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WORLD LEATHER . Vol. 15, N° 2Back to basics - an introduction to leather manufacture / India - a missed opportunity ? / Leathers with a permanent fragrance / Eliminating th problem of chrome (VI) in retannage / Coping with carbon / Preview : Asia Pacific Leather FairMention de date : 04/2002 Paru le : 15/04/2002 |
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Ajouter le résultat dans votre panierCarbon catastrophe or forests for the future / Richard Daniels in WORLD LEATHER, Vol. 15, N° 2 (04/2002)
[article]
Titre : Carbon catastrophe or forests for the future Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Richard Daniels, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 49-51 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Bilan des émissions de gaz à effets de serre
Industrie -- Aspect de l'environnementIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Note de contenu : - Where does the carbon go?
- Forests: carbon sinks or carbon dioxide sources?
- Carbon dioxide and atmospheric temperature
- Ocean locked carbon
- Carbon release and macro-change
- Living with industry
- Fig. 4 : Per capita CO2 emissions are small in developing countries.
- Fig. 5 : Developed nations have altered the atmosphere most however, China and India now produce 15% of CO2 emissions from industry.
- Fig. 6 : Many of Earth's forests have been cleared or degraded.En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GbQM74Hcte4Sj-S6h4hhQ4cWYEuWyFFQ/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=32199
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 006177 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible
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Titre : Raw material and preservation : Part 1 of 9 Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Richard Daniels, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 52-53 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Conservation
Matières premières
Peau -- AnatomieIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : There are many people within the leather sector who are not directly involved in the leather making process but might benefit from a better undestanding of the subject. There are others who might enjoy a refresher course or see this World Leather initiative as helping them to explain to people outside the industry just what is involved in producing one of the world's oldest products.
Whatever the need, welcome to "Back to Basics", a concise nine-part work which, over the coming months, will take the reader from raw material and its preservation through tanning, retanning, dyeing and softening, to drying and pre-finishing and on to leather finishing.Note de contenu : - THE STRUCTURE OF SKIN : The grain layer - The corium - The flesh - Variations in hide and skin structure
- THE BASIC RAW MATERIAL : Animal husbandry - Transport & pre-slaughter management
- ANIMAL SLAUGHTER
- PRESERVATION OF THE SKIN : Medium term preservation : wet salting & air drying - Short term preservation & hide processing
- Panel 1 : Cross section of skin
- Panel 2 : Raw materials tradingEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1A_z_uEFKx3Y_OfNkTELyhWM2YUkDCX1k/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=32200
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 006177 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Phosphonium tanning agents control chrome (VI) levels / Richard Temple in WORLD LEATHER, Vol. 15, N° 2 (04/2002)
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Titre : Phosphonium tanning agents control chrome (VI) levels Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Richard Temple, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 55 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Chrome
PhosphoniumLe cation phosphonium (plus rarement phosphinium) est un cation polyatomique de formule PH4+, mais le terme désigne également ses dérivés substitués PR4+2.
Les sels du composé parent sont peu courants, mais cet ion est un intermédiaire dans la préparation industrielle du chlorure de tétrakis(hydroxyméthyl)phosphonium, un composé important : PH3 + HCl + 4 H2C=O → P(CH2OH)4+Cl-.
Les sels de phosphonium organiques sont des réactifs communs en laboratoire. Ceux avec une liaison P-H sont produits par protonation des phosphines : PR3 + H+ → HPR3+.
Beaucoup de cations de phosphonium organiques quaternaires (P+R4) sont produits par alkylation des organophosphines. Par exemple, la réaction entre la triphénylphosphine et l'iodométhane donne l'iodure de méthyltriphénylphosphonium, un précurseur d'ylure de phosphore : PPh3 + CH3I → CH3PPh3+I-.
Le cation tétraphénylphosphonium (PPh4+) est un agent de précipitation utile, analogue aux sels d'ammonium quaternaire utilisés comme catalyseurs de transfert de phase.
Réduction (chimie)
Substances dangereuses -- Elimination
Wet-blue (tannage)Peau tannée au chrome (le chrome donne une couleur bleue)Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Phosphonium based tanning agents, due to their inherent reducing properties, can be used to completely eliminate Chrome (VI) from wet blue or rechromed crusts without adversely affecting the quality of the finished leather. Basic chromium sulphate remains the conventional tanning agent for the global tanning market. However, its use is being increasingly scrutinised due to existing and proposed environmental regulations. One particular area of concern is the potential formation and subsequent release of chrome (VI) from chrome tanned leathers. This subject has been widely reviewed and discussed, resulting in varying methods being suggested for controlling the presence of this hazardous chemical in finished leather goods. Note de contenu : - Reducing Cr (VI) to Cr (III)
- Scavenging Cr (VI) from wet blue
- Scavenging Cr (VI) from wet blue following chrome retannage
- Treatment of crust leathers containing Cr (VI)En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1E38PmpqqzMSTpEYXn3k6TO7psgnF4GNS/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=32201
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 006177 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Comparison of the properties of black dyestuffs / J. Berenguer in WORLD LEATHER, Vol. 15, N° 2 (04/2002)
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Titre : Comparison of the properties of black dyestuffs Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : J. Berenguer, Auteur ; A. Navarro, Auteur ; M. Dien, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 57-64 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Colorants -- Propriétés physiques
Colorants -- Propriétés tinctoriales
Colorants -- Toxicologie
Noir (couleur)Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : More than twenty years ago, the black dyestuff market was almost entirely covered by benzidine or benzidine-derivate dyes. The fact that benzidine is a known carcionegic compond obligeed the development of new black dyes which were not based on benzidine. This stopped the production of these dyes in the developed countries, although still available from the developing sector.
The recent German legislation on carcinogenic amines has had the effect of an almost complete elimination of these dyes from the market. Furthermore, the analysis performed on commercial dyes has also led to the conclusion that there is a direct relationship between the use of aniline diazo and the formation of 4-aminobiphenyl, one of the forbidden amines.
These two aspects - carcinogenic aromatic amines and metal content - has guided the research to a new generation of black dyes which could overcome these problems.Note de contenu : - DYESTUFFS SELECTED
- PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES : Presence of metals in the dyes - Mutagenicy - Presence of aromatic amines
- TINCTORIAL PROPERTIES : Fastness levels - Fur dyeing - Leather dyeing - Spectrophotometic measurements - Solubility and stability - Hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance (hhb) values
- TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES : Metal content - Mutagenicy - Aromatic amines
- TINCTORIAL PROPERTIES : Fastness - Fur dyeing - Leather dyeing
- Fig. 1 : Dyes studies
- Fig. 2 : Concentration in solution
- Fig. 3 : Colour coordinates of the dyes studies
- Fig. 4 : Physical properties of the sample
- Fig. 5 : HHB values of the anionic dyes
- Fig. 6 : Results of the ames test with and without the prival modification
- Fig. 7 : Aromatic amines content
- Fig. 8 : Fastness results
- Fig. 9 : Co-ordinate L* of of the leather substrate in fur dyeing
- Fig. 10 : Values for co-ordinate L* in wool dyeing
- Fig. 11 : Relative intensity of the dyeings
- Fig. 12 : Lightfastness results (72h)
- Fig. 13 : Perspiration fastness values on cottonEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1z7p_QHTmdoedxYM8WSGQYLJWcSiJadgR/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=32202
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 006177 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible
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Titre : A case of tribology Type de document : texte imprimé Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 65-66 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Huiles lubrifiantes
Lubrification
Surfaces (technologie)
Tribologie (technologie)Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Tribology may not be a word in your dictionnary or encyclopaedia. It was not in two of mine nor included in an electronic encyclopedia, but was soon found on the internet! It is the science of lubrication and wear and generally studied as part of engineering. For machinery and any moving parts, lubrification is essential to minimise friction and wear and to maximise the use of the energy put into the system.
It has been found that if the two surfaces in contact with each other move slowly then the viscosity of the lubricant should be high; if the surfaces move rapidly then the lubricant should be thin. Oils are the best known form of lubricant but unmodified, have the tendency to thicken as they cool and become thin when hot. They are therefore inefficient at one or other end of the temperature range of the engine. The introduction of viscostatic oils has mainly overcome this problem but there remained the problem of drainage when the thin oil left the contact surface as the engine switched off. It took some time after a restart to get the lubricant to the critical surfaces, whilst meanwhile the surface that rubbed were subject to wear.Note de contenu : - Tribology and leather lubrication
- The role of fibre surfaces
- What goes where?En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1K0jAJQIyOFnOWnMPaa5UkICrkEl_Ktgv/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=32213
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 006177 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible
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Titre : Leather with an aroma Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Martin Kleban, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p 69-70 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuir -- Odeurs
Encapsulation
Microcapsules
Parfums
PolyuréthanesIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Leather manufactures will in future be able to supply products which not only feel and look good, but also have an appropriate - and long-lasting - fragrance. The new development consists of tiny (one to ten micrometer) perfume-filled polyurethane microcapsules, which are applied on the leather and release their fragrance when the leather is subjected which is only effective for a limited time, is that long-lasting fragrance effects can be obtained.
This development originated in response to requests from customers for a "typical leather smell". With modern leather tanning and finishing processes the end product has very little inherent odour, and ways were sought to reproduce the characteristic leather smell which end users so often want.Note de contenu : - Aromas to enhance the product
- Micro-encapsulation of perfume
- Release-on-demand fragrance
- Fig. 1 : Manufacture of aroma microcapsules by interfacial polymerisationEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Ns03BMFnOMRUGe4y0CIzRIsmY3eRu9yY/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=32214
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 006177 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible
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Titre : Centrifuges in the leather industry Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Peter Smith, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 73-78 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Boues résiduaires
Centrifugeuses
Cuirs et peaux -- DéchetsIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Centrifuges are usually associated with the dewatering of sludges, however, they do offer other opportunities. These include replancement of the primary settling stage in effluent treatment, and within chemical recovery systems.
At present, centrifuges are being used for five different applications in the leather and fellmongery industries.Note de contenu : - Centrifuging primary effluents - Centrifuging primary effluents after chemical dosing - Dewatering biological sludges following secondary treatment - Recovery of chrome precipitates - Residual hair removal
- Performance
- Specific features offered by centrifuges
- Low maintenance
- Panel 1 : Centrifuges as part of primary treatment in the leather industry
- Panel 2
En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1QIjCrzl8u8mFjmNRcePO7nwlcaDIU4sm/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=32215
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 006177 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Removing the strain - a review of the technology currently available for automated handling in tanneries / Steve Hodges in WORLD LEATHER, Vol. 15, N° 2 (04/2002)
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Titre : Removing the strain - a review of the technology currently available for automated handling in tanneries Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Steve Hodges, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 81-85 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Automatisation
Convoyeurs
Cuirs et peaux -- Appareils et matériels
Cuirs et peaux -- IndustrieIndex. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Note de contenu : - Fig. 1 : Attaching limed hide to monorail chain conveyor
- Fig. 2 : Limed hides moving in transit t flesher
- Fig. 3 : Hides presented to fleshing machine
- Fig. 4 : 3-position selection stacker with full measurement
- Fig. Sammy machine with auto transfer to vacuum drier
- Fig. 6 : Conveyor laying hides onto vacuum table
- Fig. 7 : Loading overhead conveyor from rollercoater line
- Fig. 8 : Modern conventional stacker loading to pallet
- Fig. 9 : Vacuum lifting head of sole leather destacker
- Fig. 10 : Automated rolling, labelling and stacking to palletEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1p-xlfPvEd7HxWjJqzSR52EmsYig6iXXH/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33933
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