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Auteur Cheng-Kung Liu
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United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Eastern Regional Research Center - Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA - USA
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Staking and its interaction with fatliquoring on vacuum-dried leather / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVII, N° 9 (09/2002)
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Titre : Staking and its interaction with fatliquoring on vacuum-dried leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Cheng-Kung Liu, Auteur ; Nicholas P. Latona, Auteur ; Gary L. DiMaio Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 329-338 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Staking is one of the key leather making operations to soften leather and to improve its pliability. Besides the number of staking passes, there are many other factors affecting the action of staking, and consequently theresultant physical properties of staked leather. Fatliquoring, for example, is another process to soften leather and will influence the results of staking. There is no report so far, however, to demonstrate the interaction of fatliquoring and staking on softening leather. This investigation is devoted to this important subject, aiming at a better understanding of their interaction on pliability and other important properties of concern to the leather industry, such as mechanical strength, elongation, toughness and area retention. We therefore have conducted a systematic study, using the SAS statistical program, to formulate their interactive relationship on the physical properties of leather. Observation showed that the tensile strength and tear strength both increase steadily with increasing number of staking passes. This trend slowly reverses, however, as the fatliquor concentration increases. Even more intricate is the effect of fatliquor on the behavior of staking softening. Without fatliquor, staking actually stiffens the leather. Data showed the softening action of staking only becomes effective after fatliquor concentration reaches a certain level. Area measurements showed no obvious link between the amount of staking and area retention. An association was observed, however, between the residual water content and area retention. The leather after vacuum drying with less residual water content shows better area yield. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1e75Zbd7iagogR-f6nh2HL_sp5nodnkgb/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4270
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCVII, N° 9 (09/2002) . - p. 329-338[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 001578 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Tearing behavior of chrome-tanned leather / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCIV, N° 4 (06/1999)
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Titre : Tearing behavior of chrome-tanned leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Cheng-Kung Liu, Auteur ; Michael D. Mcclintick, Auteur Année de publication : 1999 Article en page(s) : p. 129-145 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Tearing tests were performed along with tensile tests on chrome-tanned leather to clarify the difference between the teraing and tensile behaviors and their fracture mechanisms. For the tearing tests, a unique zigzag fracture pattern was observed due to the fluctuations in the tearing force, whereas the tensile tests demonstrated a uniform fracture pattern. Observations also showed that strain rate does not significantly affect tearing strength, but slightly affects tensile strength. Both strengths increase with increasing moisture content until certain levels, beyond which they start to decrease with increasing moisture content. A drastic difference between these two strengths is demonstrated in their response to sampling angle change. Tearing strength showed little variation with the change of sampling angle, whereas the tensile strength was maximum when sampled parallel to the backbone, then steadily decreased when sampling angle deviated from the backbone line. Statistical analysis showed that the tensile strength did not correlate well to tearing strength, whereas a good correlation was observed between fracture energy and tearing strength. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials - Statistical modeling - Tearing and tensile tests - Measurement of the fracture energy
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Force-elongation curves - Regression model and analysis of variance - Strain rate - Moisture content - Sampling angle - Correlation between tearing strenght and fracture energy - Effects of staking and fatliquoringEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zE_EOB9A_Jf0oCkOA_F6jHH_GHiq4iWX/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4456
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCIV, N° 4 (06/1999) . - p. 129-145[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 006974 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible The prediction of leather mechanical properties from airborne ultrasonic testing of hides / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXII, N° 3 (03/2017)
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Titre : The prediction of leather mechanical properties from airborne ultrasonic testing of hides Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Cheng-Kung Liu, Auteur ; Nicholas P. Latona, Auteur ; Mathew Brady, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 94-101 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Contrôle non destructif
Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés mécaniques
Essais (technologie)
Prévision, Théorie de la
UltrasonsIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : High quality, clean, and well-preserved hides are paramount for competitiveness in both domestic and export markets. Currently, hides are visually inspected and ranked for quality and sale price, which is not reliable when hair is present on the hides. Advanced technologies are needed to nondestructively and accurately characterize the quality of hides and enable one to predict the mechanical properties of leather. Research was carried out to develop airborne ultrasonic (AU) methods to nondestructively characterize the quality of hides that are useful for predicting the mechanical properties of leather. The developed nondestructive method is based on measuring the AU waves transmitted through the hide samples. We performed a systematic study and used a statistical experimental design to establish the relationship between key test parameters and responding AU quantities, thereby establishing proper AU testing methods for hides. Moreover, observations showed AU parameters derived from the distributions of Time of Flight (TOFd) and the amplitude of transmitted waves (AMPd) have a strong correlation with the mechanical properties of leather. This study demonstrated that the tensile strength, stiffness, elongation, and toughness of leather could be nondestructively predicted by the physical quantities obtained from AU testing of hides. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Experimental design
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Stiffness - Leather toughnessEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ABrywhjMBCw7fpp0jr2zZ-oYGbtKseiF/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=27981
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 18734 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible The quality of leather estimated from airborne ultrasonic testing of hides / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXV, N° 2 (02/2020)
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Titre : The quality of leather estimated from airborne ultrasonic testing of hides Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Cheng-Kung Liu, Auteur ; Nusheng Chen, Auteur ; Nicholas P. Latona, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 63-71 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Analyse de variance En statistique, l'analyse de la variance (terme souvent abrégé par le terme anglais ANOVA : ANalysis Of VAriance) est un ensemble de modèles statistiques utilisés pour vérifier si les moyennes des groupes proviennent d'une même population. Les groupes correspondent aux modalités d'une variable qualitative (p. ex. variable : traitement; modalités : programme d'entrainement sportif, suppléments alimentaires ; placebo) et les moyennes sont calculés à partir d'une variable continue (p. ex. gain musculaire).
Ce test s'applique lorsque l'on mesure une ou plusieurs variables explicatives catégorielles (appelées alors facteurs de variabilité, leurs différentes modalités étant parfois appelées "niveaux") qui ont de l'influence sur la loi d'une variable continue à expliquer. On parle d'analyse à un facteur lorsque l'analyse porte sur un modèle décrit par un seul facteur de variabilité, d'analyse à deux facteurs ou d'analyse multifactorielle sinon. (Wikipedia)
Contrôle non destructif
Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse
Elasticité
Essais dynamiques
Plan d'expérience
Qualité -- Contrôle
UltrasonsIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : High-quality hides are paramount for competitiveness in both domestic and export markets. Currently, hides are visually inspected and ranked for quality and sale price, which is not always reliable when hair is present on the hides. Advanced technologies are needed to nondestructively and accurately characterize the quality of hides and enable one to estimate the qualitative and mechanical properties of leather. We were the first to carry out research for airborne ultrasonic (AU) methods to nondestructively characterize the quality of hides. The developed nondestructive method is based on measuring the AU waves transmitted through the hide samples. Research results demonstrated that the average amplitude distribution received from the ultrasonic wave transmitted through the hide samples yielded the best correlation with the AU test variables: gain, speed, and frequency. Observations showed AU parameters derived from the average distribution values for amplitude (AMPa) and time of flight (TOFa) have a correlation with the quality of leather. This study demonstrated that the fullness, overall characteristic, tensile strength, stiffness, elongation, and toughness of leather could be nondestructively estimated by the ultrasonic quantities obtained from AU testing of hides. Note de contenu : - THEORY
- EXPERIMENTAL : Materials and methods - Experimental design - Quality assessment - Mechanical property testsDOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v115i2.1486 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1TfDRV1n_G7mfno9peMVz56szvUPRGo7L/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33892
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 21627 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible The use of acoustic emission in predicting the tensile strength of leather / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCIV, N° 1 (01/1999)
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Titre : The use of acoustic emission in predicting the tensile strength of leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Cheng-Kung Liu, Auteur ; Michael D. Mcclintick, Auteur Année de publication : 1999 Article en page(s) : p. 8-19 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : This investigation is to establish a foundation for developing a nondestructive tester with an acoustic analyzer for predicting the tensile strength of leather. Observations showed an excellent correlation between the tensile strength of leather and the corresponding acoustic cumulative energy at break, read from an acoustic emission analyzer. Moreover, a linear relationship was observed between the acoustic cumulative energy at break at the initial acoustic cumulative energy when leather was stretched to 10 percent of it original length more importantly, a correlation was observed between the initial acoustic cumulative energy and the tensile strength of leather. The implication of these phenomnea is that the tensile strength of leather may be predicted without reaking the leather, by measuring the initial acoustic cumulative energy and the tensile strength of leather. The implication of these phenomena is that the tensile strength of leather may be predicted without breaking the leather, by measuring the initial acoustic cumulative energy. the result of this study thus provides an essential base facilitating the possible design of a portable leather stretcher attached with an acoustic cumulative energy. The result of this study thus provides an essential base facilitating the possible design of a portable leather stretcher attached with an acoustic sensor. This would allow the prediction of tensile strength by measuring the cumulative acoustic energy during initial stretching without breaking or damaging the leather. Note de contenu : - EXPRIMENTAL : Materials - Principle of acoustic emission - Methods and apparatus
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Acoustic events (hits vs time) - Amplitude distribution - Acoustic energy patterns - Acoustic cumulative energy - Relationship between tensile strength and acoustic cumulative energy - Initial cumulative energy vs acoustic cumulative energy at break - Initial cumulative energy vs tensile strengthEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ldIRjSYwmwnBdx2zotk8LkChDXRSrG0M/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4491
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 006971 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible The use of mixed tocopherols to improve UV and heat resistance of leather / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CV, N° 1 (01/2010)
PermalinkThermal stability and degradation kinetics of vegetable-tanned collagen fiber with in-situ precipitated calcium cabonate / Jie Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXIII, N° 11 (11/2018)
PermalinkThermogravimetric analysis and pyrolysis kinetics of tannery wastes in an inert atmosphere / Lan Luo in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXV, N° 4 (04/2020)
PermalinkTreatment of hides with tara-modified protein products / Maryann M. Taylor in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVIII, N° 12 (12/2013)
PermalinkTreatment of wet blue with fillers produced from quebracho-modified gelatin / Maryann M. Taylor in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVII, N° 12 (12/2012)
PermalinkUtilization of agricultural by-products to partially replace gelatin in preparation of products for leather / Maryann M. Taylor in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CX, N° 1 (01/2015)
PermalinkWhey protein isolate : a potential filler for the leather industry / Eduard Hernà ndez Balada in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIV, N° 4 (04/2009)
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