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"Formaldehyde-free leather" - a realistic objective ? / Renate Meyndt in WORLD LEATHER, Vol. 18, N° 4 (06-07/2005)
[article]
Titre : "Formaldehyde-free leather" - a realistic objective ? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Renate Meyndt, Auteur ; Heinz-Peter Germann, Auteur Année de publication : 2005 Article en page(s) : p. 23-27 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuir -- Teneur en formaldéhyde
Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse
Formaldéhyde
Produits chimiques -- Consommation -- Réduction
VieillissementIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : There is an increasing demand for "formaldehyde-free" leather. No legal regulation presently exists for this chemical in the EU, but in many areas of application the amount of formaldehyde contained in leather is limited by technical specifications or eco-labels.
Formaldehyde is used in large quantities as a starting material for the production of synthetic aromatic and resin-tanning agents. During the production of these compounds formaldehyde acts as a condensation agent, helping to develop larger molecules. The resulting condensation products have different levels of hydrolytic stability, so are potential sources of formaldehyde. In addition, some dyeing auxiliaries, fatliquors and finishing products are also able to release formaldehyde.
However, high quality leather requirements cannot be met unless a wide range of tanning and retanning agents, dyeing auxiliaries and fatliquors are used. It therefore appears necessary to develop a leather-producing technology that meets high quality demands and guarantees a minimal risk of formaldehyde release from the finished product.
Attempts to bind free and releasable formaldehyde in leather with scavenging compounds have been reported and the modification of some technological steps has also been investigated.
However, another way to reduce the formaldehyde content of leather is to select the recipe components on the basis of their potential to release formaldehyde. Even so, an adequate analytical method to determine the free formaldehyde in tanning agents and auxiliaries had not been previously developed.
Within this investigation the development and validation of such a method was therefore essential. Furthermore, it was important to take into account that the interaction between chemicals and the leather matrix might generate synergistic effects. Also the ageing process of leather could involve formaldehyde release. Finally, several compounds needed testing regarding their suitability as formaldehyde scavengers.Note de contenu : - A test method for the determination of free formaldehyde
- Materials for assessment and scope of the investigation
- The production of formaldehyde-free leather
- The influence of product selection
- Determination of free formaldehyde in tannins and auxiliaries
- The production of formaldehyde-free leather
- The influence of product selection
- The influence of ageing
- Panel 1 : The release and collection of formaldehyde from leather making products
- Panel 2 : Free formaldehyde in different product classes
- Panel 3 : Inorganic compound: effect of sodium disulphite (chrome tanned leather)
- Panel 4 : Inorganic compound : effect of Auxiliary A (chrome tanned leather)
- Panel 5 : Organic compound: effect ofAuxiliary B (chrome tanned leather)
- Panel 6 : Efficiency of the tested scavengers (VDA 275, chrome tannage)
- Panel 7 : Development of recipes for low formaldehyde release (chrome tannage)
- Panel 8 : Development of recipes for low formaldehyde release (chrome-free tannage)
- Panel 9 : Artificial ageing parameters
- Panel 10 : Results of artificial ageing experiments on chrome tanned leather
- Panel 11 : Results of artificial ageing experiments on chrome-free leather
- Panel 12 : Chrome tanned leather : Variation of formaldehyde content during storage
- Panel 13 : Chrome free leather : variation of formaldehyde content during storageEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_OebkuER7Ocv7ObV5t4-vhLMPJrsUl1a/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=32463
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 006184 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Formaldehyde in leather : causes and avoidance / G. Wolf in WORLD LEATHER, Vol. 15, N° 1 (02-03/2002)
[article]
Titre : Formaldehyde in leather : causes and avoidance Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : G. Wolf, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 46-52 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Agents de tannage
Chromatographie en phase gazeuse
Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse
Extraction (chimie)
Fixateurs (chimie)
Formaldéhyde
Formaldéhyde -- Elimination
Formaldéhyde -- Toxicologie
Nettoyage
Séchage
Substances dangereuses -- EliminationIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The demands placed on the ecological and toxicological performance of leather have increased in recent years. The problems posed by PCP and benzidine prompted a great deal of discussion in the early 1990s, and much attention is currently being paid to the issue of formaldehyde in leather. Formaldehyde and products based on formaldehyde are employed at the tanning and retanning stages, and they are an established part of the leather production process. They can also be employed in finishing, but their use is in decline. The increasingly stringent limits on formaldehyde in leather have had the effect of focusing attention on this problem, and these limits pose a great challenge to tanneries and suppliers of chemicals to the leather industry. Stringent limits on formaldehyde were first specified by international automobile manufacturers. Their lead was then followed by the international footwear companies, and it can be assumed that most manufacturers of leather and leather goods world-wide will be confronted with this problem at some time in the future. Note de contenu : - FORMALDEHYDE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
- INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS FOR FORMALDEHYDE AND TOXICITY
- THE BONDING OF FORMALDEHYDE IN LEATHER
- ANALYSIS OF FORMALDEHYDE IN LEATHER : The gas phase method - The extraction method
- LIMITS ON FORMALDEHYDE IN LEATHER
- SOURCES OF FORMALDEHYDE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LEATHER : Direct and concealed sources - Synthetic tanning agents and resins
- ELIMINATING FORMALDEHYDE FROM LEATHER : Avoiding formaldehyde in leather - Modifying mechanical processes - The incorporation of formaldehyde scavengers
- MODIFICATION OF PRODUCTS THAT RELEASE FORMALDEHYDE : Resins in combination with other agents - Modified resin tanning product
- Fig. 1 : Formaldehyde in the Environment
- Fig. 2 : Methods of analysis formaldehyde in leather
- Fig. 3 : Gas phase and extraction methods in comparison
- Fig. 4 : Formaldehyde in leather - Tanning agents in comparaison
- Fig. 5 : The chemistry of synthetic tanning agents
- Fig. 6 : The influence of the washing process
- Fig. 7 : Influence of drying process
- Fig. 8 : Applying organic formaldehyde scavenger
- Fig. 9 : Applying inorganic formaldehyde scavenger
- Fig. 10 : The residual formaldehyde contents of commercially available tanning agents
- Fig. 11 : Resin tanning agents in combination with other productsEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/175Fux7Hg1Lep_MiNqAUK6sLHOEcBqV1a/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=32196
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 006176 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Le gant éclairant / Cédric Vigier in CTC ENTREPRISES, (12/2016)
[article]
Titre : Le gant éclairant Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Cédric Vigier, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p. 6-7 Langues : Français (fre) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse
Détection de défauts (Ingénierie)
Diodes électroluminescentes
Eclairage
Ergonomie
GantsIndex. décimale : 620.8 Techniques de l'environnement du travail. Facteurs humains : ergonomie, sécurité du travail Résumé : Dans notre filière cuir, l'une des étapes importantes du process consiste à analyser la peau afin d'évaluer son potentiel, notamment en détectant les défauts. La lecture de la peau est réalisée soit lors d'une opération de tri en niveau de choix des cuirs (tannerie/mégisserie), soit lors d'une opération de repérage des défauts avant l'opération de coupe (maroquinerie, chaussure et ganterie). Ces opérations sont stratégiques pour nos industries car elles impactent fortement et directement l'optimisation matière et par conséquent les gains et pertes d'une société. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=27317
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 18526 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible 18525 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Green solution for salinity in tannery wastewater : a step forward in leather processing / Subramanian Saravanabhavan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIX, N° 7 (07/2014)
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Titre : Green solution for salinity in tannery wastewater : a step forward in leather processing Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Subramanian Saravanabhavan, Auteur ; Punitha Velmurugan, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p. 214-223 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Chlorure de sodium Le chlorure de sodium est un composé chimique de formule NaCl. On l'appelle plus communément sel de table ou de cuisine, ou tout simplement sel dans le langage courant. C'est le principal produit dissous dans l'eau de mer ; on l'appelle alors sel marin.
On l'obtient : dans des marais salants par évaporation de l'eau de mer, dans des mines, par extraction du sel gemme (halite) ou en le synthétisant lors de réactions à hautes températures entre du dichlore (Cl2) et du sodium métallique (Na).
Le chlorure de sodium est utilisé dans l'industrie chimique pour produire du chlore, de la soude caustique et de l’hydrogène.
Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse
Cuirs et peaux -- Conservation
Eaux usées -- Epuration
Eaux usées -- Teneur en sels
Hydroxyproline
Polyéthylène glycolIndex. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The conventional leather processing method contributes to high salinity in wastewater due to the discharge of enormous amount of salts used for preservation. Hence, an attempt has been made to replace the salt with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to reduce the salinity in tannery wastewater. The molecular weight (MW) and percentage offer of PEG were standardized based on the rate of dehydration of hide matrix during preservation and rehydration of preserved hide matrix. The determination of hydroxyproline in spent soak liquors at various time periods during storage showed that the preservation of hides using PEG MW 2000 was more effective than sodium chloride. The reduction in total salinity by 43% is possible in tannery wastewater through PEG based preservation of raw hides. Functional characteristics of the experimental crust leathers are shown to be on par with control crust leathers. The developed greener process appears to be technically viable and economically acceptable alternative for salt based preservation. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Materials - Selection of molecular weight of PEG for preservation - Optimization of percentage offer of PEG MW 2000 for preservation - Rehydration studies - Scanning electron microscopy analysis - Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier Transform Infrared Studies - Determination of hydroxiproline - Bulk preservation studies - Soaking operation for preserved control and experimental cow hide from bulk trials - Input and output analysis - Spent soak liquor and composite liquor analysis - Physical testing and hand evaluation of leathers
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Underlying principle for selecting PEG for preservation - Selection of MW of PEG for preservation - Optimization of percentage offer of PEB MW 2000 for preservation - Scanning electron microscopy analysis - Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier Transform Infrared studies - Comparison of the effectiveness of preservation method based on PEG MW 2000 and salt - Bulk trial studies : an appraisal input and output analysis - Analysis of soak liquor and composite liquor - Physical and hand evaluation of leathers - Techno-economic benefitsEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pFPmWHEqtaw8kHjM75xB5oaEE2opjVZg/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=21706
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 16423 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Headspace GC-MS for the determination of halogenated hydrocarbons, ethers and aromatic volatiles in fabric and leather / Emilie Chorier in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIX, N° 10 (10/2014)
[article]
Titre : Headspace GC-MS for the determination of halogenated hydrocarbons, ethers and aromatic volatiles in fabric and leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Emilie Chorier, Auteur ; Nicolas Blanc, Auteur ; Jean-Claude Cannot, Auteur ; Alain Berthod, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p. 322-329 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Analyse quantitative (chimie)
Composés aromatiques
Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse
Echantillonnage
Ethers
Extraction (chimie)
Fibres textiles -- Analyse
Hydrocarbures halogénésIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The content of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was required in industrial products. Now, it is also sought in household products. The detrimental impact of VOCs on air quality and human health pushed state authorities to take measures to reduce their emissions and occurrence in circulating goods. A set of 28 VOCs including 20 halogenated alkyl and aromatic compounds, two ethers and six hydrocarbons was built as a model of most VOCs possibly encountered in leather and textile commercial products. A variety of leather and textile matrices were spiked with known amounts of the VOC mix. It is shown that the headspace (HS) extraction must last for 45 min at 90°C to reach full recovery of the least volatile compounds (1,2-diclorobenzene) even if 80% and more recovery is obtained in 5 min at 90°C for all 28 VOCs contained in 20 mg amounts of leather or textile samples. The single ion-monitoring (SIM) mode of the mass spectrometer was needed to quantitate several VOCs overlapping in the GC chromatogram. The HS GC-MS method produced a statistically validated limit of quantification of 2.5 mg/kg (ppm) for all 28 VOCs analyzed. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL SECTION : 1. Materials - 2. Sample preparation - 3. GC-MS analysis
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : 1. Choice of the volatile compound set - 2. Headspace principle - 3. Optimization of extraction - 4. VOC quantification - 5. Real samplesEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XIPxBS6htWglBrPf_Us9Ll1JhTL9LjQR/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=22078
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 16559 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Heat development at the knife roller during leather shaving / Tilman Witt in JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol. 3 (Année 2021)
PermalinkHenna–aluminum combination tannage : a greener alternative tanning system / A. E. Musa in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVI, N° 6 (06/2011)
PermalinkHide and leather characteristics of afrikaner and friesland bulls and steers slaughtered at various ages between birth and 24 months / Alan E. Russell in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 61 et 62 (Années 1977 et 1978)
PermalinkHide and leather characteristics of afrikaner and friesland bulls and steers slaughtered at various ages between birth and 24 months / Alan E. Russell in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 61, N° 1 (01-02/1977)
PermalinkHide and leather characteristics of young afrikaner-type steers slaughtered at four different live masses / Alan E. Russell in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 64, N° 1 (01-02/1980)
PermalinkHistological analysis of the skin dermal components in bovine hides stored under different conditions / S. Montelli in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CX, N° 2 (02/2015)
PermalinkIdentification and metabolic activities of bacterial species belonging to the enterobacteriaceae on salted cattle hides and sheep skins in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CX, N° 6 (06/2015)
PermalinkImpact of flax seed protein and beeswas emulsion blend on leather finishing - A novel eco-benign formulation / Bindia Sahu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVIII, N° 8 (08/2023)
PermalinkImpact of typical surfactants on the collagenolytic and elastinolytic activities of proteases / Yanhong Li in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CX, N° 7 (07/2015)
PermalinkImproved method for accurate and efficient analysis of chlorophenols in leather compared with conventional steam distillation operation specified by ISO 17070-2015 / Ze-Sheng Wang in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVII, N° 8 (08/2022)
PermalinkInfluence of benzenecarboperoxoic acid on chamois leather process in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXV, N° 2 (02/2020)
PermalinkInfluence of the chromatographic conditions of the EN ISO 17226-1 standard "determination of formaldehyde content in leather. Part 1. Quantification by HPLC” on the robustness of the method in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXIV, N° 2 (02/2019)
PermalinkInfluences of drying methods on the thermal stability of leather / Ren Bianli in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 104, N° 1 (01-02/2020)
PermalinkInside into understanding incorporation of glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane for improving hydrothermal stability and porous structure of silicic acid tanned leather / Zetian Zhang in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXIV, N° 8 (08/2019)
PermalinkInsight into the correlations between fiber dispersion and physical properties of chrome tanned leather / Xiu He in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXV, N° 1 (01/2020)
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