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Investigations into the controlled drying of sheepskins / J. R. Yates in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXI (Année 1966)
[article]
Titre : Investigations into the controlled drying of sheepskins : I. Establishment of the drying characteristics of the system Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : J. R. Yates, Auteur Année de publication : 1966 Article en page(s) : p. 171-188 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Séchage
Cuirs et peaux de moutons
Peaux brutes -- Teneur en eau
Température
Température de retraitIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The drying of sheepskins is followed in a commercial drying estab-lishment in order to ascertain what is the acceptable level of water content in a "dry" skin. A water content (dry weight basis) in the range 14-24 percent is acceptable. The time required to reach this level is found to vary tremendously with the prevailing climatic conditions. On a laboratory scale, the influence of temperature on drying rate is investigated, and from the drying rate curves at the different tempera-tures, the "apparent activation energy" of drying is calculated over the range of water contents investigated. The value of this activation energy is of the order of 5-8 Kcals/mole, and does not vary with the water content of the skin down to about ten percent but thereafter shows a marked rise. It is also dependent on the skin thickness. Drying results in a decreased amount of water uptake and an increase in the amount of extractable nitrogen on subsequent soaking, and an increase in the shrinkage temperature of the skin. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS
- METHODS : Effect of climatic conditions on the drying process - Effect of temperature on draying rate - Effect of degree of drying on extractable nitrogen - Effect of degree of drying on subsequent water uptake - Measurement of shrinkage temperature at different water contents
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Effect of changing climatic conditions on rate of drying - Effect of temperature on rate of drying - Calculation of "apparent activation energy of drying - Effect of degree of drying on subsequent water uptake - Effect of degree of drying on shrinkage temperature
- Table 1 : Actual water loss in Mg./Min. for series 2 skin
- Table 2 : "Apparent activation energies" of drying at different regain levels
- Table 3 : "Apparent activation energies" for low water content
- Table 4 : Analysis of variance of skin thickness and water cotent on "apparent activation energy"
- Table 5 : Extractable nitrogen in Mg/Gm dry WT. of skin, with the water content (d.w.b.)
- Table 6 : Analysis of variance and the industrial regression coefficients for the 15 sets of extractable nitrogen-water content data
- Table 7 : Variation of final water content after soaking for 72 hours at 1°C. With the initial water content
- Table 8 : Analysis of co-variance for the initial and final water contents of the skin samples, and the Bo coefficients for the six positionsEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1F6jLD8P9e_xXLbLTNjE2NbLGjGdH-d8J/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=37941
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXI (Année 1966) . - p. 171-188[article]Exemplaires (1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 008496 - Périodique Archives Documentaires Exclu du prêt Isothermal crystallization on the test stand / Claire Strasser in KUNSTSTOFFE INTERNATIONAL, Vol. 107, N° 1-2 (01-02/2017)
[article]
Titre : Isothermal crystallization on the test stand : Kinetic analysis of isothermal LDPE crystallization using DSC Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Claire Strasser, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 53-56 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Analyse thermique
Cinétique chimique
Cristallisation
Equation cinétique
Mesure
Polyéthylène basse densité
Polymères -- Analyse
TempératureIndex. décimale : 668.4 Plastiques, vinyles Résumé : The crystallinity of plastic and its mechanical properties depend not exclusively on the polymer structure but also on its processing parameters. Differential scanning calorimetry can be used to simulate the behavior of the material in the tool. This is illustrated using LDPE as an example. Note de contenu : - Isothermal crystallization of LDPE
- Derivation of Avrami equation
- Determination of the crystallization kinetics using the DSC curves
- FIGURES : 1. Isothermal crystallization of LDPE at 103°C ; clear separation between cooling and isothermal segment - 2. Isothermal crystallization tests on LDPE at different temperatures - 3. Determination of the individual peak subareas at different time values (measurement at 103,5°C). The interval increase to the next peak subarea is 131s respectively - 4. Crystallization speed of LDPE at different isothermal temperatures - 5. Avrami plots (In[1-α)] in dependency on In[t]) for measurements on LDPE at 103,5°C, 103°C, 102,5°C, and 101,5°C - 6. Correlation between In[k] at four different isothermal crystallization temperatures (shown as 1/T) and linear fit
- TABLES : 1. Results of isothermal crystallization of PE-LD at four different temperatures - 2. Results of p and In[k(T)] for each isothermal temperatureEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1A_w7VUqzZJnekkSD2qnXPNJTYlM39HuS/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=27927
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 18707 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible 18814 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Long-term releasing kinetics of chromium from leather / Wenjun Long in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVI, N° 12 (12/2021)
[article]
Titre : Long-term releasing kinetics of chromium from leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Wenjun Long, Auteur ; Liangqiong Peng, Auteur ; Xiaofeng Jiang, Auteur ; Faming He, Auteur ; Whenhua Zhang, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 435-441 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Composés organiques
Cuir -- teneur en chrome
Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse
Lixiviation
TempératureIndex. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The release of chromium from leather inevitably results in potential risks and this study is conducted to investigate the long-term releasing behavior. The leaching tests proceed using water at solid to liquid ratio of 1:20 and rotational speed 60 r/min for 240 hours to simulate the release of chrome leather under natural conditions. The experimental data successfully fit with the Pseudo-second-order equation, Elovich equation, and Weber-Morris model, indicating the long-term leaching behavior of chromium in heterogeneous leather is controlled by liquid-solid film, while the interparticle and intraparticle diffusion also play important roles. The leachable chromium accounts for 2.8-4.5% total chromium in leather and increases with temperature. The Three-compartment model depicts the releasing process as rapid, slow, and very slow stages, and temperature mainly affected the very slow stage. The amount of released chromium in rapid and slow stages slightly increases with temperature, which could be used to assess the hazard of chrome leather. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Materials and reagents - Experimental method. Leaching experiment - Chromium analysis - The organics released - Scanning electron microscope and differential. Scanning calorimetry - Nitrogen adsorption analysis
- RESULT AND DISCUSSION : Chromium released from leather at various temperatures - Kinetics analysis for Cr release - Elovich equation - The pseudo-second-order rate equation - Three-compartment model
- Table 1 : Coefficients of determination (R2) for the kinetic models of chromium leaching from leather
- Table 2 : The parameters of three-compartment modelDOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i12.4688 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AbRu_t61-UoxZ8fp8hu_K5vf47sLV_an/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=36783
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 23135 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Modification of collagen hydrosylate be edac / Keyong Tang in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 92, N° 1 (01-02/2008)
[article]
Titre : Modification of collagen hydrosylate be edac Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Keyong Tang, Auteur ; Jian Cao, Auteur ; Wang Jintao, Auteur ; Wang Zhongtai, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p. 23-29 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Carbodiimides
Collagène
Emulsification
Emulsions -- Stabilité
Huiles et graisses -- Absorption
Humidité -- Absorption:Eau -- Absorption
Hydrolysats de protéines
Matériaux -- Modifications chimiques
Poids moléculaires
TempératureIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The work in this paper describes the modification of collagen hydrolysate with 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethyl aminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDAC). The effects of factors that may affect the cross-linking reactions in the process of modification such as EDAC level, reaction temperature, reaction time, and pH were studied. The optimal modification conditions were obtained to give modified products with the best emulsification and emulsion stability. Changes in molecular weight, emulsification capacity, emulsification stability, water absorption and oil absorption of the collagen hydrolysate before and after modification were studied and compared. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES : Materials - Determination of molecular weight of collagen hydrolysate - Chemical modification - Determination of emulsification capacity and emulsification stability - Determination of water absorption - Determination of oil absorption - Orthogonal experiment
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Influence of EDAC level on emulsification capacity, emulsification stability and molecular weight - Influence of pH on emulsification capacity, emulsification stability and molecular weight - Influence of reaction time on emulsification capacity, emulsification stability and molecular weight - Influence of reaction temperature on emulsification capacity, emulsification stability and molecular weight - Orthogonal Tests - Changes of molecular weight and functional properties of collagen hydrolysate before and after modification
- Table 1 : Levels of factors in orthogonal tests
- Table 2 : Design and results of orthogonal tests
- Table 3 : Several functional properties of collagen hydrolysate before and after modification with EDACEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1nALamChUCcdYL4y5zofFJjVkmiQw_inM/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=38918
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 92, N° 1 (01-02/2008) . - p. 23-29[article]Moisture permeability of sheepskin : variation by the factors of temperature and humidity in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 104, N° 5 (09-10/2020)
[article]
Titre : Moisture permeability of sheepskin : variation by the factors of temperature and humidity Type de document : texte imprimé Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 240-243 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse
Cuirs et peaux de moutons
Humidité
Perméabilité
TempératureIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Sheepskin is one of the most comfortable natural leathers to wear and its softness and comfort are far greater than that of other leathers. Moisture permeability is one of the important factors affecting the comfort of sheepskin and the main external factors affecting moisture permeability are temperature and humidity. This paper studies the influence of temperature and humidity in the environment on the moisture permeability of sheepskin. Through the moisture permeability experiment, based on the measured data, the single influence of two factors on the moisture permeability of sheepskin was first quantitatively analysed and then the comprehensive influence of the two factors on the moisture permeability of sheepskin was analysed by using the least square principle. Matlab software was used to fit the three-dimensional surface and construct the regression curve equation between the three surfaces. The results showed that, the higher the environment temperature, the better the moisture permeability of sheepskin. When the humidity is from 60% to 74%, the moisture permeability of sheepskin decreased slowly; when the humidity increased to 76%, the moisture permeability is at the minimum; after the humidity reaches 76%, the moisture permeability increased gradually with the increase of humidity. After calculation, the comprehensive influence curve equation of environmental temperature and humidity on moisture permeability of sheepskin is obtained as follows:
z = -0.001613x2 + 0.06067x + 0.008895xy + 8.664y2 - 12.18y + 3.924Note de contenu : - RELATED THEORIES : Moisture permeability - Principle of least squares
- EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE : Materials - Tools and instruments
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Influence of temperature on the moisture permeability of sheepskin - Influence of humidity on the moisture permeability of sheepskin - Comprehensive analysis of the influence of temperature and humidity on moisture permeability of sheepskinEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1UFogslNqjEF-mVDdvLBQ1E7aCIC4Wz0f/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=34525
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