Carbon footprint and energy balance of biodiesel produced from tannery fleshings / Eylem Kiliç in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIX, N° 9 (09/2014)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CIX, N° 9 (09/2014) . - p. 296-305 Titre : Carbon footprint and energy balance of biodiesel produced from tannery fleshings Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Eylem Kiliç, Auteur ; Rita Puig, Auteur ; Grau Baquero, Auteur ; Gökhan Zengin, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p. 296-305 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Bilan des émissions de gaz à effets de serre Bilan énergétique Biocarburants -- Aspect de l'environnement Carburants diésel Cuirs et peaux -- Déchets -- Recyclage Déchets organiques -- Recyclage Durée de vie (Ingénierie) Tannage -- Déchets Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : This paper analyzes, from a life cycle perspective, the environmental performance of biodiesel obtained from leather industry fleshing waste (BDF). The indicators used for this environmental evaluation are: global warming potential (GWP) and energy return on investment (EROI). The contribution of each process-step in both GWP and EROI was determined. Transesterification of fat to obtain the BDF has been proved to be the most significant step in the process, mainly due to the consumption of methanol. A comparison between BDF and petroleum diesel obtained from non-renewable oil has also been performed using the same indicators. The results show a clear preference for BDF, although data from industrial real plants has to be considered in further works for BDF process to provide more accurate results. Note de contenu : - AIM OF THE STUDY - METHODOLOGY - INVENTORY DATA AND MODELING : Modeling description of BDF process - BDF process inventory data - Fat-drying - Transesterification - BDF washing and drying - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Evaluation of GWP and EROI indexes for BDF process - Environmental comparison between BDF and petroleum diesel - Feasibility discussion En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZWs1C9_dLYIcEhfSIFq3eGbLkFWTuNdj/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=21867 [article]

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Carbon footprint of a tanning company / Eylem Kiliç in LEATHER INTERNATIONAL, Vol. 217, N° 4863 (08/2016)  

[article]  inLEATHER INTERNATIONAL > Vol. 217, N° 4863 (08/2016) . - p. 20-23 Titre : Carbon footprint of a tanning company Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Eylem Kiliç, Auteur ; Rita Puig, Auteur ; Gökhan Zengin, Auteur ; Arife Candas Adigüzel Zengin, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p. 20-23 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Bilan des émissions de gaz à effets de serre Cuirs et peaux -- Industrie -- Aspect de l'environnement Cuirs et peaux -- Industrie -- Turquie Tannage -- Aspect de l'environnement Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Over the past few decades, climate change has evolved into an issue of global concern. The measures taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and the significant and increasing awareness on the environmental impact of the production processes, force leather manufacturers to meet higher environmental standards and improve the sustainability of the leather tanning process. The leather industry is one of the significant sectors of the Turkish economy in terms of industrial production, employment and export earnings. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding a carbon footprint assessment of the Turkish leather industry. It is important to analyse the leather production processes in order to identify the 'hotspots' and environmental improvements that could transform the constraints into opportunities for improving the environmental performances of Turkish tanneries. Considering these aspects, this study aims to provide basic information, and raise awareness of carbon emissions and energy efficiency in Turkish leather production. Note de contenu : - FIGURES : 1. Turkey's electricity mix - 2. Greenhouse gas emission values for each scope - 3. Contribution of different processes considered in Scope 3 to total carbon footprint - 4. Relative contribution of greenhouse gas emissions from different processes to total carbon footprint of Turkish tannery En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1W2yVVNtaYZLalZo0FGHQnhkDypgOWphj/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=26904 [article]

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Skin characteristics of Cervus Elaphus L. from Republic of Tuva in Russia / Urana Dandar in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIX, N° 5 (05/2014)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CIX, N° 5 (05/2014) . - p. 146-153 Titre : Skin characteristics of Cervus Elaphus L. from Republic of Tuva in Russia Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Urana Dandar, Auteur ; Selime Menteş Çolak, Auteur ; Remziye Deveci, Auteur ; Arife Candas Adigüzel Zengin, Auteur ; Gökhan Zengin, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p. 146-153 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Caractérisation Chimie analytique Cuirs et peaux de cerfs Histochimie Morphologie (matériaux) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Characteristics of an animal raw skin are closely related to the physical properties of finished leather obtained from the skin. Although numerous studies have been performed on determination of physical properties of tanned deerskin, characteristics of raw deerskin have not yet been described in literature. In the present study, data on morphological, histochemical and chemical characteristics of wild red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) skins obtained from Republic of Tuva within the Russia Federation are presented and the relevant differences between skins of other animal species described. Table Top Scanning Electron Microscopy (TSEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to determine the morphological characteristics of raw deerskins. For histochemical studies the cross section of skins were observed by Research Microscopy (RM). Hydroxyproline content, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), volatile matter, fat content, water-soluble-matter, sulphated total ash and fatty acid contents of raw deerskins were analyzed to further characterize the chemical composition of deerskin. Deerskin has comparatively higher TKN values, lower fat content with higher unsaturated fatty acid ratio, when compared to sheepskin. TSEM and SEM analysis showed that fur fibers and guard hairs of red deer skin were characterized by large cortex and medulla respectively that provides good isolation properties. In addition, high hydroxyproline content, low fat content, and tightly packed collagen fibers revealed by histochemical observations consolidates the long lasting property of deer skin. Assessment of skin characteristics enabled gathering data on physical and chemical properties of red deer skin, which is significant in choosing appropriate potential raw material that will produce the most suitable leather for a specific application. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials - Methods - Morphological and histochemical investigations of deer skins - Chemical characterization of deer skins - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Morphological and histochemical investigations of deer skins - Chemical analysis En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HUExMNVJrr2S7qawXJdqI7dimEiEjIJC/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=21286 [article]

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The effect of nano polysiloxanes on the permanence of feel touch of finished leathers / Evrim Kadioglu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVII, N° 3 (03/2012)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CVII, N° 3 (03/2012) . - p. 92-101 Titre : The effect of nano polysiloxanes on the permanence of feel touch of finished leathers Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Evrim Kadioglu, Auteur ; Gökhan Zengin, Auteur ; Altan Afsar, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p. 92-101 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Analyse sensorielle Cuir Cuirs et peaux -- Finition Evaluation Nanoparticules Particules (matières) Polydiméthylsiloxane Le polydiméthylsiloxane —[O-Si(CH3)2]n—, ou poly(diméthylsiloxane) selon la nomenclature systématique, communément appelé PDMS ou diméthicone, est un polymère organominéral de la famille des siloxanes souvent présent dans les shampoings. On l'y ajoute pour augmenter le volume des cheveux mais il peut également aller boucher les pores du cuir chevelu et rendre les cheveux gras. C'est une des raisons pour lesquelles se laver les cheveux tous les jours est très déconseillé avec un shampooing contenant des silicones. Il existe également de l'amodiméthicone, qui est un dérivé du diméthicone. Le polydiméthylsiloxane est un additif alimentaire (E900), utilisé comme antimoussant dans les boissons (Coca-Cola BlāK). La chaîne de poly(diméthylsiloxane) forme également la structure de base des huiles et des caoutchoucs silicones. Polymères en émulsion Toucher Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Nano sized aminofunctional and micron sized dimethyl polysiloxane emulsions were applied to garment leathers as topcoats, to investigate the improvement on feel touch permanency of finished leathers. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and particle size analysis of these two polysiloxane emulsions were carried out. The optimum application amount of emulsions was determined to be 15% based on the results of organoleptic evaluation and dynamic friction coefficients. After the application of nano and micron sized polysiloxane, three different accelerated ageing processes were applied to leathers under controlled temperature, humidity and UV light conditions. For determining the effect of the ageing processes on these polysiloxanes, dynamic friction coefficient measurements, ICP-OES and SEM analysis were carried out. The results revealed that nano sized polysiloxanes clearly improved the feel touch permanency of finished leathers in comparison to the leathers coated with micron sized polysiloxanes. Thereby, it was demonstrated that nano polysiloxanes can maintain the appearance and feel touch of leather product for a longer periods of time. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials - Finishing application - Particle size analysis - Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis - Organoleptic evaluation and dynamic friction coefficient measurements of feel touch of finished leathers - Accelerated ageing process - Rub fastness of aged leathers - Determination of silicone content of leather samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) - Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microcraphs of leather samples - Statistical analysis - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Particle size analysis - Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) analysis - Organoleptic evaluations and dynamic friction coefficient measurements - Determination of silicone contents of leathers by ICP OES - Scanning electron microscopy micrographs of leathers samples En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wNFJN8UG4CQqaiq2Nmjfrwx6NGnn1ByB/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=14421 [article]

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Use of natural fat emulsions in fatliquoring process and investigation of fatty spue formation / Gökhan Zengin in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVI, N° 3 (03/2011)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CVI, N° 3 (03/2011) . - p. 83-91 Titre : Use of natural fat emulsions in fatliquoring process and investigation of fatty spue formation Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Gökhan Zengin, Auteur ; Altan Afsar, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p. 83-91 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Acides gras Cuirs et peaux -- Dégraissage Cuirs et peaux -- Finition Emulsions Fourier, Spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Huiles et graisses Iode Microscopie électronique à balayage Peroxydes Produits de nourriture du cuir Résonance magnétique nucléaire Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Fatty spew is one of the most frequent defects appearing on finished leathers, especially sheepskins. Origins of this problem include an insufficient degreasing process, presence of excess residual natural fat in leather, quantity and quality of fatliquoring material added during the fatliquoring process and defective fatliquoring techniques. It is usually not easy to identify this problem during the processes. The aim of this study is to find out the limit value of natural fat that cause to fatty spew and its effect on leather quality. In the experiments Irish ovine sheepskins were used, as they are known for their high natural fat content. The experiments were carried out in three groups. The first group was processed without degreasing and fatliquoring. The second group was degreased and processed without fatliquoring and the third group was degreased; and fatliquored with 3, 5 and 7% of their own emulsified fat. The application of 3% fat emulsion is agreeable due to fatty spew formation in 5% and 7% fat emulsion application, as expected from preliminary tests. Some physical and chemical characteristics of natural and emulsified fats were investigated such as density, acid, peroxide and iodine values. Visual images of skin surfaces were obtained by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Gas Chromatography (GC), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Analyses were performed for the determination of fatty acids components that cause fatty spew defect. It was determined that double bond between C and C in the structure of the palmitoleic and linoleic acids was saturated, the ratio of palmitic and stearic acids was increased and palmitic and stearic acids were found to be the main reasons for fatty spew formation. Note de contenu : METHOD AND RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Determination of fat content - acid, iodine and peroxide values - Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) - Gas chromatography (GC) analysis - C nuclear magnetic resonance (RMN) - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1S0CFlK1Qi1q2fgvStk1qcPHf4GB-6CyO/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=11237 [article]

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Utilization of leather industry pre-fleshings in biodiesel production / Selime Colak in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. C, N° 4 (04/2005)  

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