[article]
| Titre : |
Pyrolysis of leather trimmings in a fixed bed reactor |
| Type de document : |
texte imprimé |
| Auteurs : |
Ana F. Almeida, Auteur ; Isabel M. Pereira, Auteur ; Paulo Silva, Auteur ; M. Paula Neto, Auteur ; Alfredo C. Crispim, Auteur ; Rosa M. Pilao, Auteur ; Albina M. Ribeiro, Auteur |
| Année de publication : |
2017 |
| Article en page(s) : |
p. 112-120 |
| Note générale : |
Bibliogr. |
| Langues : |
Américain (ame) |
| Catégories : |
Chromatographie en phase gazeuse
Cuirs et peaux -- Déchets
PyrolyseLa pyrolyse est la décomposition ou thermolyse d'un composé organique par la chaleur pour obtenir d'autres produits (gaz et matière) qu'il ne contenait pas. L'opération est réalisée en l'absence d'oxygène ou en atmosphère pauvre en oxygène pour éviter l'oxydation et la combustion (L’opération ne produit donc pas de flamme). Il s'agit du premier stade de transformation thermique après la déshydratation.
Elle permet généralement d'obtenir un solide carboné, une huile et un gaz. Elle débute à un niveau de température relativement bas (à partir de 200 °C) et se poursuit jusqu'à 1 000 °C environ. Selon la température, la proportion des trois composés résultants est différente.
Thermogravimétrie
|
| Index. décimale : |
675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure |
| Résumé : |
The leather industry, in spite of using by-products of the meat industry, is also a potential pollutant, as it generates solid and liquid wastes. In the traditional manufacturing process, chromium may be present in a large part of such wastes. A lot of research has been made in order to find ways to valorize these wastes, although for crust and finishing leather trimmings more work is needed to show their potential. The aim of the present investigation is to create useful products through the pyrolysis of waste leather trimmings. The experiments were performed in a vertical semi-batch reactor with ID of 9.7 cm. The influence of operating temperature (490 – 800°C) and heating rate on the composition and distribution of the different phases (solid, liquid and gas) was studied. The gas and the liquid fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography and FTIR, respectively. The char obtained was characterized in terms of its higher heating value and proximate analysis. In addition, the thermal degradation of the leather waste was followed using thermogravimetric analysis.
As the temperature increased, the yields of char and gas phase decreased and increased, respectively. The yield of the liquid phase was almost constant for 490 and 610°C, and decreased for higher temperatures. The effect of heating rate on the yields of pyrolysis products was almost negligible. The amount of chromium oxide in the char tended to increase with increasing temperatures. The FTIR analysis of bio-oils indicated the presence of phenols and alcohols, alkanes, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and aromatic compounds. GC analysis of the gas phase indicated that CO2 was the most abundant gas at 490°C, while hydrogen presented higher concentrations at bed temperatures of 610, 700 and 800°C. |
| Note de contenu : |
- EXPERIMENTAL : Material - Thermogravimetric analysis - Experimental set-up - Solid, liquid and gas phase characterization
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Thermogravimetric analysis of leather trimmings - Product yields - Characterization of the chars - Liquid phase analysis - Gas composition |
| En ligne : |
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1nQCmIzPsUpQb-Oyd1wGdJHLVA2t3MEPo/view?usp=drive [...] |
| Format de la ressource électronique : |
Pdf |
| Permalink : |
https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=28360 |
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXII, N° 4 (04/2017) . - p. 112-120
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