A consideration of the mechanism of oil tanning and its method of analysis / Hiroshi Okamura in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXIX (Année 1974)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXIX (Année 1974) . - p. 322-339 Titre : A consideration of the mechanism of oil tanning and its method of analysis Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Hiroshi Okamura, Auteur ; Kunio Shirai, Auteur Année de publication : 1974 Article en page(s) : p. 322-339 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Auto-oxydation Azote Chamoisage Le chamoisage est une technique artisanale qui consiste à fabriquer un type de cuir très souple et de grande qualité, utilisé notamment dans la ganterie. L'atelier où se pratique cette activité est appelé une "chamoiserie", tandis que l'artisan dont c'est la spécialité est un "chamoiseur". Ce cuir était autrefois fabriqué à partir de peaux de chamois (d'où l'origine du mois "chamoisage") traitées avec de l'huile de poisson, ce qui en faisait un produit rare et cher. Les artisans essayaient donc de fabriquer des cuirs aux qualités approchantes en utilisant la peau d'animaux d'élevage, un tel cuir est alors appelé "peau chamoisée". Le chamoisage est désormais pratiqué sur les mêmes types de peaux que celles utilisées en mégisserie (agneau, chèvre, vachette, mouton…). Il met en Å“uvre les mêmes opérations que la mégisserie jusqu'à l'étape de "gonflement". Les peaux sont alors étendues et enduites avec de l'huile de poisson, puis frappées avec un fouloir pour faire pénétrer l'huile. Durant cette étape on expose régulièrement les peaux à l'air (on les "évente"), tout en ajoutant de l'huile. La dernière opération du chamoisage est le "remaillage" qui consiste à faire "cotonner" la peau en arrachant sa "fleur" avec un couteau qui ne tranche pas. Un sous-produit du chamoisage, le "dégras", est très recherché par les corroyeurs pour apprêter leurs cuirs. Il existe une norme française AFNOR qui s'applique aux peaux chamoisées : NF G59-001 de janvier 1981, Cuirs et peaux - Peaux chamoisées - Présentation, dimensions et marquage. Cuirs et peaux Huiles et graisses -- Oxydation Poudre de peaux Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Oil tanning and the mechanism of oil tanning need a new, effective and more detailed means of analysis. The authors introduced the dissolved nitrogen method as a quantitative indicator of oil tannage. The results evaluated by this method agreed well with those obtained from the measurement of combined oil and the shrinkage temperature of the leather. Moreover, it reflected the progress of oil tanning more closely. Hide powders with a 32 percent moisture content were incubated with pre-oxidized cod oil in an organic solvent medium under oxygen-free conditions. This incubation caused an apparent reduction in the peroxide content of the oil in contact with the hide powder. An apparent tanning effect produced in the system was evaluated by the dissolved nitrogen method. From the relation between the reduction in oil peroxide content and the quantity of dissolved nitrogen, it is postulated that the peroxide of cod oil can combine directly with somewhat moist hide powders to produce an oil tannage. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials - Method of oil tanning - Analysis oxidized oil - Analysis of tanned hide powders - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Examination of conditions for determining dissolved nitrogen - Examination of a few factors participating in oil tanning - Effects of moisture on oil tanning - Reaction of peroxides in oxidized oil with hide powders - Table 1 : Effect of autoxidation catalyst - Table 2 : Change in amino acid composition of hide after oil tanning En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cVCBWBweFgLx2PZt3whE65xp65OLihYF/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=41369 [article]

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Ions eluted from leathers and their corrosiveness to metals / Yasumasa Chonan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXXVII, N° 11 (11/1992)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXXVII, N° 11 (11/1992) . - p. 409-418 Titre : Ions eluted from leathers and their corrosiveness to metals Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Yasumasa Chonan, Auteur ; Hiroshi Okamura, Auteur ; Keiji Yoshimura, Auteur Année de publication : 1992 Article en page(s) : p. 409-418 Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : It is well known that metals annexed to leathers are easily corroded and various kinds of troubles come from this corrosion. However, the reasons for this corrosion have not been clarified. The present study has been made only for chrome-plated steel pipes. In the corrosion of steel annexed to leather, chloride ion eluted from leather is considered to be the main factor for the corrosion except in a few cases. In addition to chloride ion, eluted sulfate ion is thought to be the secondary factor although its effect on corrosion was observed although much chloride ion was eluted. This may be explained by the fact that there is no contact between a steel pipe and eluted chloride ion due to limited water vapor permeability of a leather surface in contact with a steel pipe or there is a painted surface on a pipe. If a different kind of metal is annexed to leather, different kinds of eluted ions may be considered to be responsible for corrosion of the metal. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/18E_G0g4h7a0lfM_iHu4ZUIpsPJIp9pv0/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=8268 [article]

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Observation of skins, hides and leathers with scanning electron microscope, IV. Changes in pig skins during bating process / Kohkichi Uehara in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXXII (Année 1987)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXXII (Année 1987) . - p. 33-40 Titre : Observation of skins, hides and leathers with scanning electron microscope, IV. Changes in pig skins during bating process Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Kohkichi Uehara, Auteur ; Harukazu Toyoda, Auteur ; Yasumasa Chonan, Auteur ; Hiroshi Okamura, Auteur Année de publication : 1987 Article en page(s) : p. 33-40 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The changes of the grain structure in pig skins during the bating process were observed with the scanning electron microscope. In addition, the amount of hydroxyproline released from pig skins during the bating process was determined and some physical properties of the bated skin pieces were measured. The humps of dermal papillae in the delimed skins were slight and the surface of papillae was flat. When the delimed skin was incubated with buffer solutions at pH 7.5 for 4 hr, the papillae swelled and the shapes of the surface were spherical, depresed or wrinkled. At a magnification of below 1,000 times, a new network structure was frequently observed in the surface of papillae of the skin pieces treated with pancreatin of Bacillus subtilis (B. sub) protease. This network was composed of the bundled grain fibrils. The grain fibrils in the delimed skin coalesced with each other and were surrounded with some amorphous substances. When treated with pancreatin, the grain fibrils were clearly exposed and separated from each other as shown by the micrographs only at high magnification. The amount of hydroxyproline released from the skin pieces during the enzyme treatment for 4 hr was less than 1%. The values of surface elongation and strain measured with a Tensometer decreased in the pieces treated with pancreatin or sub. protease. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hLnma872R1W2Xo1wBrRU-eaWWik1yXVB/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=8962 [article]

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Studies on incineration of chrome leather waste / Tetsuo Imai in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXXVI, N° 8 (08/1991)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXXVI, N° 8 (08/1991) . - p. 281-294 Titre : Studies on incineration of chrome leather waste Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Tetsuo Imai, Auteur ; Hiroshi Okamura, Auteur Année de publication : 1991 Article en page(s) : p. 281-294 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : For incineration of chrome leather wastes by non-polluting methods, we installed an experimental dry distillation furnace consisting of primary and secondary incinerating chambers with an alkaline scrubber and a water-warming boiler. Investigation were performed on incinerating conditions to reduce the toxic gas components, and on the effect of the scrubber on removing them; the incinerated residue including chrome was roasted for chrome recovery. SO2 was removed completely by the alkaline scrubber. By step-wise raised temperature incineration NOx and dust were suppressed to acceptable levels of pollution control. It was ascertained that the recovered ashes could be applied to the process of reparing bichromate as a raw material. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dpHWvR91ofg3n9HTQ7A5PY4qgAduqcnQ/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=8477 [article]

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