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Cleaner chrome tanning - technology of chrome-reduced tanning without salt, pickling and short procedure / Luo Jian-Xun in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 103, N° 6 (11-12/2019)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 103, N° 6 (11-12/2019) . - p. 289-295 Titre : Cleaner chrome tanning - technology of chrome-reduced tanning without salt, pickling and short procedure Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Luo Jian-Xun, Auteur ; Feng Yan-Juan, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 289-295 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Acide polyacrylique Déchets -- Réduction Polycarboxylates Poudres Produits chimiques -- Consommation -- Réduction Tannage au chrome Tannage sans sels Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Tannery effluents with high salinity and containing chromium have a serious environmental impact. The traditional chrome tannage that involved the use of sodium chloride, acid and chromium is one of the main origins of salt and chromium pollution. In this study, a non-pickle, chrome-reduced tanning technology was developed. The novel chrome-free agent SL can be directly employed to tan bated bovine hide producing wet-white. The shaved wet-white was pre-treated by a poly-carboxylate auxiliary agent PAA and tanned by chrome powder. It was found that the shrinkage temperature of the wet-white tanned by SL reached over 80°C, the optimal consumption of poly-carboxylate auxiliary agent was 1.5- 2wt% based on the weight of the shaved wet-white, the better chrome-reduced tanning conditions were that the wet-white was tanned with 3-4wt% chromium powder for 150-180 minutes at room temperature when the initial pH value was 3.0-3.5. The next processes were same as those of a traditional chrome tannage. Meanwhile, the shrinkage temperature of the leather tanned by the chrome-reduced tannage reached more than 95°C, the absorption of chromium was 96%, the content of Cr2O3 in the effluent was under 200mg/L. For the chrome-reduced tanned leather,the absorption of dyestuff and fat-liquor reached 99.5% and 82.5% respectively. Compared with the traditional chrome tanning process, not only was the conventional pickling process eliminated, the process was shortened and reduced the pollution of sodium chloride. The process can reduce by 50% the consumption of chrome powder, improve the absorption of chromium and reduce the content of Cr2O3 in effluent. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES : Materials - Tanning properties of the novel chrome-free agent SL - The properties of wet-white tanned by the novel chrome-free agent SL - Optimisation of the offer of chrome tanning agent in tanning process - The properties of poly-carboxylate auxiliary agent in the low-chrome tannage - Contrast experiment between chrome-reduced tanning and traditional chrome tanning - Pilot production of leather tanned by chrome-reduced tannage - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Analysis of tanning properties of the novel chrome-free agent SL and its leather - Optimum initial pH of chrome tanning agent on shaved wet-white - Optimum offer of chrome tanning agent for shaved wet-white - Optimum offer of the poly-carboxylate auxiliary agent PAA in chrome-reduced tanning of shaved wet-white - Comparison of chrome-reduced tannage and traditional chrome tanning - The properties of leather tanned by chrome-reduced tannage from pilot production En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_b6GCLclh8aX2f9oJk2AMc-M7-OyAz0H/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33205 [article]

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Advanced diagnostics and innovative solutions for leather defects : the problem of yellowing / Claudia Florio in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 103, N° 6 (11-12/2019)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 103, N° 6 (11-12/2019) . - p. 296-304 Titre : Advanced diagnostics and innovative solutions for leather defects : the problem of yellowing Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Claudia Florio, Auteur ; Roberta Aveta, Auteur ; Gianluigi Calvanese, Auteur ; Biagio Naviglio, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 296-304 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Cuirs et peaux -- Défauts Jaunissement (défaut) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Providing peculiar enhanced features to leather items is a factor of primary importance for the marketing of high-end articles; although tanning production is oriented to satisfy a wide market range, it is mainly in the `high end' and `premium luxury' categories that the quality properties of the material are more expressed, indeed. It is particularly on this market segment that the main current challenges have been focussed, according to the growing requirement of technological innovation, sustainability and product quality. Light-coloured leathers, with particular reference to white items, belong to the category of materials designed especially for the luxury market. For this type of articles, the uniformity of colour and the agreeable appeal of the overall surface appearance are crucial requirements for the most international fashion and luxury brands. One of the most common and undesirable defects of this type of article is the alteration of the colour, with particular reference to the localised or diffused effects of yellowing of the surface of the material. There are several causes able to contribute to the production of this type of defects, due to the complexity of the matrix and to the variability of traditional or innovative production processes used: from the intrinsic fragility, photosensitivity and thermo-sensitivity of the finishing polymers, to the chemical instability of some components of the finishing pigments, further the presence of photosensitive chemical additives, the migration of skin components or assembly components of the manufactured articles (fats, fillers, plasticisers, glues etc.), up to the indirect contribution of environmental and thermo-climatic factors able to affect negatively the performance of the material. SSIP, which has always been involved in research and consulting activities for the leather industry with regards to defect monitoring, through this work, would offer an overview of all the main tools for advanced diagnostics (with particular reference to Scanning Electronic Microscopy and to chromatographic and spectroscopic methods) aimed to the identification of the causes of yellowing, beside to explore innovative solutions for the development of strategies for the resolution and/or minimisation of the problem of yellowing. The technical solutions will include innovative tanning processes, innovative finishing methods, and leather surface treatments carried out in order to provide a sensible attenuation of surface absorption of IR and UV-visible radiation. Note de contenu : - Technical and diagnostic approach - Technical results - Possible technical solutions - Fig. 1 : The different main factors able to promote leather yellowing - Fig. 2 : IR spectra overlap of the topcoat of defective and not defective samples - Fig. 3 : Cross section and surface of a not defective calf leather and cross section and surface of a defective buffalo leather - Fig. 4 : IR Spectrum of the glue found on the sample: spectroscopic profile compatible with a polyacrylate - Fig. 5 : Gas-chromatographic profile of the organic extract of the defective sample (leather for footwear) - Fig. 6 : Overlap of the gas-chromatographic profiles of the organic extract of the defective and not defective parts of the sample (leather for automotive) - Fig. 7 : 2-Octyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one - Table 1 : Gas-chromatographic determination of the volatile substances in the non-defective sample - Table 2 : Gas-chromatographic determination of the volatile substances in the defective sample En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1nLKxh25oQc7eYZjHyti_fPnv9AefpJdf/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33206 [article]

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The tanning performance of dialdehyde cellulose prepared by electrochemical oxidation system / Hui Chen in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 103, N° 6 (11-12/2019)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 103, N° 6 (11-12/2019) . - p. 305-310 Titre : The tanning performance of dialdehyde cellulose prepared by electrochemical oxidation system Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Hui Chen, Auteur ; Yao Hu, Auteur ; Qhu-Qing Li, Auteur ; Li-Wei Chen, Auteur ; Jie Yi, Auteur ; Zhihua Shan, Auteur ; Dai Rui, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 305-310 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Agents de tannage Caractérisation Cellulose dialdéhyde Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés mécaniques Cuirs et peaux de chèvres Electrochimie Gélatine La gélatine est une substance solide translucide, transparente ou légèrement jaune, presque sans goût et sans odeur, obtenue par l'ébullition prolongée de tissus conjonctifs (peaux) ou d'os d'animaux (principalement porc, bÅ“uf, poisson). Elle possède de nombreuses applications dans le domaine culinaire, la médecine, les industries agroalimentaire et pharmaceutique. En matière d’étiquetage, la gélatine est considérée par la norme européenne3 comme un ingrédient et non pas comme un additif, c'est pourquoi elle n'a pas de numéro E. Hors Union européenne, elle est considérée par certains pays comme un additif gélifiant et on peut la trouver avec la dénomination E441. La gélatine est un mélange de protéines obtenu par hydrolyse partielle du collagène extrait de la peau comme la peau de porc (cochon), des os, des cartilages, etc. Les liaisons moléculaires entre les fibres de collagène sont alors brisées. Mélangée à de l'eau, la gélatine forme un gel colloïdal semi-solide thermo-réversible (il fond lorsqu'il est chauffé et recouvre son aspect gélatineux lorsqu'il est refroidi). Sous forme déshydratée, par contre, la gélatine n'a pas de point de fusion et devient friable ou brûle quand elle est chauffée à trop haute températureLa rhéologie de la gélatine se caractérise par un comportement viscoélastique, et des contraintes trop élevées ou appliquées trop rapidement peuvent entraîner une rupture fragile (fracturation) ou ductile6. Le caractère plutôt élastique/fragile ou plutôt visqueux/ductile dépend de la concentration en gélatine de la solution aqueuse et de la température, ainsi que de la durée de la mise sous contrainteLes acides aminés constituant la gélatine sont : la glycine (21 %), la proline (12 %), l'hydroxyproline (12 %), l'acide glutamique (10 %), l'alanine (9 %), l'arginine (8 %), l'acide aspartique (6 %), la lysine (4 %), la sérine (4 %), la leucine (3 %), la valine, la phénylalanine et la thréonine (2 %), l'isoleucine et l'hydroxylysine (1 %), la méthionine et l'histidine (< 1 %) et la tyrosine (< 0,5 %). Ces valeurs sont variables (surtout pour les constituants minoritaires) et dépendent de la source de matériaux bruts et de la technique de préparation. La gélatine est constituée à environ 98-99 % (en poids sec) de protéines et contient 18 acides aminés dont huit des neuf acides aminés essentiels à l'Homme. Elle n'a qu'une relative valeur nutritionnelle du fait de l'absence de tryptophane et de son déficit en isoleucine, thréonine et méthionine; elle possède également un taux inhabituellement élevé d'acides aminés non essentiels, la glycine et la proline (qui sont produits par le corps humain). (Wikipedia) Oxydation Tannage organique Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The aim of this study was to develop a new dialdehyde cellulose tanning agent and discuss its tanning performance. Firstly, cellulose was dissolved with sodium hydroxide and urea. Secondly, dialdehyde cellulose was prepared by an electrochemical oxidation system. The obtained dialdehyde cellulose contained 68.48% aldehyde groups. The reaction between dialdehyde cellulose and gelatin has been verified by the determination by Fourier transformed infrared testing. When pickled goatskin was tanned with dialdehyde cellulose, the optimal conditions were, dosage of dialdehyde cellulose 25%, initial pH4.5, tanning temperature 35°C. The tanned goat garment crust leather had a shrinkage temperature 82.2°C, tensile strength 28.23MPa, elongation at break 48.35%, all of which meet the standard for goat garment leather. After ageing for 20 days, all characteristics remained stable indicating that dialdehyde cellulose is a feasible and eco-friendly tanning agent. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : The cellulose pretreatment - The preparation of dialdehyde cellulose by electrochemical oxidation - The reaction characterisation of DAC and gelatin - Influence of ageint time on tanning characteristics - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : The influence of DAC dosage on tensile strength of cross-linked film - FTIR determination - The tanning action of DAC - The influence of tanning temperature on Ts - The influence of ageint time on properties of tanned leather - Table I : Goat garment tanning process by using DAC - Table II : The influence of ageing time on poroperties of tanned leather En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DcYct_A_prs__YjNK3Fo-vCLNkUZy56h/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33207 [article]

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Retanning mechanism of polyacrylic acid from the point of fibre motion / Zou Xianglong in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 103, N° 6 (11-12/2019)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 103, N° 6 (11-12/2019) . - p. 311-313 Titre : Retanning mechanism of polyacrylic acid from the point of fibre motion Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Zou Xianglong, Auteur ; Fang Qi, Auteur ; Ren Bianli, Auteur ; Chai Yuye, Auteur ; Li Zhongyu, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 311-313 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Acide polyacrylique Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Retannage Tannage organique Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The retanning mechanism of PAA was studied from the point of fibre motion. The stress state of collagen fibres retanned with PAA was analysed and the structure of retanned leather was characterised by SEM and strain-stress analysis. The results show that PAA mainly interacts with collagen fibres by adhesive force (AF) between collagen fibres and capillary flow. As PAA dosage increases, AF increases and the collagen fibre's array becomes more disordered. Note de contenu : - Change of stress state of collagenfibres after being retanned with PAA - Effect of PAA on the array of collagen fibres En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-Nkf0khxkAo_U7Bmaac-UvAgy90pavNl/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33208 [article]

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Physical properties of chrome-tanned Nile perch (lates niloticus) fish leather / Peter Maina Wairimu in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 103, N° 6 (11-12/2019)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 103, N° 6 (11-12/2019) . - p. 314-317 Titre : Physical properties of chrome-tanned Nile perch (lates niloticus) fish leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Peter Maina Wairimu, Auteur ; Moses A. Ollengo, Auteur ; Esther W. Nthiga, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 314-317 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés physiques Cuirs et peaux de Poissons Perche du Nil Tannage au chrome Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The aim of this study was to utilise the Nile perch fish skins which are usually a waste from fish filleting companies to make leather and then to determine its physical properties. The skins were processed into leather using chromium(III) sulphate. The physical properties of leathers were determined using standard IUP methods which include: Tensile strength, Tear strength, Flexing endurance, Shrinkage temperature, Grain crack and Grain burst tests. The results demonstrated that the tensile, tear strength and elongation of the leather varied depending on the direction and location of the collagen fibres. The properties of the Nile perch leather were satisfying enough for the material to be used in the manufacture of high grade leather products. The study showed that the fish skins can supplement sources of raw materials in the leather industry and reduce the environmental pollution caused by disposing of the skins to the environment. Note de contenu : - Raw materials - Procedure - Sampling and sample preparation - Data analysis - Table 1 : Tannage for Nile perch (lates niloticus) fish leather - Table 2 : Physical properties of Nile perch fish leather En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/12sj6v5ri1E1YOfdutlZ_n0tKY3bThCLL/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33209 [article]

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Application of Mn-doped mesoporous TiO2 in tannery wastewater treatment / Xiu He in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 103, N° 6 (11-12/2019)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 103, N° 6 (11-12/2019) . - p. 318-322 Titre : Application of Mn-doped mesoporous TiO2 in tannery wastewater treatment Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Xiu He, Auteur ; Xiaocong Wang, Auteur ; Baozhen Cheng, Auteur ; Shan Cao, Auteur ; Jianfei Zhou, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 318-322 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Caractérisation Dioxyde de titane Eaux usées -- Epuration Manganèse Matériaux mésoporeux Photocatalyse Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Treatment of tannery wastewater is a challenging task because of its complex components, deep colour and high concentration of suspended solids. This study aims to develop a treatment system that can effectively reduce the pollutants in tannery wastewater to an environmentally acceptable level. Manganese (Mn)-doped mesoporous titanium dioxide (T102) was successfully synthesized via a sol-gel method using butyl titanate as a precursor and surfactant P123 as a template. When the dosage of Mn in the mesoporous Ti02 was 0.4%, the degradation rate of organic pollutants was nearly 90% after 8 hours of treatment with metal halide. The as-prepared products showed excellent photocatalytic activity even sunlight was used as an illuminant. The degradation rate of organic pollutants reached 87.5% when sunlight was used for excitation. Results of this study can be used as a reference in purifying various types of industrial wastewater. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Chemicals - Preparation of Mn-doped mesoporous TiO3 - Characterisation - Photocatalytic activity - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Preparation and characterisation of Mn-doped mesoporous Tio2 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1eXAhb-b6ASSAPbNVsMuEIHBX4Y6ikldm/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33210 [article]

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Efficient removal of total nitrogen from tannery wastewater by promoting denitrification with sodium acetate / Ma Xiaojian in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 103, N° 6 (11-12/2019)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 103, N° 6 (11-12/2019) . - p. 323-327 Titre : Efficient removal of total nitrogen from tannery wastewater by promoting denitrification with sodium acetate Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ma Xiaojian, Auteur ; Zhou Jianfei, Auteur ; Zeng Yunhang, Auteur ; Bi Shi, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 323-327 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Acétate de sodium Chlorures Dénitrification Eaux usées -- Analyse Eaux usées -- Epuration Eaux usées -- Teneur en azote total Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Total nitrogen (TN) in tannery wastewater is difficult to remove completely, because the low C/N ratio of the wastewater leads to inadequate denitrification. Sodium acetate was used as an extra carbon source to improve the denitrification efficiency and the TN removal. The appropriate COD/TN ratio for denitrification using sodium acetate was 5.1, at which the TN concentration of tannery wastewater decreased by 95%. A much faster removal of TN was obtained by adding sodium acetate in denitrification than by adding common glucose. These results showed that sodium acetate was a high-quality carbon source for a complete and rapid denitrification of tannery wastewater. The denitrification efficiency decreased with decreasing temperature and increasing chloride concentration. However, when the carbon source was made sufficient by adding sodium acetate, complete denitrification was stil) obtained even at 15°C or 10000mg/L of chloride concentration. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Materials - Effect of temperature on anaerobic denitrification of wastewater - Effect of chloride concentration on anaerobic denitrification of wastewater - Analytical methods of pollution loads in wastewater - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Effect of addition of sodium acetate on anaerobic denitrification of tannery wastewater - Effect of temperature on anaerobic denitrification of tannery wastewater - Effect of chloride concentration on anaerobic denitrification of tannery wastewater En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FUylPZ3JvBdPyCNZe4mIZkDmr_wPe0I3/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33211 [article]

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