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Antistatic properties of clearcoats by the use of special additives / Carina Deschamps in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 17, N° 3 (05-06/2020)
[article]
Titre : Antistatic properties of clearcoats by the use of special additives Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Carina Deschamps, Auteur ; Neil Simpson, Auteur ; Michael Dornbusch, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 693-710 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Antistatiques
PolydiméthylsiloxaneLe polydiméthylsiloxane —[O-Si(CH3)2]n—, ou poly(diméthylsiloxane) selon la nomenclature systématique, communément appelé PDMS ou diméthicone, est un polymère organominéral de la famille des siloxanes souvent présent dans les shampoings. On l'y ajoute pour augmenter le volume des cheveux mais il peut également aller boucher les pores du cuir chevelu et rendre les cheveux gras. C'est une des raisons pour lesquelles se laver les cheveux tous les jours est très déconseillé avec un shampooing contenant des silicones.
Il existe également de l'amodiméthicone, qui est un dérivé du diméthicone.
Le polydiméthylsiloxane est un additif alimentaire (E900), utilisé comme antimoussant dans les boissons (Coca-Cola BlāK).
La chaîne de poly(diméthylsiloxane) forme également la structure de base des huiles et des caoutchoucs silicones.
Réticulation (polymérisation)
Revêtements -- Séchage sous rayonnement ultraviolet
Sels d'ammonium
Spectrométrie infrarouge
Vernis -- AdditifsIndex. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : Electrostatic discharge and dust attraction are everyday life phenomenon, which are undesirable in most cases. In coatings, antistatic additives can solve this issue by reducing the surface resistance of surfaces. By way of formulation, antistatic coatings might prevent electrostatic discharge and dust attraction. In this work, we evaluated different substances to investigate and understand their ability to create an antistatic effect, specifically in a UV clearcoat. We have developed a method to evaluate the suitability of antistatic additives by investigating their location within the coating matrix by FTIR, versus the location of the coating resistance and resultant coating performance. We compared an array of different chemistries used to impart antistatic effects, from classic quaternary salts to polymeric materials and pigments, to better understand how they perform in a coating and to understand any benefits or issues. All additives helped to reduce surface resistance and therefore improve the potential for antistatic performance. We found the most powerful effects on reduced resistance from the ionic liquid and conducting pigment, but they were unable to target the surface where the effect was needed for an antistatic behavior. Additives at the surface gave the strongest effect, but they mostly relied upon increasing hydrophilicity and as a result reduced coating hardness and tended to leach from the coating. Modifying the quats (quaternary ammonium cationic materials) with PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) gave the strongest surface affinity, but we believe this diluted the effect of antistatic behavior versus lower molecular analogues due to the lower molar concentration of active groups. We believe our work could be used by formulators to better design additives that find the correct location within a coating to avoid waste and side effects, and to address the issue of permanence through crosslinkable modification. Note de contenu : - INTRODUCTION : Absorption mechanism - Network mechanism - Methods and materials - Analytical measurement details - Coating and application details - Antistatic additive details
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Optimizing the cure conditions - UV monomer conversion with additives - Location of the additives in the cured coating - Surface and vertical resistance of the coatingwith additives - UV monomer conversion with additives - Location of the additives in the cured coating - Surface and vertical resistance of the coating with additives - Durability of the resistance - Coating properties with additivesDOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-019-00283-6 En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11998-019-00283-6.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=34100
in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH > Vol. 17, N° 3 (05-06/2020) . - p. 693-710[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 21734 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible A comparison of electrical methods with chemical methods for the analysis of pickled hides / Helen A. Gruber in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXIX (Année 1974)
[article]
Titre : A comparison of electrical methods with chemical methods for the analysis of pickled hides Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Helen A. Gruber, Auteur ; Edward F. Mellon, Auteur ; Howard W. Jones, Auteur Année de publication : 1974 Article en page(s) : p. 396-409 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Acidité
Calcium
Cendres
Chlorures
Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse
Electrochimie
pH
PicklageLe picklage consiste à faire absorber à la peau en tripe une quantité importante d'acide, en présence de sel neutre (NaCl) pour réprimer le gonflement que provoquerait l'acidité du milieu.
Sels d'ammonium
SulfatesLe sulfate est le sel de l'acide sulfurique H2SO4. La formule de l'ion sulfate est SO42-.Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Analyses for chloride, sulfate, total acid, calcium, and ammonia were performed on commercially prepared pickled hides and their expressed liquors by chemical and electrochemical methods. Data obtained with well equilibriated hides showed that specific ion electrodes, where available, gave values that reflected accurately the analyses obtained by chemical methods. Electrodialysis measurements gave the total electrolyte content. Note de contenu : - Moisture and ash determination
- Determination of pH
- Determination of chlorides
- Determination of sodium
- Determination of ammonium salts
- Determination of total sulfates
- Determination of acidity - Determination of calcium
- Electrodialysis of expressed liquor and hide samplesEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YRyBWKGlnH50usxqvRM7tfo9v_1ruxvR/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=41372
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXIX (Année 1974) . - p. 396-409[article]Exemplaires (1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 008508 - Périodique Archives Documentaires Exclu du prêt Dyeing properties of novel electrolyte-free reactive dyes on cotton fibre / Zheng Chunllin in COLORATION TECHNOLOGY, Vol. 128, N° 3 (2012)
[article]
Titre : Dyeing properties of novel electrolyte-free reactive dyes on cotton fibre Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Zheng Chunllin, Auteur ; Ailin Yuan, Auteur ; Haibo Wang, Auteur ; Sun Jie, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p. 204-207 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Ammoniums quaternaires
Carbonate de sodiumLe carbonate de sodium est un composé chimique ayant pour formule Na2CO3. Il s'agit d'un sel de sodium de l'acide carbonique. Dans le langage courant, on parle aussi de soude ou de cristaux de soude, à cause de son contenu en sodium et de sa forme habituellement cristalline. Par contre, il ne faut pas confondre le carbonate de sodium avec la soude caustique ou encore avec le bicarbonate de soude.
Colorants réactifs
CotonLe coton est une fibre végétale qui entoure les graines des cotonniers "véritables"(Gossypium sp.), un arbuste de la famille des Malvacées. Cette fibre est généralement transformée en fil qui est tissé pour fabriquer des tissus. Le coton est la plus importante des fibres naturelles produites dans le monde. Depuis le XIXe siècle, il constitue, grâce aux progrès de l'industrialisation et de l'agronomie, la première fibre textile du monde (près de la moitié de la consommation mondiale de fibres textiles).
Epoxydes
Sels d'ammonium
Teinture -- Fibres textilesIndex. décimale : 667.3 Teinture et impression des tissus Résumé : A series of electrolyte-free reactive dyes containing two quaternary ammonium salt groups as soluble moieties and one epoxy structure as the reactive group have been synthesised. The structures of the synthesised dyes were confirmed by Fourier Transform–infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analysis, and their dyeing properties on cotton were studied using an electrolyte-free dyeing process. The results indicate that electrolyte-free reactive dyes with these structures give a high exhaustion rate, a high fixation rate and good build-up properties on cotton. Fastness properties were, in general, also very good. The optimal dyeing process of these electrolyte-free dyes for cotton fibre was 60 °C with 20 g/l sodium carbonate. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials - Measurements - Synthesis of electrolyte-free reactive dyes - Dyeing procedure - Measurement of dye exhaustion and fixation - Fastness testing - Build-up property testing
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Tyeing conditions - Dyeing of cotton - Build-up properties - Fastness propertiesDOI : 10.1111/j.1478-4408.2012.00364.x Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=15122
in COLORATION TECHNOLOGY > Vol. 128, N° 3 (2012) . - p. 204-207[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 13933 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Nitrogen-free deliming and its effect on tannery effluent / B. Germann in WORLD LEATHER, Vol. 14, N° 6 (10/2001)
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Titre : Nitrogen-free deliming and its effect on tannery effluent Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : B. Germann, Auteur ; B. Eberle, Auteur Année de publication : 2001 Article en page(s) : p. 71-72 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Acides organiques
Borique, Acide
DéchaulageOpération consistant à débarrasser les peaux de la chaux et des substances alcalines qui leur ont été appliquées au pelanage.
Eaux usées
Esters
Sels d'ammonium
Tannage -- DéchetsIndex. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The deliming process commences with a short rinse or wash, to remove free liming chemicals from the surface. As effective deliming is not feasible with washing alone, deliming agents are required to meet the following requirements:
- removal of calcium compounds from the hide
- reduction in alkalinity from the liming process
- reduction in alkaline swelling of the hide
- preparation for the bating process to pH 7.5 - 8.5
There are many deliming products available, and these can be placed in the following groups:
- Ammonium salts.
- Low ammonia containing deliming agents based on organic acids.
- Amomonia-free deliming agents based on boric acid + organic esters.
- Deliming agents based on organic esters.
The most generally used deliming agents are ammonium salts as the following advantages are offered:
- quick and mild deliming
- good buffer capacity
- low cost
The major disadvantage of using ammonium salts is that they create considerable ecological problems.Note de contenu : - Evaluation of deliming agents
- Deliming conditions
- The ecological effects of ammonium compounds
- Interference with bacterial activity
- Fig. 1 : Nitrification & denitrification
- Fig. 2 : Oxygen absorption in nitrification testEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1X2jP_krvKH_1EWFnsM6DO4puqUyLNRo-/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=32176
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 006173 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Non-ammonia deliming using sodium hexametaphosphate and boric acid / Yunhang Zeng in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVI, N° 9 (09/2011)
[article]
Titre : Non-ammonia deliming using sodium hexametaphosphate and boric acid Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Yunhang Zeng, Auteur ; Jiahong Lu, Auteur ; Xuepin Liao, Auteur ; Qiang He, Auteur ; Bi Shi, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p. 257-263 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Borique, Acide
Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse
DéchaulageOpération consistant à débarrasser les peaux de la chaux et des substances alcalines qui leur ont été appliquées au pelanage.
Eaux usées -- Analyse
Hexamétaphosphate de sodium
Sels d'ammoniumIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The use of ammonium salt in the deliming process is the primary reason for high ammonia nitrogen content in tannery wastewater. To reduce ammonia nitrogen pollution, a composite of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) and boric acid (BA) was employed for non-ammonia deliming. The synergistic effect of SHMP and BA on deliming of limed cattle hide was investigated by analyzing the pH of deliming liquor, the extent of removal of calcium in pelt and the concentration of total nitrogen (TN) in the effluent. The experimental results indicated that the lowest pH of float during SHMP and BA deliming process was 7.08 and the concentration of hydroxyproline in the deliming liquor was lower than that of ammonia sulfate deliming, which suggest that deliming by SHMP and BA can reduce the damage of pelts. The extent of calcium removal from pelts delimed by using 3 % SHMP and 1 % BA was comparable to that of the pelts delimed with 3.5 % ammonium sulfate. FESEM images and EDS analysis indicated that the deliming by SHMP and BA produced clearer grain with less calcium salts. Compared with ammonium sulfate deliming, TN concentration in SHMP and BA deliming float was reduced by 85 %. Note de contenu : EXPERIMENTAL METHODS : Materials - Deliming processes - Analyses of effluents and pelts - Estimation methods : Determination of Hyp concentration - Determination of TN and TOC concentrations - Determination of calcium content and extent of calcium removal
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : pH of deliming liquors - Extent of calcium removal from pelts - TN and TOC in deliming effluentsEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZobH-Rc22M3p5Es6l9D_Tz1bQE6X-VMq/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=11887
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CVI, N° 9 (09/2011) . - p. 257-263[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 13284 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Surfactants as rheology modifiers - Cationic thickeners / Sorel Muresan in SOFW JOURNAL, Vol. 143, N° 10 (10/2017)
PermalinkThe preparation and application of a montmorillonite-based nanocomposite in leather making / Jianzhong Ma in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 87, N° 4 (07-08/2003)
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