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UV oxidation and recovery system for tannery unhairing waste / Imogene. L. Chang in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 7-23 Titre : UV oxidation and recovery system for tannery unhairing waste Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Imogene. L. Chang, Auteur ; Nicholas. S. Zaleiko, Auteur ; A. Peterson, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 7-23 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Déchets Déchets -- Elimination Déchets organiques -- Recyclage Epilage -- Aspect de l'environnement Huiles et graisses Photo-oxydation Protéines Radicaux libres (chimie) Rayonnement ultraviolet Récupération (Déchets, etc.) Séparation (technologie) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The free radical oxidation process as tested in the pilot system was found to be effective in the treatment of protein containing waste-streams of the tannery operations. The basic techniques are equally applicable to protein containing wastes that originate in dairy, meat packing, and other food-related industries. The mechanism of breakdown proceeds through an oxidative chain reaction, the concentration of H2O2, metal ion catalyst, UV irradiation and cavitation. Ninety percent of TOC reduction of tannery waste was achieved in a pilot system with 2 minutes of UV irradiation. The addition of a liquid-solid separation step, allow for the recovery of organic fats, thus reducing the organic load on the actual treatment system. The recovered fats can then be used for decreasing the overall costs of treatment. The recovery of proteins by gravity, sedimentation, precipitation, washing and drying, will further reduce the organic load to the treatment system. This recovered material may be a source of additional income to the tannery. In view of rising costs both these recovery systems should be evaluated more completely, as presently a potential source of income to the tannery is being washed down the sewer. Note de contenu : - Fat and protein recovery system - Process Design En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1x5jSgxkRq6e9pCIpu_47pQn18Jchivp0/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17407 [article]

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Enhanced clarification of tannery wastewater / Bruce. M. Poole in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 24-34 Titre : Enhanced clarification of tannery wastewater Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Bruce. M. Poole, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 24-34 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Alun Chaux Coagulation Dioxyde de carbone Eaux usées -- Recyclage Filtration Filtres Floculation Permanganate de potassium Polymères Tannage -- Aspect de l'environnement Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The chemical coagulation of tannery wastewater can lower suspended solids and BOD to levels acceptable by publicity-owned treatment works (POTWs). Lime (Ca(OH)2), a suspended solid that exists as a colloid at high pHs, is very difficult to remove through simple sedimentation. The composite suspended solids for a Beam and Tan facility after clarification alone, ranges from 750 to 1500 mg/l. Flocculation of the wastewater before settling increased efficiency of removal and produced affluent suspended solids below 500 mg/l. Experiments with potassium permanganate, alum, carbon dioxide and polymers showed that addition of alum was a cost-effective means of reducing suspended solids. The large quantity of lime present in tannery wastewater provided sufficient alkalinity for floc formation and particle entrainment. The utilization of passive tube settlers and rapid sand filtration further enhanced solids removal. Note de contenu : - PILOT TESTS : Test at Berling tanning company - test at pownal tanning company En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1KQzVDYqU9RAYil8MvbR0qABZPoPWkGxa/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17408 [article]

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Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions-regulatory requirements and control options / Earl L. Hanson in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 35-37 Titre : Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions-regulatory requirements and control options Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Earl L. Hanson, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 35-37 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The purpose of this paper is to discuss the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) and summarize the options available to tanners for reducing the effect of these compounds on the environment. Unlike most other pollutants, VOC's are not found in highest concentrations in the ambient air closest to their point of emission, decreasing in concentration with distance from the source. The problem with VOC's is not with the compounds themselves, but with their reaction with nitrogen oxides, under the right atmospheric conditions, to form ozone. Note de contenu : - Formation of Ozone - Role of EPA - Options for control of VOC Emissions En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1QMMVuLFfz1mTgNY_Lpc24cub-8fC7g8j/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17414 [article]

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Treat your tannery waste to en oxidation ditch / William L. Berk in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 38-49 Titre : Treat your tannery waste to en oxidation ditch Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : William L. Berk, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 38-49 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Acceptance and application of the oxidation ditch is expanding because of its simplicity, ease of operation, ease of maintenance, low cost of operation, flexibility, and low initial capital investment. The ditch configuration, with its controlled complete mixing and high and low turbulence zones, is unique for aeration reactors. The rotor, with its great flexibility of efficient oxygenation input, its excellent mixing capability through the full range of immersions and speeds, and its adaptability to the ditch configuration, is not available in other aeration devices. The process requires an minimum amount of operation and can stand shock loads. The sludge produced is well flocculated, easily settled, well aged and extensively mineralized, and the excess sludge is at a minimum. Most importantly, the effluent produced is of a high quality. For these reasons, you should investigate the possibility of treating your tannery waste to an oxidation ditch. Note de contenu : - Process flow sheet - Specific design parameters - General design consideration - Special features of the oxidation ditch - Operation of plants En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/152KTsy8floQ5_hyzj3fhayOvBbuUFGCj/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17415 [article]

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The use of dicarbamoylsulfonates as tanning agents / Brian Milligan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 70-83 Titre : The use of dicarbamoylsulfonates as tanning agents Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Brian Milligan, Auteur ; Peter R. Buechler, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 70-83 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Four water-soluble crosslinking agents have been examined as tanning agents for sheepskin and cattlehide. Three were dicarbamoylsulfonates made by bisulfite addition to diisocyanates, the fourth was terephthaloyl thiosulfate. All four were tested as primary tannages, and the bisulfite adducts were also used to retan slack chrome- and zirconium-tanned leathers. Each of the bisulfite adducts tanned the hides and skins, as shown by an increase in shrinkage temperature and resistance to enzymic digestion, but subjective and mechanical testing revealed various deficiencies in the resultant leathers. Terephthaloyl thiosulfate had tanning action. Better results were obtained using the bisulfite adducts as retanning agents. In particular, retannage with the bisulfite adduct of tolylene diisocyanate greatly improved the fullness, resilience, flexibility, break, color, thermal stability, and enzymic resistance of chrome-tanned leather, with minimal effects on other desirable properties. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1b9Nx3ZR9CrQuVFL0dyy6n8USCONhfE5w/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17416 [article]

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Practical leather processes using the novel pretan concept / William C. Prentiss in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 84-92 Titre : Practical leather processes using the novel pretan concept Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : William C. Prentiss, Auteur ; I. V. Prasad, Auteur ; Marcel Siegler, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 84-92 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The work reported here was undertaken to demonstrate a workable pretan process and provide information to support larger scale tannery trails. These trials have shown that the process is workable, can be of advantage to tanners, can produce a variety of leathers of superior quality, and perhaps most important, can be of significant assistance in control of waste and effluent. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1CudqbFlckeIzMHm55jgjOQWdWkfNzfB7/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17417 [article]

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Radiation cured coatings for leather / F. Scholnick in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 93-102 Titre : Radiation cured coatings for leather : I. Topcoats for side leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : F. Scholnick, Auteur ; Edward H. Harris, Auteur ; Peter R. Buechler, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 93-102 Note générale : Biblogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Radiation curable topcoats were applied to black side leather. Ultraviolet (UV) curing was studied and compared with electron beam (BE) curing on identical formulations. In both procedures 100 percent active (no solvent) systems were polymerized in seconds without any requirement for thermal heating systems. Environmental benefits include savings in energy and scare petroleum resources which would be utilized to make the solvent which are eliminated from these systems. Also, there was avoidance of air pollution caused by volatile organic compounds (VOC). Differences were found in application properties and film properties as affected by basic monomer composition. Crosslinking was governed by type and level of polyfunctional vinyl monomers capable of co-reacting into two or more growing chains. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LddC-StZalOx_JHAnU4bnG3rK9kUIBZh/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17418 [article]

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Modeling wet processing systems and technologies / James N. Trapp in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 120-136 Titre : Modeling wet processing systems and technologies Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : James N. Trapp, Auteur ; David G. Bailey, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 120-136 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : A computerized model has been developed to provide a flzxible tool for conducting economic feasibility studies and budgeting analyses of alternative wet processing systems. The model is designed either to use standard technologies as "default" parameters or to accept any number of subsitutes for the defaults, so that the model can be readily "customized" to consider many alternative systems and new technologies. Output of the model includes a detailed listing of the specified or estimated costs for building, land, equipment, labor, chemical, maintenance, utility, tax, insurance, and depreciation by individual process steps and in total. Estimates of byproduct values and cost per hide and per square foot of product made are also generated. Note de contenu : - MODEL OVERVIEW - MODEL APPLICATION : Base model results - 10 percent annual inflation - Operation at 80 percent of capacity - Economies of size En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1aBktzXswUJDHIsfGsGPny21PAbb1n7Rw/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17433 [article]

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A pilot plant study of the effects of quebracho and wattle on anaerobic digestion / J. David Eye in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 137-148 Titre : A pilot plant study of the effects of quebracho and wattle on anaerobic digestion Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : J. David Eye, Auteur ; Charles F. Ficker, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 137-148 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Anaerobing digestion has been used extensively fot the biological stabilization of hight-strengh organic wastes and sludges. In a properly operating anaerobic system, methane gas which has considerable fuel value is produced as the organics are decomposed. The anaerobic process occurs in three simultaneous reaction steps : - 1) The complex organics are hydrolyzed to simpler compounds - 2) These compounds are then converted to a variety of organic acids and carbon dioxide by "acid" forming bacteria - 3) The organic acids from the second reaction are converted to methane gas by the methane-producing bacteria. The methane producers are extremely sensitive and require a carefully-controled environment. Since tannins have been shown to be toxic to selected strains of bacteria, this study was conducted to determine if quebracho and watlle would inhibit the anaerobic digestion process. The results of the study showed that both quebracho and wattle tannin adversely affected the operational controle required for the systems as well as methane production. The anaerobic organisms however were able to degrade the tannins so that the characteristic red color was effectively removed from the supernatant (liquid phase of digested sludge) during digestion. Note de contenu : - EChemical oxygen demand (C.O.D.) - Volatile suspended solids (V.S.S.) - Volatile acids (V.A.) - Gas volume and composition - Tannin mass balance En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wVb27Um7ikYkeAQscQFxyCACCw7AlOAC/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17434 [article]

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Biological nitrogen control - a comparison of methods / Curtis C. Panzer in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 149-160 Titre : Biological nitrogen control - a comparison of methods Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Curtis C. Panzer, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 149-160 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The EPA has identified extended aeration as a method "appropriate" for the biological treatment of tannery wastes. In this paper a conventional extended aeration (nitrification) system is contrasted with an extended aeration system designed for combined nitrification and denitrification (N/D) now under development at the Eastern Regional Research Center for secondary treatment of cattlehide tanney wastes. Parallel laboratory scale treatment studies were conducted, with each system held at 18-22°C and a sludge residence time of 20 days. Pretreated unhairing effluent was used as the model waste. Results indicate that in order to meet EPA proposed best available technology (BAT) limitations for chemical oxygen demand (COD) with either system, it is likely that a physical-chemical pretreatment of the unhairing effluent and other streams will be required. The combined N/D system demonstrated the capacity to handle a nearly 40 percent greater COD loading rate than the conventional system, while producing the same degree of waste removal in terms of COD and TKN (total Kjeldahl nitrogen). Note de contenu : INTRODUCTION : Experimental influent EXPERIMENTAL : Methods of analysis RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Loading rate - Food-to-mass ratio - Aeration/mixing horsepower - Sludge production - COD and TKN removal En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1P8kTl6MBQSb6X3trrUqXZlH-YlZiUGYn/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17441 [article]

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The use of the scanning electron microscope in leather research / Betty M. Haines in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 180-191 Titre : The use of the scanning electron microscope in leather research Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Betty M. Haines, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 180-191 Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : With the scanning electron microscope it is possible to reach high magnifications of for example x20,000 and the greater depth of field makes this instrument particularly useful in the examination of leather and finish surfaces and the fine structure of leather. A variety of specific faults, e.g., finish faults, surface stains, grain surface damage and poor leather break have been selected for this paper in order to demonstrate the versatility of this microscope and how it is used in the investigation of leather faults. Note de contenu : THE EXAMINATION OF THE SURFACES : Casein finish - Spue or cellulose blush ? - Cracking of a resin finish - Cracking on nitrocellulose top coat - Rough texture - Urethane finishes - Grain surface enamel - Quality of the grain surface - Surface stains - Fiber structure - Grain break - Detection of heat damage En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1omNu5xhQjTynBRRb_s6ngecIlLPo0G-s/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17442 [article]

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Controlling water activity for short-term preservation of fresh cattlehide for collagen and leather production / R. L. Henrickson in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 192-205 Titre : Controlling water activity for short-term preservation of fresh cattlehide for collagen and leather production Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : R. L. Henrickson, Auteur ; Lynette A. C. Sweet, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 192-205 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Short-term (up to seven days) preservation of cattlehide intented for production of both collagen and leather necessitates the development of new approaches for microbial control. A method utilizing a 4 percent acetic acid wash and a combination of sodium chloride and hydrolyzed starch-polyacrylonitrile graft copolymers ("super slurpers") to regulate water activity (Aw) may offer a feasibile way of maintaining microbiostatic conditions to meet food-grade requirements or produce a quality hide with minimum handling, processing, and storage. This process could be adapted to current industrial practice with few changes in procedures or equipment. Added benefits would be more sanitary working conditions, less pollution problems, and easier handling of hides with extented preservation possibilities at ambient temperatures (25 to 28°C). Note de contenu : - Methods - Comparison of "super slurpers" - Discussion - Suggested procedure for industrial application En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1g07-lPx1F9-mLD9yReaSF4CEBF4yTvoi/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17443 [article]

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Reduction of tannery waste volume through countercurrent reuse of process streams / M. Komanowsky in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 206-223 Titre : Reduction of tannery waste volume through countercurrent reuse of process streams Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : M. Komanowsky, Auteur ; G. E. Senske, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 206-223 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Tannery effluents are expensive to treat - biologically because of their high waste loads and physiochemically because of their large volumes. Countercurrent reuse of all prechrome processing streams in a manner similar to classical multistage leaching drastically reduced the effluent volume generated in the preparation of hides for tanning (to between 1/10 and 1/20 of the present volume). Pretreatment of process streams was limited, consisting only of ammonia recovery from the bating solution, sludge separation from the unhairing effluent, and pH adjustement of the post-relime and post-bate wash waters. The resulting leathers were comparable in physical strength and visual appareance to those made conventionally , although they had a slightly less uniform coloration when dyed than conventionally produced leather. This problem was partially eliminated by adding detergent, and by increased mechanical action. This report contrasts countercurrent with conventional processing in terms of the chemical composition of the hides and of the effluents at corresponding processing stages. The benefits derived from this processing approach with regard to pollution are also discussed. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1M0g2XDu7fJ-ZwxEWUWyqLsBZ6arz4GBA/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17444 [article]

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The aniline dyeing of leather / Hubert M. Wachsmann in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 234-245 Titre : The aniline dyeing of leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Hubert M. Wachsmann, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 234-245 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : For various reasons the aniline dyeing of leather has increased appreciably in recent years. There is a definite trend toward a more natural look and pleasant handle, not only for upholstery and clothing leather, but also for shoe upper leather. As a result, heavily pigmented finishes are being used less, and more and more importance is being placed on drum dyeing and occasionally spray dyeing. Following this trend, competent dyestuff producers have not only expanded their range of dyestuffs to include those with greater fastness, but they have also developed specific auxiilary agents to improve penetration, leveling, and dye fixation. Furthermore, research has been done to improve the buildup of dyes that influence dyeing behavior. We, too, have worked in these areas, and some of the results we have obtained are presented in this report. Very early in our studies, we gave special consideration to two properties of dyes which are actually independent of each other : buildup and exhaustion. Of the two, according to our experience, buildup capacity is by far the more important. Note de contenu : - BUILDUP CAPACITY - EXHAUSTION SPEED - EFFECT OF OTHER FACTORS : Other anionic components - Conditions of dyeing - Acid sensitivity of dye - Electrolytes and metal ions - DYEING AUXILIARIES : Lavelling agents - Neutralizing agents - Dye intensifiers - DYEING CONDITIONS - SHADE AND FATNESS PROPERTIES En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/101wqRX8usxa1r-42CRixmz276Viap72-/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17445 [article]

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Stress analysis of tannery drums / George Kucmas in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 246-257 Titre : Stress analysis of tannery drums Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : George Kucmas, Auteur ; Stephen A. J. Shivas, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 246-257 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The stress on specific parts of a large tannery drum have been calculated. These include the stresses on the gudgeon, hoops, staves, bridge around the door, gear box drive, and fastening bolts. Note de contenu : - DRUM DATA : maximum torque on each side of the drum - Maximum vertical and horizontal forces - ANALYSIS OF DRIVE FORCES : Stresses on the gudgeon - Stresses on the hoops - Stresses on the staves - Stresses on bridge around the door - Stresses on box drive - Moments about gear box - Stresses on the fastening bolts of the large sprocket En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1TLDeSuX3A7moSxwypx19iymN1DUbAB0l/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17452 [article]

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Offal Blue / Valerie A. Lipsett in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 291-301 Titre : Offal Blue Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Valerie A. Lipsett, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 291-301 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Of the tanneries in the United States, 82 percent generate chrome-bearing offals. The poundage of these offals exceeds by four times that of limed offals to be disposed of. This paper examines the sources and the current disposition of these chrome offals. Note de contenu : - Distribution of split processing - Generation of chrome offal - Utilization of offals En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OMdWR2hGy4U4iYdWL-T_D_T5-vU2Cgod/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17453 [article]

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Preparation of high-quality gelatin with low chromium content from chrome-tanned stock / Lynton R. Smith in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 301-306 Titre : Preparation of high-quality gelatin with low chromium content from chrome-tanned stock Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Lynton R. Smith, Auteur ; Ross G. Donovan, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 301-306 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Chrome-tanned scrap from a tannery was dechromed in a series of operations which allow the recovery of the chromium. The dechromed stock was extracted to give a high yield (over 50 percent) of gelatin of good quality (Bloom strength up to 245 g; viscosity up to 64 mps) and low chrome content (<100 ppm). The process will be described, along with its advantages and its limitations. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1R0Cp0glYMnSAHs1cgFb9fipvRY6LTkaI/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17454 [article]

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Animal glue in industry and the use of chrome-tanned hide collagen in the production of animal glue / C. L. Pearson in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 306-311 Titre : Animal glue in industry and the use of chrome-tanned hide collagen in the production of animal glue Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : C. L. Pearson, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 306-311 Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Peter Cooper Corporation is a large producer of animal glues, and we estimated the animal glue industry is the largest consumer, outside of the leather area, of chrome-tanned hide collagen in the form of trim, splits, and shavings. Industrial uses of animal glues are varied and depend on some of their unique properties. Currently, the market is stable, but potential uses for glue and protein derived from chrome-tanned hide collagen present opportunity for growth. Economics, including the cost of raw materials and yield of protein, affect the marketability of animal glue and protein in competition with other available materials and adhesives. The animal glue industry represents a significantly large and relatively stable outlet for chrome-tanned hide collagen in the non-leather area. Material available today is generally suitable for use in this field with relatively minor limitations. Note de contenu : - Raw materials - Properties of animal glues - Uses for animal glues - Processing of chrome-tanned collagen En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/16A0OFW7fYwN2pIfKuaMfQDzA5WIM3-hQ/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17455 [article]

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Potential uses of tanned collagen / Robert M. Lollar in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 311-320 Titre : Potential uses of tanned collagen Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Robert M. Lollar, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 311-320 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Collagène Tannage Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The U.S. leather tanning and finishing industry converts about 175,000 tons of collagen each year in making leather. However, an estimated 60,000 to 70,000 tons of this collagen is not converted into consumer leather goods; this portion becomes offal products such as chrome-in-the blue trimmings and shavings, and buffing dust and trimmings from crust and finished leather at tanneries or leather products manufacturing plants. Fiber uses ( e.g., leatherboard ), glue and feed and fertilizer utilize a significant share of this offal tanned collagen. However, a growing share is disposed of in landfill sites which are becoming increasingly costly and difficult to secure. New uses for this tanned collagen being disposed of at landfills are therefore needed. This paper will be a status report on the developmental efforts. Energy and chromium recovery by incineration or pyrolysis are potential procedures. Chromium recovery is especially desirable since sources for U.S. chromite ores are primarily foreign. Since about 17 percent of the total U.S. demand for sodium dichromate is used by the tanning industry, recovery of the underutilized chromium would lessen our ore import level as weel as avoid landfill utilization. The value of recovering the energy would depend on the establishment of a more direct relationship to the needs of the industry. This paper will analyze techno-economic limitations which must be resolved before these potential resource recovery concepts can become commercial. Note de contenu : - Chromium-tanned leather offals - Wastewater sludge - Chromium values in tannery offals En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hdkjEiXrswWoKlO9V-Qi8cc_RJjHniYg/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17461 [article]

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Polymer-leather composites. VI. Mechanism of deposition of selected acrylate monomers by polymerization into 5-ounce chrome-tanned cattlehide / E. F. Jordan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 332-357 Titre : Polymer-leather composites. VI. Mechanism of deposition of selected acrylate monomers by polymerization into 5-ounce chrome-tanned cattlehide Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : E. F. Jordan, Auteur ; Bohdan Artymyshyn, Auteur ; Stephen H. Feairheller, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 332-357 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Acrylates Les monomères acrylates sont un groupe d'esters faisant partie des vinyles, car renfermant une double liaison carbone-carbone et sont utilisés pour former des polyacryliques qui ont de multiples usages. Cuirs et peaux Monomères Polymères Polymérisation Tannage au chrome Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Three acrylate monomers, methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, and a comonomer mixture of fixed n-butyl acrylate ( 59 percent ) and methyl methacrylate, were polymerized into 5-oz cattlehide by two processes. In one, the monomers were polymerized into the fibrous matrix by the standard emulsion process developed at this Center using a potassium persulfate-sodium bisulfite redox initiating system at room temperature. In the other, the same three monomers were introduced by bulk or solution polymerization into acetone-dried panels in a closed system at 60 degree. The rate of change of density with composition was completely different for the two types of composites. The widest range of composition was studied, far exceeding the practical range, to provide basic information on the mechanism of deposition and bound polymer formation for the emulsion process. It was observed that both the efficiency of producing chemically bound polymer and the number of polymer branches on the collagen declined as monomer content was incrementally increased. Because branch frequency thus decreased compared with the theoretical maximum, a controlling grafting mechanism was precluded. Characteristic kinetic constants that reflected the influence of changes in reaction variables indicated that deposition was controlled by emulsion polymer instability rather than being influenced by grafting. A mechanism was suggested involving aggregation of polymer in leather by coalescence of emulsion particles to form macrodimensional layers near the surfaces of cattlehide, fed by monomer diffusing to rapidly accumulating occluded radicals. Polymer-polymer crosslinking and strong adsorption of polymer coils to fiber surfaces accompanied by some surface grafting produced the bound polymer in this scheme. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Polymerization procedure - Physical properties - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : A. Polymerization principles and composite formation concepts - B. Results, general features - C. Systems and deposition efficiencies - D. Density and plumping of the composites En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mR-JTWQ20dQNZ-6BPeZa5t2BYYl-B5ZJ/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17462 [article]

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Deliming with epsom salts / R. C. Koopman in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 358-365 Titre : Deliming with epsom salts Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : R. C. Koopman, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 358-365 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Then it would appear that our U.S. leather industry could indeed reduce the ammonia-nitrogen in its discharges by "transferring" to the Koopman Epsom salts technology if we use lightweight, "domestic" hides from cows and heifers; carefully flesh after unhairing, and relime overnight; delime with magnesium sulfate and precisely-adjusted additions of hydrochloric acid (confirming the progress of the reaction with thymolphtlein); pickle in short float with a formic/sulfuric pickle (using extra acid to compensate for the difference in deliming systems); commence the chrome tannage with proprietary chrome tanning agent designed to improve chrome penetration and uniformity; and continue with another proprietary chrome-tanning agent (self-basifying); concluding the tanning process with an overnight run. This, in toto, is the technology that has to be transferred, not the simple "deliming by Epsom salts" that was assumed by our EPA in the original Technical Development Document. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cKDf3TRXkKTK9QR_ZZHJIS7VbuJpe9y8/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17483 [article]

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A shoe scientist looks at leather / J. Graham Butlin in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 391-423 Titre : A shoe scientist looks at leather : A potpourri of leather's fascinating properties Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : J. Graham Butlin, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 391-423 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Note de contenu : - Leather in a premium product - Many and varied requirements of shoemakers - Aesthetics are difficult to measure - Break and flod roundness are important properties - The technology of fashion : prediction and solving problems before the arise - Some technical problems arising from fashion trends during 1980-81 - Pattern cutting: converting mystical art to science - How much stretch and compression can be applied to leather - Foot comfort : one of leather's great "plusses" - Foot perspiration and durability En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FKKbVF2VckGjJXvlAySm6xtLPS4HLT4j/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17484 [article]

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Characterization of new zealand fellmongery wastes and their treatment by manganese-catalyzed oxidation / Robin N. Cooper in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 457-468 Titre : Characterization of new zealand fellmongery wastes and their treatment by manganese-catalyzed oxidation Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Robin N. Cooper, Auteur ; John M. Russell, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 457-468 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Studies of the effluent from two different fellmongery processes are reported. The mass discharge of pollutants from both processes was similar, but the drum process was more efficient in water use. The results provide a basis for segregating fellmongery effluents in relation to their sulfide content and subsequent treatment by maganese-catalyzed oxidation. Results of pilot-scale manganese-catalyzes sulfide oxidation studies are reported and conclusions drawn with respect to catalyst dose and the distribution of products of sulfur oxidation. Note de contenu : - PROCESS DESCRIPTION : Skin and wool processing - Pelt processing - EXPERIMENTAL : Effluent characterization - Sulfide oxidation studies - Analytical process - RESULTS : Skin and wool processing - Pelt processing (three dolly process) - Pelt processing (drum process) - Manganese-catalyzed oxidation of sulfide solutions - DISCUSSION OF RESULTS : Comparison of Drum and Dolly process - Maganese-catalyzed oxidation of fellmongery effluent En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bPCQjkKdIIk1EnWansE1vwVzfzNiEGVk/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17486 [article]

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Unhairing method identified as source of n-nitrosodimethylamine in tannery atmosphere / David G. Bailey in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 476-484 Titre : Unhairing method identified as source of n-nitrosodimethylamine in tannery atmosphere Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : David G. Bailey, Auteur ; R. C. Doerr, Auteur ; W. Fiddler, Auteur ; Stephen H. Feairheller, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 476-484 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Volatile nitrosamines are low-molecular-weight compounds formed by the reaction of a secondary, tertiary, or quaternary amine with a nitrosating agent such as nitrous acid, nitrite, or various nitrogen oxides (1). They are of concern because they have been shown to be carcinogenic to labaratory animals even at very low concentrations (2, 3). There is considerable literature concerned with the presence of nitrosamines in foods (4, 5). Airborne nitrosamines have also been reported in a variety of industrial environments (6) as well as urban air (7). In 1978, during the Air Pollution Control Assoviation's annual meeting, a contractor for the National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH) reported finding a volatile nitrosamine, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in the air of tannery (8). While no incidence of human cancer has been attributed to nitrosamines to date, the finding of this compound caused representatives of the tanning industry to request that our laboratory (ERRC) investigate the NIOSH finding and to determine the source of the nitrosamine. The results of this study are reported in this paper. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lOVpnLNA6V-KltiyMLZhab-etXPSMov1/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17490 [article]

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A simple method of assessing the grain treatment of finished leather / J. H. Bavinton in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 485-489 Titre : A simple method of assessing the grain treatment of finished leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : J. H. Bavinton, Auteur ; D. E. Peters, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 485-489 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : There is a continuing need to know whether a piece of finished leather is full grain or corrected grain, or has been printed. Microscopic examination of cross sections or cut edges, or of the surface of a piece of leather in question is not always helpful in detecting buffing of the grain or printing. It is difficult and time-consuming to extract reliable information on the condition of the grain surface from cross sections of the leather and, in any case, a cross section represents an extremely small sample of the surface under examination. Because most finishes are applied with the aim of altering the appearance of the existing leather grain surface, examination of the finished surface under a stereo microscope or hand lens may not be informative. Satisfactory illumination is difficult because the uneven and often glossy surface of the finish produces reflections, shadows and glare which obscure important features. In some cases wehave found it virtually impossible to obtain information about the leather surface by using either light or scanning electron microscopy. While considering the problems involved in deciding that treatments had been applied to the grain surface, we realized that more information would be obtained if a method of removing the finish were readily available. Many of the polymeric components of a finish are applied in organic solvents and most of them remainsoluble in these solvents. Thus we observed that application of one or more organic solvents to the leather finish usually removed enough of the finish to allow us to examine the underlying grain surface. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qZpWs6a_5v_U6OMAZvfcdIU9ac6HdJr-/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17491 [article]

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Polymer-leather composites VII. Morphological and mechanical properties of selected acrylate-leather composite materials / Edmund F. Jordan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 508-532 Titre : Polymer-leather composites VII. Morphological and mechanical properties of selected acrylate-leather composite materials Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Edmund F. Jordan, Auteur ; Bohdan Artymyshyn, Auteur ; Alfred E. Everett, Auteur ; Robert J. Caroll, Auteur ; Mary V. Hannigan, Auteur ; Stephen H. Feairheller, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 508-532 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Morphological, mechanical, and water absorptive properties were obtained for the same polymer-leather composite materials whose preparation was described in the preceding paper. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to obtain micrographs of cross-sections of the composites and of their negative replicas. The latter consisted of isolated continuous polymer phase of the methyl methacrylate composites imprinted with the histological features of the parent leather. These replicas were obtained by hydrochloric acid digestion of the collagenous material from the composites, leaving behind the undisturbed polymer phase. Both light and SEM micrographs revealed that polymer was packed mostly in coarse, tight domains around individual fibers in fiber bundles, thus impeding fiber movement on deformation. Some polymer xas found in the vicinity of fibrils in the composites prepared from emulsions. Little protection from static imbibed water was afforded by either method of composite preparation (emulsion or bulk-solution), although rates for the latter were retarded. The relative stiffness of each composite compared to its untreated control, regardless of the modifying polymer introduced, increased with increase in polymer composition level to about 20 percent; thereafter the extent of stiffness depended on the inherent stiffness of the modifying polymer at ambient temperature. Relative stiffness could be decreased between 45 and 65 percent by staking and fatliquoring similarly prepared n-butyl acrylate (BA) + methyl methacrylate (MMA) composite materials containing 18 to 30 percent polymer. Relative tensile stregths declined with polymer increase in the order MMA > BA > BA + MMA. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials and procedures - Matching hide study - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Morphology - Water absorption - Mechanical properties at ambient temperature - The effect of temperature on mechanical properties - the effect of fatliquoring and staking on mechanical properties En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WFcOQ6tjccdUL5cKfwbYKbzSsXYPeLl0/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17503 [article]

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Improved chrome utilization in chrome tanning. II. Process variables affecting chrome exhaustion / William C. Prentiss in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 546-551 Titre : Improved chrome utilization in chrome tanning. II. Process variables affecting chrome exhaustion Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : William C. Prentiss, Auteur ; H. A. Tetreault, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 546-551 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Since the introduction last years of our process and chemical for improved chrome utilization, many more tannery and laboratory trials have been conducted to optimize the process to reduce the chrome charge and chrome content of the exhaust liquor. This paper presents the results of these trials and the influence of a range of variables from lime splitting to pH of neutralization. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE : Tanning procedure - Chrome efficiency determination - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Deliming - Process variables with fully delimed stock En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VCaN4AoV7eLUkHtNRJ8sr6ZiFRgUfPeS/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17504 [article]

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