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A new way to control gloss / Jerry Levy in WORLD LEATHER, Vol. 14, N° 4 (06-07/2001)  

[article]  inWORLD LEATHER > Vol. 14, N° 4 (06-07/2001) . - p. 53-58 Titre : A new way to control gloss Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jerry Levy, Auteur ; Jon W. Bouchard, Auteur Année de publication : 2001 Article en page(s) : p. 53-58 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Brillance (optique) -- Mesure Couches minces Cuirs et peaux -- Finition Polymères Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Leather finishing today calls for coatings with high adhesion, abrasion resistance and flexibility. When an extremely low level of gloss is required, the finish is usually loaded with dulling agents, while accepting that this can detract from both mechanical properties and adhesion. Gloss level control is very important. With the exception of pattents and other very bright leathers where the gloss target is set as high as practicable, ordinary finishes are too bright without at least some dulling. Note de contenu : - Low gloss finishes without dulling - New film-forming polymer chemistry - Film morphology - Film formation - The mechanism of gloss control - Fig. 1 : Gloss measurement geometry defined angles are measured with respect to the perpendicular - Fig. 2 : Surface view, conventional low-gloss coating, silica matting agent (x2500 as viewed) - Fig. 3 : Surface view, conventional low-gloss coating, organic matting agent (x2500 as viewed) - Fig. 4 : Surface view, film cast from new low-gloss polymer (x1000 as viewed) - Fig. 5 : Surface view, film cast from new low-gloss polymer (x1000 as viewed) - Fig. 6 : Surface view, film cast from new low-gloss polymer (x5000 as viewed) - Fig. 7,8,9 : Cross sections of polymer cast on Leneta Chart and freeze-fractured to reveal cross-section - Fig. 10 : Schematic comparison refraction : light incident on a spherical surface compared with a smooth, flat surface and the effects of tilting the plane of the coating. Reflections at specular angle (shown as the dotted line) are important only for the flat surface - Fig. 11 : Multiple ray traces: light incident on sphere with interfaces of air (η1 = 1.0) and polymer (η2 = 1.5) - Fig. 12 : Plot of reflection off a spherical surface. Imagine a bundle of parallel incident rays coming from the top, striking the spherical surface (dotted arc) as shown and either being refracted into the sphere or reflected off it. Squares represent a plot of calculated percents of incident light reflected. The table lists several of the calculated values plotted in Figure 12 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Z6xXbTZIqrLT7lgvCzO9eo5F0Qjbb8mU/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=32159 [article]

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Enter the root-zone : green technology for the leather manufacturer / Richard Daniels in WORLD LEATHER, Vol. 14, N° 4 (06-07/2001)  

[article]  inWORLD LEATHER > Vol. 14, N° 4 (06-07/2001) . - p. 63-67 Titre : Enter the root-zone : green technology for the leather manufacturer Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Richard Daniels, Auteur Année de publication : 2001 Article en page(s) : p. 63-67 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Industrie -- Aspect de l'environnement Eau -- Epuration -- Traitement biologique Eaux usées -- Décontamination Eaux usées -- Epuration Phytoépuration La phytoépuration est au sens large l'épuration par les plantes. Celles-ci peuvent contribuer à épurer ou dépolluer les trois grands milieux que sont l'air, les sols et l'eau. Il s'agit d'un système de traitement des eaux utilisant des plantes (généralement plantes macrophytes), des substrats et des microorganismes au sein d'une zone humide artificielle (ou "constructed wetlands" pour les anglophones). Les systèmes de phytoépuration peuvent être composés d'un ou plusieurs filtres plantés. Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Enhanced Root-zone systems offer the first serious alternative to the conventional biological of tannery effluents. With capital and running costs a fraction of the demanding activated sludge process, the simplicity and elegance of this technology has been demonstrated in both equatorial and temperate regions. With performance and area needs in line with yesterday's intrusive technology, these robust green systems offer a real alternative. There are also other industrial opportunities. Note de contenu : - Enhanced root-zones: the technology - Section 1 : What are root-zone systems - Section 2 : Systems set up in various tanneries - Section 3 : General root-zone performance - Section 4 : Special properties - Section 5 : Optimising performance - Fig. 1 : Root-zone schematic - Fig. 2 : Multi-stage systems. Reed beds are better managed with several beds operating in series. This multi-stage polishing plant for domestic effluent uses gravity flow - Fig. 3 : Complex root structure. The root structure of reeds is heavily interlinked. They provide a robust structure capable of surviving in very hostile conditions. - Fig. 4 : Workshop studies. The viability of different reed species was assessed using chemicals typically used in manufacture. Tannery effluents were then investigated using the preferred reed species and configuration. - Fig. 5 : Complex molecules. Root- zones hosts microbial colonies capable of breaking a vast range of complex molecules. Treatment provides a 90% reduction in strength of a polyphenol (mimosa solution) from a strength of COD 3,000 mg/l - Fig. 6 : High salinity resistance. Typical selection from 300 plants subjected to increasing levels of salinity as mg/l. Reeds are healthy at far higher salinity values than typical of tannery effluents. These findings were subsequently supported by the growth of reeds in tannery effluent where the salinity is unusually high 10,000 mg/l En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1KYJAmOi1O_VWO3qM3i7km7InzCt7wonA/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=32160 [article]

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