Chromium(III) pigments : Use of leather wastes as alternative starting material / Kalarical Janardhanan Sreeram in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVI, N° 7 (07/2011)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CVI, N° 7 (07/2011) . - p. 219-225 Titre : Chromium(III) pigments : Use of leather wastes as alternative starting material Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Kalarical Janardhanan Sreeram, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p. 219-225 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Chrome trivalent -- Recyclage Chromite Cuir -- Déchets Diffractométrie de rayons X Incinération Pigments métalliques Récupération (Déchets, etc.) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Chromium containing leather wastes poses potentially significant challenges to the ecosystem when disposed of in landfills or when incinerated in the open. An attempt to recover chromium from such leather wastes so as to reduce the chromium that ends up in the landfill was studied. A method of recovery of the chromium in chromium tanned leathers by controlled closed furnace incineration and by employing the protein matrix as an energy source as well as a template for chromium(III) oxide synthesis is detailed. This method provides the advantage of reducing the chromium residues from the leather industry while producing chromite ore ultimately useful in the preparation of pigmented coatings. The dry pigment obtained was green colored and could be further processed and formulated as a pigmented coating (paint). When the chrome shavings were mixed with iron sulfate and then incinerated, a brown colored paint coating was achieved. The best conditions for zero generation/discharge of hazardous chromium(VI) were determined. The pigments developed were characterized in detail by XRD and SEM-EDAX. Photon correlation spectroscopy measurements indicate that the calcined pigments prior to further size reduction were in the range of 300-400 nm. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_VChVZ_rD7I0kqQV3B410GuK_-v8aPWo/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=12031 [article]

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Preparation and characterisation of sulfonated calix[4]arene and its application in chrome-free tanning / Yongxiang Zhou in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 102, N° 4 (07-08/2018)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 102, N° 4 (07-08/2018) . - p. 200-203 Titre : Preparation and characterisation of sulfonated calix[4]arene and its application in chrome-free tanning Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Yongxiang Zhou, Auteur ; Jianzhong Ma, Auteur ; Dangge Gao ; Wenbo Li ; Yao Zhang Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p. 200-203 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Agents de tannage Calixarènes Un calixarène est un macrocycle issu de la réaction d'un phénol et d'un aldéhyde. Les calixarènes ont des cavités hydrophobiques qui peuvent inclure des petites molécules ou des ions. Les plus couramment rencontrés sont les calixarènes à 4, 5, 6 et 8 unités phénols. La cavité ainsi formée permet de complexer des ions ou des petites molécules. On peut accéder à des calixarènes hydrosolubles en ajoutant des motifs ioniques par exemple. Le terme calixarène est l'assemblage des mots calice (pour la forme de vase que certains calixarènes adoptent à l'état solide) et d'hydrocarbure aromatique arène (pour les cycles aromatiques formant les parois de ce vase). Il a été inventé en 1975 par David Gutsche. Caractérisation Chrome trivalent -- Recyclage Composés inorganiques -- Synthèse Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés mécaniques Cuirs et peaux de chèvres Sulfonation Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Chrome tanning is the main tanning leather method. However, the absorption of chromium is incomplete and residues are present in waste liquors thus polluting the environment. Moreover, Cr3+ will oxidise into carcinogenic Cr6+ under certain conditions. Here we a present a novel chrome-free tannage. The calix[4]arene was synthesized using tert-butyl phenol and formaldehyde as raw materials. The calix[4]arene was then sulfonated with concentrated sulfuric acid. The structure was characterised by FTIR and 1HNMR. The sulfonated calix[4]arene was applied in goatskin tanning. The results showed that the sulfonated calix[4]arene had a tanning effect. The physical and mechanical, properties of the tanned leather were better than those of conventional chrome-tanned leather. Note de contenu : - Materials - Synthesis of sulfonated calix[4]arene - Characterisation - Application and detection method En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sECRJPhRfQzPKkOT0cIgBaepWYDuuezL/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=30903 [article]

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Uses for chrome leather waste - Chromium-enriched brewers yeast in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 90, N° 1 (01-02/2006)

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 90, N° 1 (01-02/2006) . - p. 14-18 Titre : Uses for chrome leather waste - Chromium-enriched brewers yeast Type de document : texte imprimé Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p. 14-18 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Bière Boissons Chrome trivalent -- Recyclage Cuir -- teneur en chrome Cuirs et peaux -- Déchets -- Recyclage Formulation (Génie chimique) Levure (Agent de fermentation) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Chromium-enriched brewer’s yeast which contains chromium(III) as an essential trace element and cofactor for insulin has important biological functions in metabolism. We investigated its manufacture using chromiumcontaining leather waste from Chinese leather factories. Orthogonal experiments lead us to the optimal shaking culture medium for producing the high chromium content of chromium-enriched brewer’s yeast. The optimum culture medium was: glucose 7g.L-1, (NH4)2SO4 5g.L-1, and Cr3+ containing hydrolysates (mass concentration) 145mg.L-1 The optimal shaking culture conditions were: shaking culture temperature 28°C, 10% inoculum content, pH5.0, rotating speed and time of shaking culture 3.5r/s, 36 hours, respectively, and volume ratio of medium 1:10. The chromium(III) content of the chromium-enriched brewer’s yeast prepared at these optimal conditions was 1337mg/g. The experiments showed that the manufacture of chromium-enriched brewer’s yeast from chromium-containing leather waste is feasible. Note de contenu : - CULTURE DETAILS : Materials - Culture - Determination of biomass (moisture free basis) - Determination of biomass (moisture free basis) - Determination of chromium content in chromiumenriched brewer’s yeast - ORTHOGONAL EXPERIMENTS : Orthogonal experiment on the formulation of shaking culture medium - Orthogonal experiments on the shaking culture conditions - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Optimal formulation of shaking culture medium - Factors and levels of orthagonal experiment on the formulation of shaking culture medium - Combination of the optimal shaking culture medium formulation and use conditions - Table 1 : Factors and levels of orthagonal experiment on the formulation of shaking culture medium - Table 2 : Factors and levels of orthagonal experiment on the formulation of shaking culture conditions - Table 3 : Design and results of orthagonal experiment on the formulation of shaking culture medium - Table 4 : Mean analysis of orthagonal experiment on the formulation of shaking culture medium - Table 5 : Variance analysis of orthagonal experiment on the formulation of shaking culture medium - Table 6 : Design and results of orthagonal experiment on the formulation of shaking culture conditions - Table 7 : Mean analysis of orthagonal experiment on the formulation of shaking culture conditions - Table 8 : Variance analysis of orthagonal experiment on the formulation of shaking culture conditions - Table 9 : Biomass and chromium content of chromium-enriched brewer's yeast Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39179 [article]

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