2 (03-04/2020) . - p. 98-104[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 21654 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible The use of trisodium nitrilo triacetate in the pad–steam dyeing of cotton with reactive dyes / Awais Khatri in COLORATION TECHNOLOGY, Vol. 129, N° 1 (02/2013)
[article]
Titre : The use of trisodium nitrilo triacetate in the pad–steam dyeing of cotton with reactive dyes Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Awais Khatri, Auteur ; Rajiv Padhye, Auteur ; Max White, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p. 76-81 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Bases (chimie)
Colorants réactifs
CotonLe coton est une fibre végétale qui entoure les graines des cotonniers "véritables"(Gossypium sp.), un arbuste de la famille des Malvacées. Cette fibre est généralement transformée en fil qui est tissé pour fabriquer des tissus. Le coton est la plus importante des fibres naturelles produites dans le monde. Depuis le XIXe siècle, il constitue, grâce aux progrès de l'industrialisation et de l'agronomie, la première fibre textile du monde (près de la moitié de la consommation mondiale de fibres textiles).
Eaux usées -- Analyse
Electrolytes
Essais dynamiques
Résistance au lavage
Teinture -- Fibres textiles
Traction (mécanique)
Trisodium nitrilotriacétateIndex. décimale : 667.3 Teinture et impression des tissus Résumé : This paper presents results on the use of trisodium nitrilo triacetate, a biodegradable alkaline organic salt, for pad–steam dyeing of cotton with reactive dyes as a replacement for conventionally used inorganic electrolyte and alkali. Two widely used dyes, CI Reactive Red 147 and CI Reactive Blue 250, were used in the study. The colour yield, dye fixation and ultimate colour fastness achieved by using trisodium nitrilo triacetate were closely comparable with those obtained by using inorganic electrolyte and alkali. The tensile breaking force and wrinkle recovery angle of the dyed fabrics were also measured and were slightly improved when using organic salt. Additionally, the dyeing effluent showed reductions in total dissolved solids content with trisodium nitrilo triacetate. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Cotton fabric - Dyes and chemicals - Pad-steam dyeing - Washing - Colour yield and dye fixation - Colour fastness and tensile testing of dyed fabrics - Effluent analysis - The pH of dyed fabric after steamming
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Effect of inorganic electrolyte concentration - Effect of inorganic alkali concentration - Effect of trisodium NTA concentration - Trisodium NTA as an alkali for dye fixation - Effect of steaming time using trisodium NTA - Comparison of dyeings using tridosium NTA and inorganic chemicalsDOI : 10.1111/j.1478-4408.2012.00410.x En ligne : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1478-4408.2012.00410.x/pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17190
in COLORATION TECHNOLOGY > Vol. 129, N° 1 (02/2013) . - p. 76-81[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 14552 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Thermal sensitive agents for making stimuli responsive leathers / Jaya Prakash Alla in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXV, N° 12 (12/2020)
[article]
Titre : Thermal sensitive agents for making stimuli responsive leathers Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jaya Prakash Alla, Auteur ; Nishad Fathima Nishter, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 459-469 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Analyse spectrale
Caractérisation
Colorimétrie
Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés organoleptiques
Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés physiques
Eaux usées -- Analyse
Granulométrie
Matériaux intelligents
Matériaux sensibles aux stimulis
Polyacryliques
SyntansIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Herein, we report the synthesis and application of a smart polymeric acrylic syntan (synthetic tanning material), which can respond to temperature and pH. Behavior of polymer at different pH (1-10) at room temperature (28°C) was studied. Also interactions with collagen were ascertained in order to understand the polymers’ response towards secondary structures of collagen. Leather made using the experimental syntan demonstrated higher temperature resistance of 3±0.5°C compared to control syntan treated leathers (1±0.5°C) when exposed to heat under artificial simulation. Experimental leathers exhibited better strength and organoleptic properties. These smart leathers find its application in extreme climatic conditions of heat or cold. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL SECTION : Materials - Preparation of thermoresponsive acrylic syntan - Collagen polymer interaction studies - Characterization of thermoresponsive syntan - Leather processing and syntan application - Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) study of polymer treated leathers - Thermal analysis - Physical strength and organoleptic properties of leather - Effluent parameters
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Characterization of thermoresponsive syntan - Clouding behaviour of thermoresponsive polymer - Polymer interaction with collagen - Application of syntan in leather making - Infrared thermal imaging of syntan treated leathers - Scanning electron microscopy of leathers - Physical testing of leather - Porosity analysis of leather - Color measurement of leather - Organoleptic properties - Wastewater analysis
- Fig. 1 : Particle size distribution of control and experiment (MTP02)
- Fig. 2 : Clouding behaviour of polymer at room temperature
- Fig. 3 : Fourier transform infrated spectroscopy analysis of collagen and collagen-polymer (CP) samples
- Fig. 4 : Circular dichroism spectra for understanding stability of collagen-polymer interactions
- Fig. 5 : Digital images of a) control, c) experimenta, infra-red images of b), control d) experimental syntan treated leather
- Fig. 6 : Scanning electron microscopy images showing grain surface of a) control, b) experimental leathers at 50X, cross section images of c) control and d) experiment at 150x magnification
- Table 1 : Clouding behaviour of the polymer at different pH
- Table 2 : Temperature difference exhibited by control and experimental leathers
- Table 3 : Physical strength properties of control and experimental syntan treated leather
- Table 4 : Color values of control and experimental leathers
- Table 5 : Analysis of waste waterDOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v115i12.4203 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1a7TMFMOQXQr-7hriJSccnrihBn-0sjL_/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=34999
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 22510 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Total degradation or environmental experiment ? / C. Brunner in TENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS, Vol. 37, N° 5/2000 (09-10/2000)
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Titre : Total degradation or environmental experiment ? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : C. Brunner, Auteur ; U. Baumann, Auteur ; E. Pletscher, Auteur ; M. Eugster, Auteur ; St. Gallen, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p. 276-280 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Chimie analytique
Eau -- Pollution
Eau douce
Eaux de surface
Eaux usées -- Analyse
Eaux usées -- Epuration
Eaux usées -- Stations de traitements
Ecotoxicologie
Métabolites
Poissons -- Effets de la pollution de l'eau
Pollution
Salmonidés
Spectrométrie infrarouge
ToxicologieIndex. décimale : 668.1 Agents tensioactifs : savons, détergents Résumé : Owing to the alarming state of health of Salmonidae in many Swiss rivers, effluents of sewage treatment plants were studied. Water-polluting substances were enriched by solid-phase extraction (reversed-phase), isolated and fractionated by thin-layer chromatography using automatic multiple development (AMD). By subsequent biological detection with Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, and Chlorella vulgaris the positions of the toxic substances were verified. The spots were scratched out and eluted, then the toxic substances were analysed by infrared spectroscopy and characterized in comparison with reference spectra. The infrared (IR) spectra of the effluents of the sewage treatment plant resembled strongly those of adducts of ethylene oxide and mono- and diglycerides, adducts of ethylene oxide and hydrogenated castor oil, amphoteric surfactants, and fatty alcohol alkoxylates. To verify the indications of the IR spectra the respective raw materials were subjected to biodegradation in an extended OECD-test 302B and a laboratory trickling filter test. Two of nine substances proved to be totally biodegradable. The refractory intermediates of the seven incompletely degradable substances were obtained through trickling filters, enriched by solid-phase extraction and analysed by infrared spectroscopy. After thin-layer chromatography and subsequent biological detection by Bacillus subtilis, only the trickling filter effluents of the amphoteric surfactants, e.g. cocoamphodiacetate and cocoamphodipropionate showed toxic effects. These substances are often used in shower gels and shampoos. To our knowledge, data on the ecotoxic or biological effects of their refractory compounds are not available. Considering the large amounts of these intermediates in surface water, further studies are necessary. The amounts are considerably larger than, for example, the amounts of drugs or pesticides (although this is not to question at all the problematic nature of drugs and pesticides). From the point of view of preventive environment t protection, substances that are used in large amounts should be completely biodegradable in sewage treatment plants under aerobic conditions. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3231
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 007661 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Transposition of chrome tanning in leather making / Chao Wu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIX, N° 6 (06/2014)
[article]
Titre : Transposition of chrome tanning in leather making Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Chao Wu, Auteur ; Wenhua Zhang, Auteur ; Xuepin Liao, Auteur ; Yunhang Zeng, Auteur ; Bi Shi, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p. 176-183 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Absorption
Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés mécaniques
Eau -- Consommation -- Réduction
Eaux usées -- Analyse
Morphologie (matériaux)
Oxydes de chrome
Post-tannage
Procédés de fabrication
Récupération (Déchets, etc.)
Stabilité hydrothermale
Tannage au chrome
Tannage organique
Wet-white (tannage)Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : To avoid the release of chrome from leather into post tanning effluents and the generation of chrome shavings, an inverse chrome tanning technology based on wet white was investigated. Conventional bated pelt was firstly tanned using an amphoteric organic tanning agent (Tingjiang white tanning agent, TWT) without pickling. Then, the TWT tanned wet white was directly processed with conventional post tanning processes. Chrome tanning was transposed to the end of the post tanning. The wet white had a shrinkage temperature (Ts) around 85°C that met the needs of shaving operation, and did not generate chrome shavings. The Ts and Cr2O3 content of the leather, by using this inverse chrome tanning technology, were higher than those of the conventional chrome tanned leather. With this inverse technology, the chrome output was reduced by 48%, mainly because no chrome was released from leather in post tanning processes. Meanwhile, the volume of chromium-containing wastewater discharged from the inverse processes was barely 31% of that from the conventional processes, which makes it much easier to collect and recover chromium from the effluents. Additionally, the tensile strength, tear strength and general appearances of the leather produced by the inverse technology were comparable to those of the conventional chrome tanned leather. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials - Leather making processes - Analyses of leather properties (Hydrothermal stability - Distribution of chrome in leather - Morphology of leather - Physical properties) - Analyses of effluents (Total organic carbon concentration (TOC) - Concentration of chrome in effluents
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : pH change in leather making processes - Content and distribution of Cr2O3 in leather - Discharge of chrome from leather making processes - Absorption capacity of leathers of retanning and fatliquoring chemicals - Morphology in leathers -Physical properties of leathersEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uviZiCwz4VgYvS-NNEWcomxG72XyP5nM/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=21515
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 16325 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible 16406 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Two stage chrome tanning system (basification in a separate float) influence of organic SO2 reduced chrome tan / Victor John Sundar in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 88, N° 1 (01-02/2004)
PermalinkUsing biodegradable organic salt for cotton garment dyeing to reduce effluent pollution / Ali Raza in COLORATION TECHNOLOGY, Vol. 138, N° 4 (08/2022)
PermalinkWaterborne dimethylolpropionic acid-diisocyanate adducts with alkali-deblockable isocyanate groups as pretanning agent for chrome tanning / Jie Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CX, N° 2 (02/2015)
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