Assessment of adhesively bonded aluminium joints by high frequency dielectric measurements / Robert L. Crane in SAMPE JOURNAL, Vol. 42, N° 5 (09-10/2006)

[article]  inSAMPE JOURNAL > Vol. 42, N° 5 (09-10/2006) . - p. 35-38 Titre : Assessment of adhesively bonded aluminium joints by high frequency dielectric measurements Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Robert L. Crane, Auteur ; David Hayward, Auteur ; Barry McConnell, Auteur ; Richard A. Pethrick, Auteur ; Anthony J. Mulholland, Auteur ; Sean McKee, Auteur ; Cameron MacKay, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p. 35-38 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 668.4 Plastiques, vinyles Résumé : The most significant environmental factor in the degradation of adhesively bonded aluminium joints is moisture ingress. Water degrades the adhesive by plasticisation and hydrolysis, leading to failure with in the adhesive, it hydrates the oxide layer disrupting the adhesive/metal interface leading to interfacial failure. Since water is a polar material dielectric measurements are an effective means of detecting water at low concentrations. Dielectric techniques which use the aluminium adherends as the electrodes are capable of non-destructive measurement within a joint without the use of embedded sensors and if the frequencies employed are high enough (~GHz) then spatial information (~cms) on the water distribution should be available. In addition measurements over a large frequency spectrum can yield information on the interaction of the water within the adhesive, important in deducing the mechanisms by which the water diffuses through the adhesive and the interface. Note de contenu : - THEORY - EXPERIMENTAL : Geometry recovery - Aging studies - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Geometry recovery - Aging studies Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=23467 [article]

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Cure and morphology of epoxy/polyester powder coatings containing titanium dioxide : a thermally stimulated discharge study / Emile C. Trottier in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 9, N° 6 (11/2012)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH > Vol. 9, N° 6 (11/2012) . - p. 717-724 Titre : Cure and morphology of epoxy/polyester powder coatings containing titanium dioxide : a thermally stimulated discharge study Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Emile C. Trottier, Auteur ; Stanley Affrossman, Auteur ; Richard A. Pethrick, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p. 717-724 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Dioxyde de titane Epoxydes Mesures diélectriques Polyesters Réticulation (polymérisation) Revêtements poudre:Peinture poudre Stimulation électrique Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : This article describes the use of thermally stimulated electrical discharge (TSD) measurements in the study of the cure processes occurring for a range of titanium dioxide, silica, and zinc oxide-pigmented epoxy polyester films. The unfilled polyester–epoxy resin system exhibits a simple TSD profile indicative of a combination of space charge and dipole relaxation processes. The addition of the Modaflow, which is used to aid in the dispersion of the pigment in the system, induces phase separation under certain cure conditions. In a number of systems, two lower temperature Tg peaks were initially observed, which collapsed into a single peak on post cure. The principal difference between the two grades of titanium dioxide was the size of the space charge peak, which is a direct indication of the mobile ion content in the material. The sulfate has higher mobile ion content than the chloride route material. Differences were observed between traces of silica and zinc oxide, which reflect the ability of the particles to interact with the resin and form a dense matrix. Silica at low concentrations is able to reduce the space charge peak which implies it can trap ions. The TSD study indicates that the pigments are able to change the morphology of the matrix which is being formed. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Resins - Pigments - Thermally stimulated discharge measurements - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Studies of the base resin system cured at 413K - Studies of the base resin system with Modaflow cured at various temperatures - Titanium dioxide pigments A and B - Silica and zinc oxide effects - ACTIVATION ENERGY CALCULATIONS DOI : 10.1007/s11998-012-9410-1 En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11998-012-9410-1.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=16657 [article]

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Dielectric studies of epoxy/polyester powder coatings containing titanium dioxide, silica, and zinc oxide pigments / Emile C. Trottier in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 9, N° 5 (09/2012)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH > Vol. 9, N° 5 (09/2012) . - p. 525-539 Titre : Dielectric studies of epoxy/polyester powder coatings containing titanium dioxide, silica, and zinc oxide pigments Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Emile C. Trottier, Auteur ; Stanley Affrossman, Auteur ; Richard A. Pethrick, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p. 525-539 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Diélectriques Dioxyde de titane Epoxydes Oxyde de zinc Polyesters Revêtements poudre:Peinture poudre Silice La silice est la forme naturelle du dioxyde de silicium (SiO2) qui entre dans la composition de nombreux minéraux. La silice existe à l'état libre sous différentes formes cristallines ou amorphes et à l'état combiné dans les silicates, les groupes SiO2 étant alors liés à d'autres atomes (Al : Aluminium, Fe : Fer, Mg : Magnésium, Ca : Calcium, Na : Sodium, K : Potassium...). Les silicates sont les constituants principaux du manteau et de l'écorce terrestre. La silice libre est également très abondante dans la nature, sous forme de quartz, de calcédoine et de terre de diatomée. La silice représente 60,6 % de la masse de la croûte terrestre continentale. Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : Dielectric measurements are reported covering a frequency range from 10?3 to 105 Hz and a temperature range from ~355 to 410 K for a pigmented epoxy/polyester resin powder coating system. A large low frequency ohmic conduction was observed in all these systems and the electrical modulus representation was used to aid analysis. A space charge relaxation indicative of heterogeneity in the matrix was observed in the pure resin and the pigmented coatings. In the pure resin, the heterogeneity is associated with nanoscale phase separation. A study with the resin modified with Modaflow, an ester copolymer dispersion agent, shows that the dipole relaxation is more ideal and the activation energy for dipole relaxation is reduced compared with that observed in the pure resin. The introduction of titanium dioxide pigment reduces the activation energy but also increases the magnitude of the ohmic conductivity and space charge contributions to the dielectric permittivity. All the systems exhibit heterogeneity and in the case of a pigmented system charge carriers can be introduced into the system by the pigment. Clear differences are observed between TiO2 produced via the chloride and sulfate routes, reflecting different levels of charge carriers and ion mobile in the resin system. High levels of mobile ions were also observed when zinc oxide and silica were used as pigments. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials : titanium dioxide pigments - Surface area - Other pigments - Resins - Formulation of powder coating - Dielectric measurements - Dielectric theory results and discussion - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Unpigmented resin with modaflow - Unpigmented resin without modaflow - RESIN CONTAINING TITANIUM DIOXIDE PIGMENT : Titanium dioxide produced via the chloride route : Titanium dioxide produced via the sulfate route - Investigation of the possible influence of zinc oxide and silica on the relaxations DOI : 10.1007/s11998-012-9405-y En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11998-012-9405-y.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=16024 [article]

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Effect of surface treatments of titanium dioxide pigments on the cure of polyester/triglycidyl isocyanurate powder coatings / Stanley Affrossman in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 12, N° 6 (11/2015)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH > Vol. 12, N° 6 (11/2015) . - p. 1053-1064 Titre : Effect of surface treatments of titanium dioxide pigments on the cure of polyester/triglycidyl isocyanurate powder coatings Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Stanley Affrossman, Auteur ; Anthony McKee, Auteur ; Richard A. Pethrick, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p. 1053-1064 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Analyse thermomécanique dynamique Dioxyde de titane Isocyanurate de triglycidyle Pigments inorganiques Polyesters Revêtements poudre Traîtements de surface Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : Titanium dioxide pigments will typically have an inorganic surface coating based on a blend of alumina and silica and an organic treatment. Both the organic and inorganic treatments can influence the cure characteristics of polyester powder coatings. This paper attempts to explore the connectivity between the nature of the coating and the cure behavior of a typical heat-cured epoxidized isocyanurate formulation. It is found that a high silica:alumina content in the inorganic pacification layer significantly retards the cure process, but is influenced by the nature of the organic treatment. The organic surface treatment may accelerate or retard the initial cure process and gelation times. Elemental analysis indicates that some of the pigments studied have a significantly higher zirconium content and exhibited enhanced cure rates compared with those with the lower zirconium content. This paper illustrates the potential effects of different grades of titanium dioxide on the cure of polyester powder coatings. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials - Titanium dioxide pigments - Surface area measurements - Powder coating production - Strathclyde curometer - Thermally stimulated discharge measurements - Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Curometer measurements - Effects of organic surface treatment of the pigment on the cure behavior - Trimethyol propane (TMP)- Triethylamine (TEA) - Trimethyol propane (TMP)/polyethylene wax - Modaflow effects on cure - Effect of pigment loading in a Modaflow-free coating - Effect of pigment loading with 1% Modaflow being present - Effect of pigment loading with 4% Modaflow being present - Conclusion from the curometer study - Thermally stimulated discharge spectroscopy TSD - Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis DOI : 10.1007/s11998-015-9697-9 En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11998-015-9697-9.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24957 [article]

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Polymer structure characterization / Richard A. Pethrick / Cambridge [Royaume-Uni] : The Royal Society of Chemistry (2007)

Titre : Polymer structure characterization : From nano to macro organization Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Richard A. Pethrick, Auteur Editeur : Cambridge [Royaume-Uni] : The Royal Society of Chemistry Année de publication : 2007 Importance : XVII-334 p. Présentation : ill. Format : 24 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-0-85404-466-5 Prix : 78 E Note générale : Index - Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Caractérisation Polymères -- Structure Polymères cristallins Structure cristalline (solide) Index. décimale : 668.9 Polymères Résumé : 1. Concept of structure-property relationships in molecular solids and polymers / 2. Crystal growth in small molecular systems / 3. Liquid crystalline state of matter / 4. Plastic crytals / 5. Morphology of crystalline polymers and methods for its investigation / 6. Polymer crystal growth / 7. Glasses and amorphous material / 8. Polymer blends and phase separation / 9. Molecular surfaces / 10. Polymer surfaces and interfaces / 11. Colloids and molecular organization in liquids / 12. Molecular organization and higher order structures. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=1850

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Rheological studies of the cure of epoxy/powder coatings containing titanium dioxide / Emile C. Trottier in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 9, N° 6 (11/2012)  

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