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Modeling the penetration of polymer into paper during extrusion coating / Mubarak Khlewee in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 19, N° 1 (01/2022)
[article]
Titre : Modeling the penetration of polymer into paper during extrusion coating Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Mubarak Khlewee, Auteur ; Mohammed Al-Gharrawi, Auteur ; Doug Bousfield, Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : p. 25-34 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Adhésion
Enduction
Extrusion (mécanique)
Fibres cellulosiques
Modèles mathématiques
Nanofibres
Papier -- Revêtements
Papier et carton couché
Pénétration (physique)
Polyéthylène
Revêtements organiques
ThermocinétiqueIndex. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : During the extrusion coating of paper or paperboard, a molten film of polymer is pressed against a paper surface to generate waterproof packaging materials. Hot-melt glues are also applied to various porous materials and paperboard to generate packaging. In both cases, the penetration of the polymer into the pore space influences the product performance and the ability of the product to be recycled at the end of life. While there is much experimental work discussing various parameters in these operations, little theoretical work has been reported. Here, a simple model based on Darcy’s law is proposed to predict the penetration of polyethylene (PE) into paper and paper that has been coated with cellulose nanofibers (CNF). Another model, based on the flow of a polymer into a pore that includes dynamic heat transfer is developed, where the viscosity is a function of temperature. Experiments were conducted where a PE film is pressed against samples and the amount of fiber recovery is characterized. The model predictions are compared to experimental results. Good agreement for different paper types, pressing times, and temperatures is obtained after a calibration factor is used. DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-021-00487-9 En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11998-021-00487-9.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=37142
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 23313 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible A novel method for high-resolution imaging of coating distribution within a rough-textured plywood surface / Adya P. Singh in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 4, N° 2 (06/2007)
[article]
Titre : A novel method for high-resolution imaging of coating distribution within a rough-textured plywood surface Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Adya P. Singh, Auteur ; Bernard S. W. Dawson ; Anni Ratz, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p. 207-210 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Bois -- Teinture
Contreplaqué
Huiles et graisses
Imagerie numérique
Interfaces (Sciences physiques)
Microscopie électronique à balayage
Pénétration (physique)Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : A new method was developed which enabled us to obtain high-resolution images of the distribution of an oil-borne stain in a saw-textured plywood surface. The method involved treating 90 µm thick plywood sections, which had been cut transversely through the wood-coating interface using a sliding microtome, with osmium tetroxide (OsO4) prior to examination with a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) operating in backscattered electron imaging (BEI) mode. The combination of OsO4 staining and use of FE-SEM-BEI afforded excellent contrast differentiation between the coating and wood cell walls, revealing coating penetration into even nano-size cell wall cracks and delaminations formed during band-sawing of the plywood. The novel technique described adds a new dimension to probing wood-coating interface. DOI : 10.1007/s11998-007-9019-y En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11998-007-9019-y.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3663
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 008269 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Numerical analysis for predicting the operability window of slot-die coating onto porous media / Tomomi Goda in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 14, N° 5 (09/2017)
[article]
Titre : Numerical analysis for predicting the operability window of slot-die coating onto porous media Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Tomomi Goda, Auteur ; Yuichi Sasaki, Auteur ; Mamoru Mizuno, Auteur ; Kazuhiko Morizawa, Auteur ; Hitoshi Hatakura, Auteur ; Shigetaka Tomiya, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 1053-1060 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Analyse numérique
Enduction par filière
Matériaux poreux
Pénétration (physique)
RevêtementsIndex. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : The ability to coat porous media is critical for forming composite functional thin films. A major technical concern for accurately predicting this process is that the flow of the coating bead and the penetration process must be considered. These phenomena strongly influence each other. Therefore, both the flow into porous media and the coating-bead flow should be simultaneously treated. In this study, the target is a high-productivity coating system based on a roll-to-roll process using a slot die. Slot-die coating is a premetered, precision coating method. We investigated the coating of porous media to estimate the practical operability window and the penetration depth using two-dimensional numerical analysis. For this purpose, both the coating-bead pressure and the capillary pressure were considered as driving forces of penetration. Moreover, the curvature of the backup roll opposite the slot die was also taken into account to achieve an accurate estimation. We demonstrate that the penetration depth and operability window for defect-free coatings can be well estimated and that the results are consistent with experimental results. Note de contenu : Fig. 1. (a) Scheme of the experimental setup. (b) Scheme of the setup for slot-die coating onto porous media
Fig. 2. The calculated region and the boundary conditions
Fig. 3. Mesh information near the coating gap
Fig. 4. Effect of penetration and coating speed on the operability window and a plot of the coating gap vs. the coating-bead length ; (a), (b), and (c) show each state of the coating bead when the flow is steady
Fig. 5. Effect of penetration and coating speed on the operability window, plotted as the coating gap vs. the coating speed (a) on nonporous media and (b) on porous media. Defect-free cases are plotted as ‘‘s’’ and coating-defect cases are plotted as "3."
Fig. 6. Effect of the coating speed on the penetration depth. * Bead breakup occurred. ** When the coating speed was 5 m/min, the penetration depth reached the bottom of the porous medium
Fig. 7. Effect of coating speed on the coating-bead flow rate at different coating gaps
Fig. 8. Pressure distribution through the coating bead in a 31-lm gap. (a) Coating speed U = 20 m/min. (b) Coating speed U = 5 m/min
Fig. 9. Pressure distribution (a) through the coating bead and (b) of the penetration force in (1) 38-lm and (2) 31-lm gaps. (a-1) Coating gap H = 38 lm. (a-2) Coating gap H = 31 lm. (b-1) Coating gap H = 38 lm. (b-2) Coating gap H = 31 lm
Table 1 : Processing parameters and material properties for the coating experiments
Table 2 : Ranges of the dimensionless Reynolds, capillary, and Stokes numbers
Table 3 : Experimental conditions and results for the defect-free and bead breakup casesDOI : 10.1007/s11998-017-9985-7 En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11998-017-9985-7.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=29140
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 19230 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Penetration of different molecular weight hydrolysed keratins into hair fibres and their effects on the physical properties of textured hair / Ernesta Malinauskyte in INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Vol. 43, N° 1 (02/2021)
[article]
Titre : Penetration of different molecular weight hydrolysed keratins into hair fibres and their effects on the physical properties of textured hair Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Ernesta Malinauskyte, Auteur ; R. Shrestha, Auteur ; P. A. Cornwell, Auteur ; Simon Gourion-Arsiquaud, Auteur ; M. Hindley, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 26-37 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cheveux -- Propriétés mécaniques
Cheveux défrisés -- Soins et hygiène
Cosmétiques
Hydrolysats de protéines
kératineLa kératine est une protéine, synthétisée et utilisée par de nombreux êtres vivants comme élément de structure, et également l'exemple-type de protéine fibreuse.
La kératine est insoluble, et peut être retrouvée sur l'épiderme de certains animaux, notamment les mammifères, ce qui leur garantit une peau imperméable. Parfois, lors d'une friction trop importante, la kératine se développe à la surface de la peau formant une callosité. Les cellules qui produisent la kératine meurent et sont remplacées continuellement. Les morceaux de kératine qui restent emprisonnés dans les cheveux sont couramment appelés des pellicules.
La molécule de kératine est hélicoïdale et fibreuse, elle s'enroule autour d'autres molécules de kératine pour former des filaments intermédiaires. Ces protéines contiennent un haut taux d'acides aminés à base de soufre, principalement la cystéine, qui forment un pont disulfure entre les molécules, conférant sa rigidité à l'ensemble. La chevelure humaine est constituée à 14 % de cystéine.
Il y a deux principales formes de kératines : l'alpha-kératine, ou α-keratin, présente chez les mammifères notamment, dont l'humain, et la bêta-kératine, ou β-keratin, que l'on retrouve chez les reptiles et les oiseaux. Ces deux types de kératines ne présentent clairement pas d'homologie de séquence.
Chez l'être humain, la kératine est fabriquée par les kératinocytes, cellules se trouvant dans la couche profonde de l'épiderme. Les kératinocytes absorbent la mélanine (pigment fabriqué par les mélanocytes), se colorent et ainsi cette pigmentation de l'épiderme permet de protéger les kératinocytes des rayons ultraviolets du Soleil.
Pénétration (physique)
Peptides
Poids moléculaires
Produits capillaires
Traction (mécanique)Index. décimale : 668.5 Parfums et cosmétiques Résumé : - Objective : To investigate the effects of different molecular weight (MW), wool derived hydrolysed keratins (i.e. peptides) on the physical properties of relaxed textured hair.
- Methods : Very curly hair of African origin was relaxed using sodium hydroxide-based treatment. Relaxed hair was treated with different MW peptides derived from keratin protein and an amino acid, L-Leucine. The low-MW keratin peptides were 221 Da, the mid-MW keratin peptides were approximately 2577 Da, and the high-MW keratin peptides were approximately 75 440 Da. The penetration of these different peptides into relaxed hair was evaluated using a laser scanning micrometre and by fluorescence microscopy. The effect of these compounds on single-fibre mechanical properties and thermal properties was evaluated using tensile and DSC testing, respectively.
- Results : Low- and mid-MW compounds were able to penetrate deep into the hair cortex. High-MW peptide adsorbed onto the hair surface and possibly slightly penetrated into the outer layers of the fibre surface. Both mid- and high-MW keratin peptides, increased Young’s modulus and reduced hair breakage at 20% and 80% relative humidity. With the exception of mid-MW peptide, other peptides and amino acid were not able to modify thermal properties of relaxed textured hair.
- Conclusions : Our data suggest that low-MW compounds may increase hair volume, and high-MW peptides may repair damage on freshly relaxed textured hair.Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Hair samples - Relaxing procedure - Amino acid and keratin peptide ingredients - Preparation of fluorescently labelled keratin peptides - Penetration of labelled keratin peptides into hair fibres - Scanning electron microscopy - Hair diameter and single-fibre tensile testing studies - Differential scanning calorimetry - Statistical analysis
- RESULTS : Effects of peptide treatments on fibre cross-sectional area - Penetration of labelled keratin peptides into hair fibres - Pre-existing mechanical damage of hair via SEM - Surface coverage by mid- and high-MW peptide treatments via SEM - Effects of peptide treatments on hair stiffness - Effects of peptide treatments on hair breakage - Effects of peptide treatments on thermal properties of hair
DISCUSSION : Fluorescence microscopy - Penetration of keratin peptides - Effects of treatments on hair stiffness - Effects of treatments on hair breakage
- Table : The treatment effect on the premature breakage (number of prematurely broken fibres per 50 tested fibres)DOI : https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12663 En ligne : https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ics.12663 Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=35441
in INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE > Vol. 43, N° 1 (02/2021) . - p. 26-37[article]Permeability coefficients and vapour pressure determination for fragrance materials / Rafael N. Almeida in INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Vol. 43, N° 2 (04/2021)
[article]
Titre : Permeability coefficients and vapour pressure determination for fragrance materials Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Rafael N. Almeida, Auteur ; João G. M. Hartz, Auteur ; PatrÃcia F. Costa, Auteur ; Alirio E. Rodrigues, Auteur ; Rubem M. F. Vargas, Auteur ; Eduardo Cassel, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 225-234 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Caractérisation
Evaporation
Franz, Cellules de
Modèles numériques
Parfums
Pénétration (physique)
StatistiquesIndex. décimale : 668.5 Parfums et cosmétiques Résumé : - Objective : This study aims to correlate new experimental data relevant to the description of the combined evaporation/permeation process of a perfume applied onto the skin.
- Methods : The vapour pressure data were measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTA). The Antoine constants and the Clarke and Glew parameters were determined for the same set of fragrance molecules to describe its low vapour pressures at new temperature ranges. The permeability coefficient of a set of 14 fragrance molecules in ethanolic solution was determined by Franz diffusion cell experiments, using porcine skin. The samples were analysed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and high-performance liquid chromatography with UV visible detector (HPLC/UV). A QSAR model was proposed to correlate the experimental data.
- Results : The Antoine constants were determined and presented low standard deviations. The Clarke and Glew physically significant parameters were obtained along with its statistical analysis. The fitting is good since the magnitude order is in accordance with the literature, associated with the low correlation between the estimated parameters and low standard deviations. The presented correlation, based on a mixture using only ethanol as solvent, showed better results than previous QSAR models with a standard relative deviation (δr) of 0.190, a standard error (SE) of 0.397 and a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.7786.
- Conclusion : The dataset is still small compared to larger and more general QSAR models; however, it is much more specific as to the type of solvent and class of materials studied. This work represents an advance for the modelling of the perfume diffusion process since it specifies important properties that until then had been treated in a more general way.Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Chemicals - Pig ears skin preparation - In vitro skin permeation - Quantification - Vapour pressure - Permeability coefficient and QSAR model
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Vapour pressure - Permeability coefficient
- Table 1 : Properties of the fragrance materials
- Table 2 : Antoine estimated vapour pressure parameters
- Table 3 : Parameters of Clarke and Glew equation derived from vapour pressure data at the reference temperatureθ = 298.15 K and pressureP0 = 105 Pa
- Table 4 : Experimental and correlated skin permeability coefficients of the studied fragrance materialsDOI : https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12686 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/18HTF-vxqg4d2pCyRDXWoFdF7xZbCKBPZ/view?usp=shari [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=35874
in INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE > Vol. 43, N° 2 (04/2021) . - p. 225-234[article]Photodegradation depth profile and penetration of light in Japanese cedar earlywood (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) exposed to artificial solar radiation / Y. Kataoka in SURFACE COATINGS INTERNATIONAL. PART B : COATINGS TRANSACTIONS, Vol. 87, B3 (09/2004)
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