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Nonionic short fluorocarbon chain surfactants for improving application properties of acrylic resin in the retanning of wet-blue leather / Rong Zhou in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVII, N° 11 (11/2022)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXVII, N° 11 (11/2022) . - p. 455-464 Titre : Nonionic short fluorocarbon chain surfactants for improving application properties of acrylic resin in the retanning of wet-blue leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rong Zhou, Auteur ; Yong Jin, Auteur ; Shuangquan Lai, Auteur ; Liangjie Shi, Auteur ; Yutang Zhou, Auteur ; Zhangyi Peng, Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : p. 455-464 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Colorants -- Adsorption Cuirs et peaux de chèvres Polyacryliques Retannage Surfactants Wet-blue (tannage) Peau tannée au chrome (le chrome donne une couleur bleue) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Acrylic resin (AR) is one of the most commonly used leather retanning agents owing to its excellent selective filling property and low cost. However, there are some defects affecting the quality of wet-blue leather in the practical application of AR, such as “excessive convergence”, “detanning”, and “fading”. Herein, the nonionic short fluorocarbon chain surfactants (F6-m) combined with AR for retanning wet-blue goat leather to further improve the application properties of AR. In a series of comparative experiments, the grain surface state and mechanical properties of leather retanned with 4 wt% AR and 2wt% F6-400 are preferred. Moreover, after dyeing, the dye adsorption rate and a* (red-greenness) value of AR/F6-400 retanned leather are higher than that of leather retanned with AR alone. The above issues reveal that F6-400 can improve application properties of AR in the retanning of wet-blue leather to a certain extent, benefiting to further upgrade the quality of leather. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Materials - Leather processing - Analysis of leather properties - Morphology - Dye adsorption rate - Color difference analysis - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Effects of different retanning systems on leather properties - Effect of the dosage of AR on leather properties - Effect of the dosage of F6-400 on leather properties - Morphology analysis of grain surfaces - Morphology analysis of cross sectin - Dyeing - Table 1 : Process recipe for leather manufacture - Table 2 : Organoleptic properties of Control (C) and Experimental (E) leathers retanned with different retanning systems at total dosage of 4 wt% - Table 3 : Organoleptic properties of leathers retanned with different doasages of 1R and 2 wt% F6-400 - Table 4 : Organoleptic properties of leathers retanned with different dosages of F6-400 and 4 wt% AR - Table 5 : Chroma color difference values of dyed leather DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v117i11.6292 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1L4x2PhD01Q9znu2rfshXE86t56N7PsQk/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=38339 [article]

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A bibliometric study of the unhairing and liming of the leather tanning process / Josep Maria Morera in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVII, N° 11 (11/2022)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXVII, N° 11 (11/2022) . - p. 465-479 Titre : A bibliometric study of the unhairing and liming of the leather tanning process Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Josep Maria Morera, Auteur ; Esther Bartoli, Auteur ; Patricia Cebollada, Auteur ; Luisa F. Cabeza, Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : p. 465-479 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Bibliométrie Epilage Pelage Publications scientifiques Tannage Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Unhairing and liming are the most polluting operations of the leather tanning process. Over the years, this sector has been investigated increasingly. Hence, this paper aims to explore and analyze the scientific activity of this field of research with a new view, applying bibliometrics techniques. The method of the study is based on a search and collection of publications indexed in Scopus. Subsequently, bibliometric data were extracted from the corresponding publications. Graphics and bibliometric maps were made to obtain quantitative results and the relationships between countries, authors, journals, and keywords. The results show an upward trend over the last 100 years or so, where the topic of most of the publications has reversed from being purely about engineering and process to focus on the big environmental issue generated by traditional unhairing. At the same time, research in this field has shifted to countries with the biggest tanning industry, such as China and India. In conclusion, bibliometrics has been a good method to know the current state of scientific literature and the timeline of this field of research, which will allow for a deepening in alternative methods to traditional unhairing and advance of the environmental concern caused by these polluting operations. Note de contenu : - Quantitative analysis. Trends and distribution of publications - Co-authorship analysis - Co-citation analysis - Keyword co-occurrence analysis - Table 1 : Top journals with at least 3 publications on the topic - Table 2 : Top 10 institutions and their corresponding country - Table 3 : List of the top 10 authors including institution, country, total publications on scopus and h-index - table 4 : Average year of publication of some keywords according to their frequency of occurrence in publications DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v117i11.6293 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1EuiBdAb4rF1XZXIHL8aSaAWtcpYlfkNv/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=38340 [article]

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A simple test to determine the propensity of a fatliquor to trigger the formation of chromium (VI) in leather / Irene Compte in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVII, N° 11 (11/2022)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXVII, N° 11 (11/2022) . - p. 480-488 Titre : A simple test to determine the propensity of a fatliquor to trigger the formation of chromium (VI) in leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Irene Compte, Auteur ; Rosa M. Cuadros, Auteur ; Francina Izquierdo, Auteur ; Felipe Combalia, Auteur ; Anna Bacardit, Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : p. 480-488 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Chimie analytique Chrome hexavalent Chrome trivalent -- Oxydation Liqueurs de tannage Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Since the entry into force of the EU Commission Regulation regarding hexavalent chromium in leather articles in 2014, it is of paramount importance to follow good manufacturing practices to ensure the production of leather not only free of Cr(VI) but with no tendency to its formation. The equilibrium between Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in leather can be disturbed under stressful environmental conditions such as light or heat exposure. These factors could trigger the lipid peroxidation of unprotected unsaturated fatliquoring agents, thus leading to the oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI). Due to the relevance that the oxidation of the fatliquoring agents has in the subsequent Cr(VI) formation, the Propensity Test has been developed and verified as an innovative verifying in-house tool for tanners to verify that each of the fatliquoring agents used in the tannery processes are properly protected against oxidation and thus, that Cr(VI) formation is not triggered.The method has four simple steps and can be easily carried out in the tanneries’ pilot plant. It does not require special equipment or specific apparatus because all the necessary instruments are usually available in any tannery and the skills needed to perform the test are the same that leather technicians use in their day-to-day work, so the implementation cost is practically non-existent.This work leads to the conclusion that there is a higher possibility of Cr(VI) formation among sheep skins rather than among calf hides. The rechroming process also presents risks regarding Cr(VI) content in leather, however, in this study it has been shown that rechroming does not increase Cr(VI) formation risks when the fatliquoring agents are properly protected against autoxidation. Therefore, using a well-protected fatliquoring agent is mandatory for the purpose of producing Cr(VI)-free leather despite the type of leather. Note de contenu : - INTRODUCTION : Influence of faliquoring in Cr(VI) formation - Testing for Cr(VI)-free raw materials - EXPERIMENTAL : Skins and hides - Materials and facilities - Propensity test recipe - Testing for hexavalent chromium - Apparent density of leather - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Performance of the propensity test - Validation of thepropensity test - Cr(VI) content depending on the type of leather - Influence of the rechroming process - Table 1 : Recipe to test a fatliquoring agent for propensity to the formation of hexvalent chromium - Table 2 : Fatliquors tested during the development of the propensity test - Table 3 : Cr(VI) content in mg/kg of the experiments for the developing of the propensity test - Table 4 : Apparent density of the fatliquored leathers. - Table 5 : Comparison of the Cr(VI) content in mg/kg of the rechrçmed and not-rechromed leathers DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v117i11.6294 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1JTGfnNwD0pUvNwz6m4yhvoUoLEx2yOPA/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=38341 [article]

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Preparation of polyols and polyurethane foams from olein by-product of tanning industry / Manoel Rodrigues da Silva in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVII, N° 11 (11/2022)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXVII, N° 11 (11/2022) . - p. 489-497 Titre : Preparation of polyols and polyurethane foams from olein by-product of tanning industry Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Manoel Rodrigues da Silva, Auteur ; Joao Antonio Pessoa da Silva, Auteur ; Cesar Liberato Petzhold, Auteur ; Nilo Sérgio Medeiros Cardozo, Auteur ; Mariliz Gutterres, Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : p. 489-497 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Caractérisation Formulation (Génie chimique) Mousses (matériaux) -- Propriétés mécaniques Mousses plastiques Mousses plastiques -- Propriétés physiques Oléine L'oléine ou trioléine est un triglycéride naturellement présent dans les huiles et les matières grasses solides végétales. Sa densité est de d = 0,89 et sa formule brute est : C57H104O6 Il s'agit du triester de l'acide oléique avec le glycérol (propan-1,2,3-triol). L'oléine est utilisée pour la fabrication du savon de marseille suivant la réaction de saponification : C57H104O6 +3(Na+ + HO-)= 3(C17H33-CO2- , Na+) + CH2OH-CHOH-CH2OH (Wikipedia) Polymères -- Synthèse Polyols Polyuréthanes Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Olein produced from the solid residues of the tanning industry is already employed as raw material to obtain greasing oil for leather. However, new applications for this product may be advantageous regarding environmental impact and sustainability of this industry. In this work, flexible polyurethane foams (FPUFs) were prepared from polyols obtained from olein. A polyol from olein was prepared through alkaline glycerolysis. The glycerolysis conditions of temperature, glycerol/olein molar ratio, amount of catalyst and reaction time were optimized using a 24 factorial design, resulting in an olein polyol containing around 75% of monoacylglycerols, hydroxyl value (388.68±0.40 mg KOH.g-1), and hydroxyl functionality of 2.89. FPUFs were prepared at NCO/OH ratios of 1.2:1 and 1.3:1, using an aliphatic hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer and water as foaming agent. The foams were characterized through FTIR, thermogravimetry, morphology, extractable materials, and mechanical properties. Characteristics urethane/urea groups formation were verified by FTIR as well as typical mass loss steps in the thermal decomposition curves. The foams morphology showed a structure composed mainly for polygon-type closed-cells. The obtained FPUFs presented a content of extractable materials lower than 3%. The mechanical properties of the foams were dependent on the NCO/OH ratio, and the foam prepared at the ratio of 1.2:1 stood out as a potential material to be used in the production of mattresses. This study demonstrated the feasibility of transforming olein, a solid residue of the tanning industry, as a precursor to prepare PU foams, which may be a promising material for mattress applications, considering the observed features. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials - Synthesis of the olein polyols (OP) - Preparation of the flexible polyurethane foams (FPUF) - Physical and mechanical properties and extractable material of FPUFs - Analytical methods - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Glycerolysis of olein - Characterization of olein and olein polyol 2 (OP2) - Characterization of the produced flexible polyurethane foams (FPUFs) - Structural characterization - Ecxtractable material - Physical and mechanical properties - Table 1 : FPUFs formulations - Table 2 : Experiments performed according to a 2 factorial design and the respective results of yield - Table 3 : MAG, DAG, and TAG yields : effects of the significant factors (p<0.05) from the ANOVA on data of table 1 - Table 4 : Properties of olein and OP2 - Table 5 : Extractable materials, physical and mechanical properties of the prepared FPUFs DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v117i11.6295 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/18OoRZqMgxzEjPqzOIHMgeMS7ElvUOiVr/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=38342 [article]

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