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Ammonia nitrogen in tannery wastewater : distribution, origin and prevention / Yanan Wang in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVII, N° 2 (02/2012)
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Titre : Ammonia nitrogen in tannery wastewater : distribution, origin and prevention Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Yanan Wang, Auteur ; Yunhang Zeng, Auteur ; Xiaowei Chai, Auteur ; Xuepin Liao, Auteur ; Qiang He, Auteur ; Bi Shi, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p. 40-49 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Eaux usées -- Analyse
Eaux usées -- Teneur en azote ammoniacal
Travail de rivière (cuir)Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Tannery wastewater usually contains a high content of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), which increases the difficulty of wastewater treatment. The objective of this work is to investigate the distribution of NH3-N in wastewaters from beamhouse processes and analyze the origin of NH3-N in each operation, so that the strategies that can reduce NH3-N at the origin could be suggested. Not surprisingly, the results demonstrate that NH3-N mainly concentrates in deliming and bating wastewaters due to the addition of ammonium salts in these two operations. This problem can be solved by using non-ammonia deliming and bating agents. A small quantity of NH3-N arises from washing and soaking processes because of decomposition of proteins by microorganisms. But the NH3-N in washing and soaking wastewaters may considerably increase when skins are badly preserved or the microorganisms in soaking float are not properly inhibited. Therefore, the effective antibacterial measures are important to diminish the production of NH3-N in beamhouse processes. As for unhairing/liming process, NH3-N in wastewater is mainly originated from hydrolysis of proteins, such as keratin and collagen, by strong alkali. Hair-saving unhairing and pelt swelling under milder conditions favor the decrease of NH3-N discharge. In fact, the amount of organic nitrogen released from washing, soaking and liming processes is much more than NH3-N. The experimental results indicate that the organic nitrogen mainly results from non-collagen proteins and their hydrolysates. This means the discharge of organic nitrogen is difficult to be avoided, and it may constitute a threat to end-of-pipe treatment of NH3-N. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials - Determination of NH3-N in beamhouse wastewaters - Determination of NH3- content in leather chemicals - Effect of curing time on NH3-N concentration in washing wastewater - Effect of soaking time on NH3-N concentration in soaking wastewater - Analysis of origin of NH3-N in unhairing/liming wastewater - Effect of reliming time on NH3-N concentration in reliming wastewater - Determination of TN and hydroxyproline in beamhouse wastewaters - Analysis of origin of TN in unhairing/liming wastewater - Analysis of origin of TN in deliming wastewater - Analytical methods : Ammonia nitrogen - Total nitrogen - Hydroxyproline
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Distribution of NH3-N in wastewaters of pig skin beamhouse processes - Distribution of NH3-N in wastewaters of cattle hide beamhouse processes - Origin of NH3-N in initial washing and soaking wastewaters - Origin of NH3-N in unhairing/liming wastewater - Origin of NH3-N in reliming wastewater - Relationship between TN and NH3-N in beamhouse wastewatersEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/12alRCA2Lr5eBz6sPv3YF4X4vui_ZBxhV/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=13569
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CVII, N° 2 (02/2012) . - p. 40-49[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 13693 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible 13824 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Biodegradability of wastewater from enzymatic soaking and unhairing processes in leather Manufacture / Qiang He in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CI, N° 6 (06/2006)
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Titre : Biodegradability of wastewater from enzymatic soaking and unhairing processes in leather Manufacture Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Qiang He, Auteur ; Bi Shi, Auteur ; Danhong Sun, Auteur ; Kai Yao, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p. 217-222 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Enzyme-treating processes in leather making are usually considered as 'clean technology' in terms of the reduction of pollutants in wastewater. The objective of this study is to investigate the biodegradability of the wastewater collected from enzyme-treating processes. It is of great significance to characterize the pollution properties of this kind of wastewater, and to provide a reference for the biological treatment of such wastewater in effluent treating yard of tannery. The research was typified by enzymatic soaking and unhairing (ESU) processes which are encouraged to be used in leather manufacture for reducing environmental impact. The biodegradability of ESU wastewater before and after settling treatment was investigated, in comparison with that of wastewater collected from conventional soaking and unhairing (CSU) processes. It was found that ESU wastewater had better biodegradability than CSU wastewater. The biodegradation extent of ESU and CSU wastewaters reached 58.5% and 37.7% respectively in 20 days of naturally biodegrading process. Moreover, it was found that, in the presence of activated sludge, 65.5% of the total oxygen-consuming materials in ESU wastewater is biodegradable, while the value of CSU wastewater is 58.2%. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jZAGItlsni_ZwfJIUXM0-ZesKVySf49O/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3998
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 005099 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Characteristics of leather tanned with Nano-SIO2 / Haojun Fan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. C, N° 1 (01/2005)
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Titre : Characteristics of leather tanned with Nano-SIO2 Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Haojun Fan, Auteur ; Biyu Peng, Auteur ; Qiang He, Auteur ; Bi Shi, Auteur ; Ling Li, Auteur Année de publication : 2005 Article en page(s) : p. 22-28 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : A nano-precusor which can, in-situ, produce nano-SiO2 under particular triggering condition was introduced into leather to improve the hydrothermal stability. In order to elucidate the reaction of nano-SiO2 with proteinand how it influences the properties of the protein, collagen was used as a model in a detailed investigation. The results from FTIR (Infrared) indicated that two new chemical bonds arose during the formation of the organic-inorganic nano-hybrid. One appears to be the reaction between nano-SiO2 formed in-situ by the hydrolysis of tetraethoxy silane and the -C=N-groups of arginine, histidine, and tryptophane in the backbone of collagen. In a second bond, occurring at the same time as the condensation of silanol proceeds, the pendent hydroxyl groups of collagen may partly react with Si-OH and form a strong interaction between the organic and inorganic phases. These two chemical bonds seem to contribute to the leather's high hydrothermal stability. The size distribution of nano-SiO2 as determined by Atomic Force Microscopy is approximately 50-80 nm and there appeared to be no agglomeration. Organic-inorganic nano-hybrid can improve the hydrolysis stability of collagen efficiently in the presence of enzyme, acid, and alkali. When the bated pelt is treated with 0.3 wt % nano-SiO2 (based on bated pelt weight), the shrinkage temperature reached above 95°C. Although the mechanical properties of nano-SiO2 tanned leather are inferior to chromium tanned leather, other properties of nano-SiO2 tanned leather, such as yield, grain, fullness and softness together with washability are all superior to chromium tanned leather. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ohLq2CUJ-Oo_mR-8noT-ldL7pN59s7c6/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4087
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 000685 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible A combination tannage based on aluminium and glycine-modified lignosulfonate / Zhou Jian in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 95, N° 5 (09-10/2011)
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Titre : A combination tannage based on aluminium and glycine-modified lignosulfonate Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Zhou Jian, Auteur ; Qiang He, Auteur ; Xuepin Liao, Auteur ; Bi Shi, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p. 204-208 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Aluminium L'aluminium est un élément chimique, de symbole Al et de numéro atomique 13. C’est un métal pauvre, malléable, de couleur argent, qui est remarquable pour sa résistance à l’oxydation13 et sa faible densité. C'est le métal le plus abondant de l'écorce terrestre et le troisième élément le plus abondant après l'oxygène et le silicium ; il représente en moyenne 8 % de la masse des matériaux de la surface solide de notre planète. L'aluminium est trop réactif pour exister à l'état natif dans le milieu naturel : on le trouve au contraire sous forme combinée dans plus de 270 minéraux différents, son minerai principal étant la bauxite, où il est présent sous forme d’oxyde hydraté dont on extrait l’alumine. Il peut aussi être extrait de la néphéline, de la leucite, de la sillimanite, de l'andalousite et de la muscovite.
L'aluminium métallique est très oxydable, mais est immédiatement passivé par une fine couche d'alumine Al2O3 imperméable de quelques micromètres d'épaisseur qui protège la masse métallique de la corrosion. On parle de protection cinétique, par opposition à une protection thermodynamique, car l’aluminium reste en tout état de cause très sensible à l'oxydation. Cette résistance à la corrosion et sa remarquable légèreté en ont fait un matériau très utilisé industriellement.
L'aluminium est un produit industriel important, sous forme pure ou alliée, notamment dans l'aéronautique, les transports et la construction. Sa nature réactive en fait également un catalyseur et un additif dans l'industrie chimique ; il est ainsi utilisé pour accroître la puissance explosive du nitrate d'ammonium.
Analyse thermique
Cuirs et peaux de chèvres
Glycine
Lignosulfonate de calcium
Mannich, Réaction deLa réaction de Mannich est une méthode classique pour la préparation de bêta-aminocétones et aldéhyde (base de Mannich). C'est une étape clé dans la synthèse de nombreux produits pharmaceutiques et naturels.
La réaction de Mannich fait intervenir un aldéhyde ou une cétone énolisable, une amine secondaire, du formaldéhyde, en solution aqueuse d’acide chlorhydrique comme catalyseur. Le produit obtenu est une aminocétone formée par addition sur la cétones d'une molécule de formaldéhyde et d'une molécule d'amine.
TannageIndex. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES : Materials - Preparation of GCL - Characterization of GCL
- AL-GCL COMBINATION TANNAGE : Al tanning - GCL tanning
- DETERMINATION OF LEATHER PROPERTIES
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : H-NMR analysis - Thermal analysis - Al-GCL combination tannage - Physical properties of leather - Mechanism of Al-GCL tannageEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PE4GvgRjj-6ptAml3WUOzolfgTSJRvkD/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=12220
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 13354 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Determination of fatty spew on leather by BG-MS / Yanan Wang in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVI, N° 6 (06/2011)
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Titre : Determination of fatty spew on leather by BG-MS Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Yanan Wang, Auteur ; Xuepin Liao, Auteur ; Qiang He, Auteur ; Bi Shi, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p. 179-183 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Acides gras
Chromatographie en phase gazeuse
Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse
Esters méthyliques
Produits de nourriture du cuir
Spectrométrie de masseIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The composition of fatty spew on leather was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Meanwhile, the volatile substances in the fogging test of leather were identified by GC-MS. With the combination of all the data obtained, it was found that the predominant components of fatty spew were palmitic acid methyl ester, oleic acid methyl ester and stearic acid methyl ester, and their relative content ratio is approximately 8 : 1 : 1. An interesting phenomenon was that no fatty acids are detected in fatty spew although they are commonly regarded as the origin of this defect. These facts strongly suggest that the fatty acid methyl esters existing in fatliquors are the main origin of fatty spew defect in leather, and also one of the probable contributions to fogging. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mOQWty7kBC3ZCOVw9QEGKzDCKlIoWnBS/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=11716
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 16697 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Environmental impact evaluation of typical beamhouse processes in leather manufacture based on wastewater settleability / Qiang He in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. C, N° 12 (12/2005)
PermalinkEvaluation of environmental impact of typical leather chemicals. Part 2 : Biodegradability of organic tanning agents by activated sludge / Danhong Sun in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 92, N° 2 (03-04/2008)
PermalinkEvaluation of environmental impact of typical leather chemicals. Part 3 : Biodegradability of vegetable tannin extracts by activated sludge / Qiang He in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 92, N° 3 (05-06/2008)
PermalinkMolecular dynamic simulation study on the effect of water on the thermal stability of collagen polypeptide / Wenhua Zhang in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIV, N° 7 (07/2009)
PermalinkNon-ammonia deliming using sodium hexametaphosphate and boric acid / Yunhang Zeng in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVI, N° 9 (09/2011)
PermalinkRaw skin wastes - used to prepare a flocculant for the treatment of black liquor for papermaking / Chi Yuanlong in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 95, N° 5 (09-10/2011)
PermalinkRelease of chrome in chrome tanning and post tanning process / Zhou Jian in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 96, N° 4 (07-08/2012)
PermalinkTanning characteristics and tanning mechanism of nano-SiO2 / Haojun Fan in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 88, N° 4 (07-08/2004)
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