An eye for the essential / Norbert Müller in KUNSTSTOFFE INTERNATIONAL, Vol. 110, N° 6 (2020)  

[article]  inKUNSTSTOFFE INTERNATIONAL > Vol. 110, N° 6 (2020) . - p. 28-31 Titre : An eye for the essential : Software-based tape stacking with the aid of camera technology paves the way for thermoplastic composites Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Norbert Müller, Auteur ; Paul Zwicklhuber, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 28-31 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Bandes composites Composites thermoplastiques Essais dynamiques Flexion (mécanique) Logiciels Matières plastiques -- Moulage par injection Procédés de fabrication Index. décimale : 668.4 Plastiques, vinyles Résumé : Thermoplastic tapes are expected to achieve great things, namely to shape the next generation of thermoplastic composites. This calls for highly accurate tape stacking. At the same time, tape processing must not ‧become so complex that it becomes uneconomical. Engel contributes this technology to achieve a breakthrough by combining high-precision control software with camera technology in tape stacking. Note de contenu : - Higher structural performance - Stacking accuracy determines quality - The influence of gap and overlap - Taking correction values into account for each stacking position - High performance in real time - Pck-and-place for hybrid stacks too - Glas fibers and carbon fibers for different load ranges - Fig. 1 : The laboratory production line is designed for stack dimensions up to 460 x 360 mm - Fig. 2 : Flexural beidning test with tape blanks featuring deliberately incorporated defects : gaps and overlaps each reduce the impact strength compared with the blank produced with optimal butt alignment - Fig. 3 : Search fields for determining edge runs : measurements are taken at 25 positions to join the points together by means of a line of best fit - Fig. 4 : The corner position results from the detemrined edge runs. This method is much more accurate than direct optical measurement because tapes do not always have sharp corners - Fig. 5 : The ready-cut tape are separated at the stacking magazines and held in position on pick tables for collection by the robots En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZvSzznrQ_vdcOkFAU1ahsA_-mZJlXIEv/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=34713 [article]

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Controlled reactivity / Norbert Müller in KUNSTSTOFFE INTERNATIONAL, Vol. 106, N° 10 (10/2016)  

[article]  inKUNSTSTOFFE INTERNATIONAL > Vol. 106, N° 10 (10/2016) . - p. 102-104 Titre : Controlled reactivity : In-situ polymerization for fully-automated production of lightweight structures Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Norbert Müller, Auteur ; Peter Egger, Auteur ; Lorenz Reith, Auteur ; Georg Steinbichler, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p. 102-104 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Composites à fibres Composites à fibres -- Moulage par injection e-caprolactame Le caprolactame ou plus précisément l'?-caprolactame est un lactame comprenant sept atomes dans son cycle. Il sert de monomère dans la synthèse du nylon-6. Matériaux -- Allègement Matières plastiques -- Moulage par injection multicomposant Polyamide 6 Polymérisation Index. décimale : 668.4 Plastiques, vinyles Résumé : In-situ polymerization of Caprolactam to create fiber composite carrier structures with subsequent functionalization of the component through injection molding is very closely approaching the ideal of economic series production. One decisive equipment component here is the unit for preparing and injecting the reactive components. At K 2016, Engel Austria is defining the next milestone en route to series production, with a newly-developed reaction unit for which a patent has been registered. Note de contenu : - Finished parts in a one-step process - Keeping tight control over monomers - Precise synchronization of the injection plungers - Multi-component technology with gravity as an assistant - Tailor-made systems for greater efficiency - FIGURES : Processing scheme for manufacturing in-situ components with molded detail geometries process integration boosts the economic efficiency of the manufacturing process - 2. Anionic ring-opening polymerization creates poyamide 6 from ε-caprolactam - 3. The special feature of the new reactive unit is the reduced thermal exposure of the monomeric material. The melting units hold a volume required for three shots as a maximum - 4. Computer tomography investigations reveal that the fabric can be impregnated virtually without pores - 5. Working in the direction of gravity offers benefits in many applications where preforms are used. The example shown in the figure is a system layout for an integrated multiple component process on a vertical injection molding machine - 6. The production cell combines an in-situ polymerization process with classical injection molding to produce lightweight shovels En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NtgoQppulSNoSXIoEUmxTaYB6JU_rb_o/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=28071 [article]

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Layer-for-layer precision plus high performance / Norbert Müller in KUNSTSTOFFE INTERNATIONAL, Vol. 107, N° 3 (03/2017)  

[article]  inKUNSTSTOFFE INTERNATIONAL > Vol. 107, N° 3 (03/2017) . - p. 6-9 Titre : Layer-for-layer precision plus high performance : Thermoplastic tapes require new processing technologies Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Norbert Müller, Auteur ; Peter Egger, Auteur ; Paul Zwicklhuber, Auteur ; Georg Steinbichler, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 6-9 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Bandes composites Composites à fibres Mesures optiques Polyamides Un polyamide est un polymère contenant des fonctions amides -C(=O)-NH- résultant d'une réaction de polycondensation entre les fonctions acide carboxylique et amine. Selon la composition de leur chaîne squelettique, les polyamides sont classés en aliphatiques, semi-aromatiques et aromatiques. Selon le type d'unités répétitives, les polyamides peuvent être des homopolymères ou des copolymères. Procédés de fabrication Index. décimale : 668.4 Plastiques, vinyles Résumé : Tape laying - The first processes for manufacturing of thermoplastic composite components with organic sheets have reached the series production stage. Further developments are now focused on solutions for thermoplastic tapes reinforced with glass and carbon fibers. Engel – the injection molding machine maker and systems supplier – also gathered the necessary experience in the manufacture of own products. For example, some of their own robots series are fitted with a lightweight carbon rotational axis. Heart of the production line is a tape laying cell that is based on the pick-and-place principle. Note de contenu : - Tape layups synchronized with processing - Carbon tapes for rotational axis - Load-optimized component design - Precise laying operation without matrix channels - Optical measurement technology for high precision - FIGURES : 1. The number of laying operations for producing a tape layup (tape:PA-CF ; thickness : 0.14 mm ; density : 146g/cm3) can be estimated by means of component weight, the proportion of tape, and the tape format - 2. Instead of conventional x-axis, type e-pic robots have a rotational axis, which also ensures that the system requires minimum space - 3. The rotational axis was designed with an assembled profile of carbon tapes and a stub of die-cast aluminum for connecting to the servo motor - 4. The load-optimized design of the rotational axis is based on FEM calculations - 5. The integrated process for manufacturing rotational axes with carbon tapes involves six working steps - 6. Investigating direct and indirect illumination during imaging : illumination is a key factor for exact edge detection En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Fhbvu78odGWfGoa4ETUvIKIzcZ--W-jH/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=28263 [article]

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Precise but highly efficient / Paul Zwicklhuber in KUNSTSTOFFE INTERNATIONAL, Vol. 112, N° 2 (2022)  

[article]  inKUNSTSTOFFE INTERNATIONAL > Vol. 112, N° 2 (2022) . - p. 56-58 Titre : Precise but highly efficient : CAD-based tape -stacking Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Paul Zwicklhuber, Auteur ; Norbert Müller, Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : p. 56-58 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Bandes composites Conception assistée par ordinateur Empilements Matériaux -- Allègement Pyrolyse La pyrolyse est la décomposition ou thermolyse d'un composé organique par la chaleur pour obtenir d'autres produits (gaz et matière) qu'il ne contenait pas. L'opération est réalisée en l'absence d'oxygène ou en atmosphère pauvre en oxygène pour éviter l'oxydation et la combustion (L’opération ne produit donc pas de flamme). Il s'agit du premier stade de transformation thermique après la déshydratation. Elle permet généralement d'obtenir un solide carboné, une huile et un gaz. Elle débute à un niveau de température relativement bas (à partir de 200 °C) et se poursuit jusqu'à 1 000 °C environ. Selon la température, la proportion des trois composés résultants est différente. Soudures Soudures -- Nettoyage Index. décimale : 668.4 Plastiques, vinyles Résumé : Tapes must be stacked both with high accuracy and efficiency. In the ongoing development of its tape-stacking cell, Engel places a third focus on simplifying operation. CAD-based tape stacking, which Engel has implemented in a customer’s system for the first time, will play a role here. Further new features are the pyrolysis function for cleaning the welding elements, as well as the modular end-of-arm tooling for handling the semi-finished products. Note de contenu : - Determining the stacking position accurately - Pyrolysis : automatic cleaning welding elements - More flexibility for varying tape geometries Fig. 1 : The CAD-based tape stacking simplifies the fabrication of stacks of UD tapes. The new technology is already used for developing and manufacturing innovative composite products - Fig. 2 : The control system of the articulated robot automatically determines the optimum stacking position based on CAD data - Fig. 3 : Dirt deposits increase with the number of welds until the weld quality is impaired. The cyclic pyrolysis ensures weld quality is maintained at a constantly high level - Fig. 4 : The illumination plate of the modular end-of-arm tooling can be very easily exchanged by releasing a few screws En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Oj6p8mw-CWL60MzW87JJH_mKqY-JpkfD/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=37312 [article]

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Software-based control of IR ovens / Junsheng Luo in KUNSTSTOFFE INTERNATIONAL, Vol. 111, N° 1 (2021)

[article]  inKUNSTSTOFFE INTERNATIONAL > Vol. 111, N° 1 (2021) . - p. 17-21 Titre : Software-based control of IR ovens : Efficient and precise heating up to thermoplastic composites Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Junsheng Luo, Auteur ; Norbert Müller, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 17-21 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Chauffage Composites thermoplastiques -- Moulage par injection Plaques (ingénierie) Rayonnement infrarouge Index. décimale : 668.4 Plastiques, vinyles Résumé : Infrared heating technology has become established as the standard in the processing of thermoplastic composite materials. It makes it possible to heat flat organo sheets of up to about 3 mm thickness within the cycle times characteristic for injection molding processing. The focus is on process control. On the one hand, it is important that the heating process is fast, on the other hand, the material must not be overheated. It is also important to achieve excellent temperature homogeneity. Simultaneous processing of blanks with different thicknesses is particular challenge. Note de contenu : - IR oven supports fast not handling - Efficient heating of thick semi-finished products - Highest temperature homogeneity with optimum material protection - Controlling a large variety of operating states - Reaching targets simultaneously with all control zones - Heating up semi-finished products of different thicknesses together - Figure : Three organo sheets of different thickness are heated in two IR ovens in the production of a door structural part - Fig. 1 : The surface temperature is monitored using pyrometers during the entire heating process. A double-sided IR oven is equipped with six pyrometer as standard equipment. The picture shows an example of the temperature curve at one measuring position during the heating phase and the soaking phase - Fig. 2 : A double-sided horizontal IR oven with 100 x 600 mm payload area : the radiators are combined into groups to allow for control on the basics of a specific temperature measurement - Fig. 3 : In the experiment, thermal inhomogeneties were specifically induced (initiatial situation). The resulting heating curves were then optimized by automatic process control (CZ = control zone) - Fig. 4 : Automatic optimization of the heating behavior leads to a more uniform, almost linear temperature rise - Fig. 5 : Software-supported optimization of the control parameters ensures high control quality in the heating phase - Fig. 6 : Thanks to automatic process optimization, the two organo sheets reach the temperature setpoint at the same time despite of their different thicknesses Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=35099 [article]

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Zero-waste concept for carbon SMC / Gernot Schweizer in KUNSTSTOFFE INTERNATIONAL, Vol. 110, N° 10 (2020)  

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