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The action of pancreatin on collagen fibres and interfibrillary substance during bating / Ding Haiyan in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 90, N° 2 (03-04/2006)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 90, N° 2 (03-04/2006) . - p. 47-53 Titre : The action of pancreatin on collagen fibres and interfibrillary substance during bating Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ding Haiyan, Auteur ; Liang Chengjian, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p. 47-53 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Chimie analytique Collagène Confitage Le confitage est une action biochimique effectuée au moyen de produits enzymatiques, qui a pour but de dégrader les fibres élastiques, contribuant ainsi à augmenter la souplesse du cuir. En outre, les enzymes complètent la dégradation des résidus épidermiques, donnant ainsi une fleur plus propre et plus lisse. Cuirs et peaux de chèvres Hydrolyse Hydroxyproline Pancréatine Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : In order to illustrate the functions of pancreatin in the bating process during leather manufacture, we used TEM and SEM to observe the histological changes of collagen fibres of goatskin at the ultrastructural level under different bating conditions. Chemical analysis was simultaneously used to illustrate the action of pancreatin on interfibrillary substance and collagen protein. The results showed that the interfibrillary substance was removed and the collagen fibre structure was moderately opened-up under normal bating conditions. The removal of the interfibrillary substance aids in the opening-up of the collagen fibre structure. Pancreatin has an obvious hydrolytic effect on mucin, mucoid and collagenous substance too. Excessive concentrations of pancreatin are beneficial to the removal of non-fibrous substance, i.e., the interfibrillary substance but, this excessive treatment can cause loss of collagen protein and damage of the collagen fibres making the collagen fibre structure over opened-up. Thus in conditions with excess pancreatin, the final result may be leather with an empty handle. This study provides a basis of ultrastructure and serves as scientific guidance for selection of chemicals and technique design for goat shoe upper leather manufacture and offers a reference to other related studies. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL METHODS : Sample preparation - Sampling and fixation - Specimen preparation for TEM and SEM - Determination of hydroxy-proline - Determination of reducing sugar(R.S.) - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : The removal of the interfibrillary substance during the bating process - Comparison of the opening-up of the collagen fibre structure and change of collagenous fibrils under various - The hydrolyzing effect of pancreatin on collagenous substance bating systems - Table 1 : Bating scheme - Table 2 : The R.S. hydrolyzed from skin during the different bating process - Table 3 : The quantity of hydroxyproline in the liquors after bating process En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LuTBW1LRMkRp_DFx43EjM--trENxKJ7M/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39156 [article]

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Hyperbranched polymers - A primer for their uses in the leather industry / Wang Xue-Chuan in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 90, N° 2 (03-04/2006)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 90, N° 2 (03-04/2006) . - p. 54-57 Titre : Hyperbranched polymers - A primer for their uses in the leather industry Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Wang Xue-Chuan, Auteur ; Qiang Tao-Tao, Auteur ; Ren Long-Fang, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p. 54-57 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Agents de tannage Cuirs et peaux -- Finition Floculant Polymères ramifiés Système de libération contrôlée (technologie) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The evolution, structural traits and characteristics of hyperbranched polymers are summarized. Furthermore, the article analyzes the feasibility of their applicability as a new type of tanning agent in leather industry with the possibility of chrome-free leather. The article is intended as a guide and introduction to hyperbranched polymers and their possible applications in the leather industry. Note de contenu : - BACKGROUND : Special features of hyperbranched polymers - APPLICATION FOREGROUND OF HYPEBRANCHED POLYMERS IN THE LEATHER INDUSTRY : Use as tanning and retanning agents - Used to prevent Cr (VI) formation in leather - Use as highly absorptive chrome tanning auxiliaries - Use as finishing agents and auxiliaries - Use as sustained-release agents - Use as levelling and fixing agents - Used as flocculating agents in tanning waste disposal En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1BpyCZdK6s05GMwWA7gPGuzSPe4ZyP-92/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39157 [article]

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Evaluation of wax or oil fungicide formulations for preservation of vegetable-tanned leather artifacts / Gomaa Abdel-Maksoud in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 90, N° 2 (03-04/2006)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 90, N° 2 (03-04/2006) . - p. 58-67 Titre : Evaluation of wax or oil fungicide formulations for preservation of vegetable-tanned leather artifacts Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Gomaa Abdel-Maksoud, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p. 58-67 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cires Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés mécaniques Essais accélérés (technologie) Evaluation visuelle Fongicides Formulation (Génie chimique) Huiles et graisses Surfaces -- Analyse Tannage végétal Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The environmental conditions in Egypt are very different from the conditions required by international standards for storage rooms, display cases etc. These conditions make vegetable-tanned leather artifacts dry, brittle, stiff and weak. Leather artifacts need conservation treatment with lubrication materials from time to time. Although lubrication of leather may in fact be the most viable way of protecting leather in Egyptian collections, such dressings have been avoided, because the use of oils would promote mould growth. This study aims at adding fungicide to wax or oil formulations to control fungal growth and to improve the properties of leather. Vegetable-tanned leather was treated with oil or wax formulations without and with fungicides. Untreated and treated samples were innoculated with 4 fungal strains (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium funiculosum, Alternaria alternata and Trichoderma viride) which are commonly found in archaeological vegetable-tanned leather artifacts. The samples were assessed visually and by mechanical tests (tensile strength and elongation) plus an investigation of the surface morphology by SEM. The results showed that vegetable-tanned leather samples treated with lubricants containing fungicides were more resistant to mould infection than the blank samples. However, samples treated with lubricants without fungicide were more resistant than the control sample that had not been treated at all. The index method, which is proposed by the author for the evaluation of mechanical tests is a good tool and can be used to evaluate other properties. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : New vegetable-tanned leather samples - Fungicides used - Lubricant compounds used - Incorporation of fungicides with oil or wax formulations - Application technique of Lubricants - without and with fungicides - Fungal strains - Innoculation of vegetable tanned leather with fungi - Accelerated ageing of the samples - EVALUATION METHODS : Visual assessment - Mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation) - Index method for the evaluation of mechanical properties - Investigation of the surface morphology by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Visual assessment - Mechanical properties - Investigation of the surface morphology En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/103DHjczTslWkI3nNiyh1Ms3MEZlEThdP/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39158 [article]

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A study on cost accounting in garment leather manufacturing / E. Yigit in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 90, N° 2 (03-04/2006)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 90, N° 2 (03-04/2006) . - p. 68-72 Titre : A study on cost accounting in garment leather manufacturing Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : E. Yigit, Auteur ; B. O. Bitlisli, Auteur ; E. Teker, Auteur ; Bahri Basaran, Auteur ; Huseyin Ata Karavana, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p. 68-72 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Comptabilité analytique Coût de production Vêtements en cuir Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : In this study, actual annual production figures of a tannery processing sheepskins for garments in the Menemen Organized Leather Industrial Region of Izmir, Turkey were examined so as to establish production costs and determine unit costs. A cost distribution table was formed using the actual figures obtained from the tannery and units costs were then determined. It was found that total actual costs comprised 66.1% skins, 19.6% chemical substances, 5.4% labour and 6.03% general production expenses. Note de contenu : - Cost items - Material costs - Labour Costs - General Production Costs - Distribution of Unit Costs and General Expenses - Country-wise variations in costs - Table 1 : Cost distribution (US$) - Table 2 : Ratios of material expenses - Table 3 : Ratios of labour expenses - Table 4 : Ratios of general production expenses En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1X4F7w4Hg_OZLCLb2tk_wkSRj-ZehusoG/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39159 [article]

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Lime-free unhairing : Part 5. Some peculiarities of dyeing lime-free leather / A. Zaliauskiene in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 90, N° 2 (03-04/2006)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 90, N° 2 (03-04/2006) . - p. 73-79 Titre : Lime-free unhairing : Part 5. Some peculiarities of dyeing lime-free leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : A. Zaliauskiene, Auteur ; Kestutis Beleska, Auteur ; Virgilijus Valeika, Auteur ; J. Balciuniene, Auteur ; V. Valeikene, Auteur ; V. Tricys, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p. 73-79 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Coefficient de diffusion Un coefficient de diffusion est une grandeur caractéristique du phénomène de diffusion de la matière. Le coefficient de diffusion mesure le rapport entre le flux molaire dû à la diffusion moléculaire, et le gradient de concentration de l'espèce chimique considérée (ou, plus généralement, de la variable d'effort entraînant cette diffusion), comme formulé par la loi de Fick. Colorants Cuirs et peaux -- Teinture Hydrophobie Pénétration (physique) Rouge (couleur) Thermodynamique Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The interaction of leather, prepared by the lime-free method, and a series of 1:2 metal complex dyes has been investigated by determining the distribution of the dyes at equilibrium. Kinetic and thermodynamic aspects such as the rate of dyeing, heat of dyeing, entropy, affinity of dyes on the lime-free and conventional leather have been studied. The diffusion coefficient was calculated by means of the Weisz pore and Krenk models. It has been established that the sorption isotherms for these dyes on both types of leather fibres show a Langmuir type of behaviour. The dyeing system hydrophobic C.I. Acid Red 247/lime-free leather has a positive heat of dyeing: dyeing is an endothermic process in this case. The change of entropy of interaction of hydrophobic C.I. Acid Red 247 and leather fibres is 24 cal/mol•K. An increased degree of freedom should be associated with water molecules such as those hydrating the dye and the fibre, and possibly, due to randomness in the fibre itself. This decreased degree of the order of water molecules results in a positive change of entropy, which then is the thermodynamic cause of the hydrophobic bonding. The influence of factors such as, initial amount of dye, pH of leather and temperature on the dyeing process was established. The results have shown that lime-free leather absorbs lesser amounts of dye during dyeing but that, the dye penetrates more deeply compared with conventional leather. The amount of dye, pH and temperature has no influence on such a tendency. On the other hand, the investigation has shown that the factors mentioned have a more marked influence on the progress of dyeing of lime-free leather compared with dyeing conventional leather. This means that inconsiderable deviation from determined parameters of dyeing can markedly deteriorate the quality of the dyed leather. The data obtained have confirmed that the change in the method of liming considerably influences subsequent processes in leather processing. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE : Leather samples for dyeing - The preparation of leather fibres for dyeing - Dyes and dyeing - Determination of hydrophobicity of dyes - Determination of depth of dye penetration into leather - Investigation of dyeing kinetics - Thermodynamic investigation of dyeing - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Kinetic and thermodynamic investigation - Investigation of dyeing parameters on the progress of dyeing - Table 1 : Indexes of pelt and leather obtained by use of lime-free and conventional unhairing - Table 2 : The dependence of diffusion coeffficient on unhairing method - Table 3 : The thermodynamic characteristic of dyeing process En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/16mWq3L-c0sNpayWDNSSXPgzVTvU4htbU/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39160 [article]

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Effect of cationisation on reactive printing of leather and wool / A. A. Haroun in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 90, N° 2 (03-04/2006)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 90, N° 2 (03-04/2006) . - p. 80-86 Titre : Effect of cationisation on reactive printing of leather and wool Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : A. A. Haroun, Auteur ; H. F. Mansour, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p. 80-86 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cationisation Cuir Impression sur cuir Impression sur laine Laine Photostabilité Résistance au lavage Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The resurgent interest in leather and wool clothing has led to developments in brilliant colours with different shades on leather and wool that hold promise for re-opening this market for the two substrates. It is necessary to use more than one class of dyestuff under variety of conditions in this work and to modify the two components before printing. Fibre reactive dyes with three different reactive groups, mono-chloro triazine (Cibacron Yellow P6GS), dichloro-triazine (Procion Red MX-5B) and vinyl sulphone (Remazol Brilliant Orange FR), were used to print both unmodified and modified, i.e. cationised leather and wool substrates using Tenofix Extra ECO and Solfix E cationic reagents. Pre-cationisation of leather and wool brings about an improvement in the depth of the prints as well as in washing and light fastness properties. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials - Methods - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Cationic effect - Steaming - Fastness properties - - Table 1 : Effect of the cationisation treatment on the nitrogen content of both substrates - Table 2 : Effect of pre-cationisation on the fastness properties of the printed leather and wool samples En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WIQUCw1xQFfaqnalPi9pqyruFY-IIKYR/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39161 [article]

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