Chromium consideration / BLC Leather Technology Centre in LEATHER INTERNATIONAL, Vol. 215, N° 4835 (10/2013)  

[article]  inLEATHER INTERNATIONAL > Vol. 215, N° 4835 (10/2013) . - p. 24-25 Titre : Chromium consideration Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : BLC Leather Technology Centre, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p. 24-25 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Chrome hexavalent -- Toxicologie Substances dangereuses -- Législation -- Pays de l'Union Européenne Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Compliance to safety standards and regulations is now commonplace when doing business in the leather supply chain and the control of chrome VI in leather is coming under increasing pressure with the current EU proposal for an EU-wide restriction on the presence of chrome VI in leather articles. Chromium is a naturally-occurring element found in rocks, animals, plants, and soif. It can exist in several different forms. The most common forms are chromium (0), chromium (III), and chromium (VI), which is also known as hexavalent chromium. Chrome tanned leather is an extremely useful and valuable commodity because of its versatile nature. The naturally occurring Chrome III which is used as the tanning agent is perfectly safe if the leather is produced under the correct conditions and must not be confused with Chrome VI. The supply chain must, however, be diligent in checking that the more harmful chrome VI has not been generated during the lifecycle of the product. Note de contenu : - Trivalent chromium - Chrome 3 - Cr3 - Cr III - Hexavalent chromium - Chrome 6 - Cr 6 - Cr VI - What are the risk of chrome VI ? - Chrome VI and RAPEX - Legislation En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/12dkj5danbM_YUMN0mxMRvpKAkuZF-kEo/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=19846 [article]

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Chromium in the tanning industry : an odissey from cradle to grave / Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 96, N° 4 (07-08/2012)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 96, N° 4 (07-08/2012) . - p. 133-140 Titre : Chromium in the tanning industry : an odissey from cradle to grave Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay, Auteur ; Anulipi Aich, Auteur ; Subhra Kumar Mukhopadhyay, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p. 133-140 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Chrome hexavalent -- Toxicologie Cuirs et peaux -- Industrie -- Aspect de l'environnement Cuirs et peaux -- Industrie -- Inde Eaux usées Pollution Sulfate de chrome Tannage au chrome Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The authors present a review of chromium in the industry together with detailed reports of the remediation of chromium pollution by wetlands. Chromium is the buzzword of both tanners and environmental scientists. Because ithas several advantageous properties over other tanning agents, 80-90 % of leather today is tanned with chromium salts (Basic Chrome Sulphate). In pre-tanning processes hides and skins are soaked ; hair and keratinous debris in the epidermis are removed and bated. The pelts are then acid pickled to prepare for addition of BCS salts. After full penetration of BCS in the pelts, pH is raised slightly by adding weak alkaline salts. This accelerates the de-protonation of hexaquachromium (III) complexes forming more stable µ-hydroxo-µ-sulphato complexes on one hand and formation of di--tri- or oligo-nuclear complexes by the way of polymerisation on the other. The contemporary process is exclusively based on single bath procedure and utilises Cr(III) only. In contrast, the obsolete double bath process, which involved the insitu reduction of chromate [Cr(VI)], is environmentally and toxicologically hazardous. The East Calcutta Wetlands ; currently a special conservation site (Ram Site N° 1208), at the eastern fringe of Kolkate city, West Bengal, India was contaminated by composite industrial and municipal wastewater continuously over the past years. A large volume (ca. RO 000m3 day-1) of highly contaminated effluent flows through a network of canals within the ECW ecosystem and are finally discharged into the Kultigong River, nearly 40 kms away from Calcutta city. On the journey through the canals, this composite wastewater is used for irrigating agricultural farms as well as for pisciculture in wastewater-fed fisheries. Chromium, being the most known toxic constituent of tannery effluent drawn the attention of environmental scientists, whether it has any detrimental effect on ecosystem and biota, when the effluent is used for pisciculture and agriculture. The present study mainly focuses on the adverse effects of chromium, if any, in the abiotic and biotic components of an ecosystem when discharged to the environment. Thought it has been proved that ECW played a crucial role in ameliorating contaminated industrial effluent, thus improving water quality and minimizing the detrimental effects on biota, care still has to be taken to stop insensitive handling and wastage of this valuable mineral resource. In India, the tanning sector inflicts a heavy toll on the chromium resource, as around 30-50 % of chromium that is consumed for leather processing, flows down the drain. It would be our moralduty to check this colossal wastage and think seriously about the recovery and reuse of spent chromium from tanneries. Note de contenu : - Chromium : a unique metal of industrial importance - Chromium and the tanning industry - Chroium in ecosystems and biota : Chromium in wastewater - Chromium in soil and sediment - Chromium in plants - Chromium in fish - Chromium in non-edible fauna En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XLjNMGTqow3ODobRAVVAeHhGEbjVVwM5/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=15697 [article]

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Consequences of banning chromium VI in leather articles / Catherine A. Money in LEATHER INTERNATIONAL, Vol. 214, N° 4825 (10/2012)  

[article]  inLEATHER INTERNATIONAL > Vol. 214, N° 4825 (10/2012) . - p. 48-52 Titre : Consequences of banning chromium VI in leather articles Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Catherine A. Money, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p. 48-52 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Chrome hexavalent Chrome hexavalent -- Toxicologie Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Note de contenu : - Allergies - The problem of allergic contact dermatitis in perspective - Controlling Cr VI in leathers - Replacement of chrome tannages - Prevention of formation of chromium (VI) in the further processing and storage of leather - Table 1 : Results from patch testing of 15 chromium-allergic patients with leather samples containing CR (III) and chromium (VI) (Hansen et al, 2006) - Table 2 : Influence of antioxidants on the formation of chromium (VI) by thermal ageing and UV irradiation - Table 3 : Cr (VI) contents in leathers fatliquored with different oils and stored at different humidities (after 2 weeks) En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XtCaIETmSi0L5f2NT44TEFdFXpFbg9sP/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=16150 [article]

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Hazards, regulations and alternatives of restricted substances in leather/textile industry : hexavalent chromium / Jane Jiang in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 98, N° 4 (07-08/2014)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 98, N° 4 (07-08/2014) . - p. 177-181 Titre : Hazards, regulations and alternatives of restricted substances in leather/textile industry : hexavalent chromium Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jane Jiang, Auteur ; Jerry Zhao, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p. 177-181 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Chimie industrielle -- Législation -- Pays de l'Union européenne Chrome hexavalent -- Toxicologie Cuirs et peaux -- Industrie -- Aspect de l'environnement Risques écotoxicologiques Risques pour la santé Textiles et tissus -- Industrie -- Aspect de l'environnement Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Chromium exists in nature in various oxidation states (from -2 valence to +6), of which trivalent chromium Cr(III) and hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) are the common forms. In the leather and textile industry, Cr(III, VI) mainly exists in various auxiliaries used in the processes of tanning, printing and dyeing, and it has often been detected in leather products. Cr(VI) can enter into human body through the digestive tract, the respiratory tract, by skin contact and other ways. Cr(VI) has been identified as one of the 129 priority pollutants by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and it has also been internationally recognized as a heavy metal carcinogen. The hazards caused by chromium pollution in the environnent have been paid great attention all over the world, of these hazards the applications of Cr(VI) as well as its impact on human health are the focus of attention. This paper makes an introduction on the hazards, regulations and the alternatives of hexavalent chromium in the leather and textile industries. Note de contenu : - HAZARDS : Hazards to humans - Hazards to the environment - REGULATIONS, REQUIREMENTS AND TESTING METHOD : Testing methods - ALTERNATIVES : Non-chromium tanning in leather industry - Alternatives in textile industry En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1S-GJ2zagYoJRGYt7laW9Ou7DeIqlNXy8/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=21819 [article]

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Investigation into the hazards of finished Cr-tanned leather as both product and waste / Liangqiong Peng in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 103, N° 1 (01-02/2019)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 103, N° 1 (01-02/2019) . - p. 43-48 Titre : Investigation into the hazards of finished Cr-tanned leather as both product and waste Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Liangqiong Peng, Auteur ; Yue Li, Auteur ; Weimo Han, Auteur ; Wenjun Long, Auteur ; Wenhua Zhang, Auteur ; Bi Shi, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 43-48 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Caractérisation Chrome Chrome hexavalent -- Toxicologie Cuir -- Déchets Produits de lixiviation Substances dangereuses Tests de toxicité Toxicologie Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : In this study, the hazardous, substances in finished chrome-tanned leather and in leachates were determined and evaluated based on ISO or national standards, and the overall toxicity toward Photobacterium phosphoreum of the leachates was assessed. No restricted hazardous substances, such as Cr(VI), Hel-40 and carcinogenic dyes in leathers exceeded the thresholds proposed in the criteria for eco-label leather products. Chrome leathers were then leached with deionized water with a solid/liquid ratio of 1:20 to simulate rainwater leaching, and the heavy metals as well as organic compounds in leachates were analysed by ICP-OES, spectrophotometry, and GC-MS. The total chrome, Cr(VI) and TOC in the leachates of leathers were about 2.6-2.8, 0 and 237-277mg/L, repectively, and the low contents of hazardous substances in leachates showed that leather should net be considered as toxic waste when discarded. However, the biotoxicity assays of the leachates from leathers showed quite a high luminescence inhibition rate of about 97-98%, suggesting a hazard to aquatic organisms. Though the leachable chrome showed the greatest concentration in general, the toxicity of leachates seems complicated and further studies are needed. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Materials and reagents - Hazardous substances in leather - Leaching test - Toxicological assays - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Hazardous substances in leather - The characterisation of the leachates - The biotoxicity of leachates to photobacterium phosphoreum En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/133EXsCaE5xJbzgJAphoFkiwhdmagqdMi/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31792 [article]

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Leather working group audit considerations / Catherine A. Money in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 94, N° 5 (09-10/2010)  

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Du nouveau dans la prévention des risques chimiques / Raymond Vincent in HYGIENE & SECURITE DU TRAVAIL, N° 238 (01-02-03/2015)  

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portrait rétrospectif (2011-2018) des expositions à des agents CMR issues de la base COLCHIC / Gautier Mater in HYGIENE & SECURITE DU TRAVAIL, N° 255 (04-05-06/2019)  

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REACh : projet de restriction du chrome VI dans les cuirs / Céline Astruc in CTC ENTREPRISES, (01-02/2014)  

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The ecotoxicity of leathers under different tanning methods / Zhong Anhua in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 106, N° 2 (03-04/2022)  

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