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[article]
Titre : Chemical treatment Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Karl Flowers, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 40-44 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Coagulation
Déchets industriels -- Elimination
Eaux usées -- Epuration
Eaux usées -- Recyclage
Floculation
pH
Précipitation (chimie)Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The removal of pollutants from a tannery wastewater is an elementary requirement. Whether it is in the tanner's owen effluent treatment plant (ETP), a communal/common effluent treatment plant (CETP), or a municipal effluent plant will use a combination of methods in the treatment process to achieve this. The three broad categories of these treatments are physical, biological and chemical. These could also be hybridised into treatment systems that use more than one type of treatment. Physical removal methods like one type of tratment. Physical removal methods like screens, brushes, flow velocity fluctuations, pipe pressures or membrane filtration, can force pollutants out of a strem. Physico-chemical methods like electrolysis or reverse osmosis add a physico-chemical attribute to the separation.
Biological systems that are plentiful in tanneries where the weather permits rapid growth of bacteria, algae and other micro-organisms, play a role in removal of pollutants through the action of their enzymes or through bioaccumulation of the effluent chemistry into their biomass. A chemical method that is not going to be detailed in this article is the chemical inclusion of oxygen into the effluent ; a method known as aeration. Other chemical methods are detailed below.Note de contenu : - pH modification
- Coagulation
- Flocculation
- Precipitation (clarification) or flotation
- Fig. 1 : A soluble chemical is often a charged molecule that can electrostatically interact with the polar solvent
- Fig. 2 : By changing the pH or by adding a counterion, the solubility is decreased, and the solute will precipitate or float
- Fig. 3 : When a solute has one charge, it generally repels similar molecules and remains in solution and with a low particle size
- Fig. 4 : If a polymer is added to a solution of a specific charge, the polymer could cause the solute to precipitate and floc together to form very large particle sized aggregates (easili removed)
- Fig. 5 : In a flotation system instead of precipitating and allowing thesludge to sink, dissolved air flotation precipitates the floc and the air bubbles carry the aggregate upwards - to be skimmed offEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1e4N2UD9XyhXfrFAOjW4rtqoZB65Ot6zy/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33708
in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM) > N° 40 (03-04/2020) . - p. 40-44[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 21606 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Chemically modified castor oil for softening of leather - A novel approach / Bindia Sahu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVI, N° 4 (04/2021)
[article]
Titre : Chemically modified castor oil for softening of leather - A novel approach Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Bindia Sahu, Auteur ; Murali Sathish, Auteur ; Gladstone Christopher Jayakumar, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 119-125 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Caractérisation
CarbènesLe carbène est une molécule organique contenant un atome de carbone divalent.
Des règles IUPAC précises permettent de les nommer1.
Très stable dans un environnement tétravalent, le carbone peut également adopter un mode de liaison divalent. On lui attribue alors un doublet non liant et une lacune électronique.
Les carbènes sont en général utilisés comme intermédiaires réactionnels dans quelques réactions chimiques, où leur très forte instabilité permet de rendre réactives des fonctions relativement inertes. En particulier, ils peuvent réagir avec un alcène afin de générer un motif cyclopropane, ou s'insérer dans une liaison C-C ou C-H. Naturellement instables, les carbènes peuvent acquérir une certaine stabilité en s'associant à des métaux de transition pour former des complexes métallo-carbènes. La double liaison carbone-métal formée dans ce type de composés permet de stabiliser temporairement le carbène.
La formation des carbènes est souvent effectuée à partir de composés diazo. La libération d'une molécule de diazote permet alors d'obtenir le carbone divalent.
Croûte (cuir)On entend par "cuir en croûte" des cuirs ayant subi les opérations jusqu'au tannage, à l'exclusion de toute opération de corroyage ou de finissage, mais qui, par opposition aux wet-blue ont été séchés.
Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés mécaniques
Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés organoleptiques
Emulsions
Essais de résilience
Essais dynamiques
Granulométrie
Huile de ricin et constituants
Matériaux -- Modifications chimiques
Produits de nourriture du cuir
Taille des particulesIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Fatliquoring is an important step of post tanning process of leather manufacturing where incorporation of self-emulsified oil (lubricant) makes the leather soft. There are several methods which introduce polarity into oil and provide the path where reactive species of modified oil can interact with water which leads to form a fatliquor. The aim of this work is to introduce an extra polarity into the fatty acid moiety through chemical modification of castor oil by carbene intermediate. The spectroscopic characterisation such as FTIR,
1H-NMR and 13C-NMR of fatliquor have been carried out. Particle size analysis of fatliquor has also been done. The experimental leathers have been tested for physical strength characterisation such as tensile and tear strength verses control and found to have better properties than control. SEM analysis for morphological study of experimental leather were also carried out which clearly indicates the uniform dispersion of fiber bundles due to the fine distribution of the novel and self-emulsifying fatliquor throughout the matrix.Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Materials - Preparation of novel fatliquor
- CHARACTERIZATION : Particle size analysis of fatliquor - Spectroscopic analysis of fatliquor - Application of novel fatliquor in leather manufacturing - Scanning Electon Microscopic (SEM) analysis - Physical strength characteristics and organoleptic properties of leather
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Preparation of novel fatliquor - Particle size analysis - FTIR analysis - NMR - C-NMR - Physical strength characteristics and organoleptic properties of leather - Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis
- Table 1 : Process recipe for upper leather making
- Table 2 : Physical strength characteristics of crust leather treated with conventional and novel fatliquor
- Table 3 : Organoleptic property evaluationDOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i4.4283 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cvlGa0oyFvYEP7E_C5fztHzL9NC9phwP/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=35685
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXVI, N° 4 (04/2021) . - p. 119-125[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 22710 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible
Titre : Chemistry : Leather dyes, fur dyes and paper dyes Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Arunakumar N C, Auteur Editeur : Saarbrücken [Germany] : Lambert Academic Publishing Année de publication : 2021 Importance : 52 p. Présentation : ill. Format : 22 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-620-4-73074-5 Prix : 43,90 E Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Colorants
Cuirs et peaux -- Teinture
Fourrures -- Teinture
Papier -- ColorationIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The rapid growth in the high-tech uses of dyes, particularly in ink-jet printing, is beginning to make an impact. Although the volumes of hi-tech dyes will remain small in comparison to dyes for traditional applications, the value will be signifi- cant because of the higher price of these specialized dyes.Leather is a very complex and heterogeneous substrate. Once the animal has been slaughtered, the hide or skin has to be removed, cleaned, depilated, and tanned in the so-called “beam house” process. The term “hide” is used for the outer covering of animals with a body surface area of more than 1 m2 like bovines, and the term “skin” for that of smaller animals like sheep, goats, and pigs. Large proportions of sheepskins are used for fur production. Note de contenu : - LEATHER DYES : Color selection - Aniline leather - Pigmented leather - Colour index - Natural and mordant dyes - Tanning agents - Dyewood - Synthetic mordant dyes - Basic dyes - Azine dyes - Other ctionic (basic) dyes - Acid dyes - Amphoteric dyes - Low-molecular azo dyes - Resorcinol azo dyes - Azo metal-complex dyes - Direct dyes s- Condensation dyes - Polyazo dyes - Phthalocyanine dyes - Sulfur dyes - Reactive dyes - Solvent dyes - Pigments
- FUR DYES : Origin of fur - Animal rights - Fur hair and classification - Fur dressing - Fur finishing - The final stage - Garments and fashion - Lables - Fur dyeing : History and outlook - Color selection and colour index - Vegetable dyes - Oxidation bases - Disperse dyes - Acid and direct dyes - Metal-complex dyes - Other synthetic dyes
- PAPER DYES : Classification of paper dyes - Direct dyes - Anionic direct dyes - Cationic direct dyes - Acid dyes - Cationic (basic) dyes - Sulfur dyes - Sulfur dyes - Organic pigments - Special requirements for paper dyesPermalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=36815 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 23154 675 NC Monographie Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Documents numériques
Chemistry : Leather dyes, fur dyes and paper dyesURL
Titre : Chemistry of leather manufacturing Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ramon Palop Arroyo, Auteur ; David Sabaté Rojas, Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Importance : 411 p. Présentation : ill. Format : 24 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 979-88405-24442-- Prix : 83 E Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux
TannageIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Note de contenu : - 1. COW HIDE : General skin properties - Cattle hide histology - Cattle hide composition - Collagenic structure - Chemical composition of collagen - Non-collagenic structure
- 2. BEAMHOUSE : Soaking - Unhairing and liming - Deliming - Bating
- 3. DEGREASING : Fatty substances present on the cattle hide - Physicochemical mechanisms that affect fats during - Surfactants - Lipases - Experimental optimization of the degreasing process - Conclusions
- 4. TANNING : The chemical products - The pickling process - Hide's swelling - Tanning with aluminum salts - Tanning with aldehydes - Tanning with phosphonium salts - Tanning with syntans - Vegetable tanning - Wet white tanning
- RETANNING : Post-tanning processes - Chrome tanned leather - Retanning with chromium salts and its derivatives - Neutraliztion anionization - Retanning with syntans - Retanning with vegetable extracts - Acrylic resins - Retanning with protein derivatives - Standard retanning process - Wet white tanned leather
- 6. FATLIQUORING : Components of a fatliquor oil - Properties of a fatliquor - Applicative properties on the leather
- 7. DYEING : Colorimetry - Dyestuff - Chemical dyeing processes - Kinetic dyeing process - Light fastness of dyestuffs - Influence of the processes prior to dyeing
- 8. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES : Physical and structural properties of leather - Assessment of physical resistancePermalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40475 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 24478 675 PAL Monographie Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Documents numériques
Chemistry of leather manufacturingURL Chinese understanding of the ecological environment values of the leather industry / Han Wang in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 105, N° 1 (01-02/2021)
[article]
Titre : Chinese understanding of the ecological environment values of the leather industry Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Han Wang, Auteur ; Jing Li, Auteur ; Yang Zhao, Auteur ; Jie Chen, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 1-8 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Industrie -- Aspect de l'environnement
Cuirs et peaux -- Industrie -- ChineIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The leather industry waste-water is one of the main pollution factors of the ecological environnent. Due to long-term market competition, it was impossible to transfer the cost of waste water treatment to consumers. Discharging wastewater illegally became the usual behaviours of leather factories in past decades in China. The Environmental Supervision Department of China was faced with the dilemma of 'If we let it be, there will be a mess and 'if we take strict supervision the enterprises could not survive due to the high treatment cost'. We have to tolerate and accept the fact that environmental pollution is an inevitable consequence of extensive economic construction. In order to reduce and control pollution, the Supervision Department are strengthening supervision while accelerating the upgrading of leather production equipment, supporting enterprises to improve production process, guiding the mergers and reorganizations of the leather manufacturing industry, and seeking the dialectical unity of industry and public interests between pollution and development, survival and ecology. Note de contenu : - Characteristics and general technologies of pollution treatment in leather industry
- The chinese government's supervision measures of environmental pollution
- The effect of leather pollution supervision in China in the past decades
- The new path of leather industry pollution governance in China
- Self consistent logic of new path of leather pollution governance in China
- Table 1 : The ranking of leather products and shoes in various regions of China in 2019
- Table 2 : Rankings of China's light leather production from January to August 2019
- Table 3 : Sample statistics of environmental pollution penalties for leather enterprises
- Table 4 : Comparison of discharge standards of main pollutants from tanning (mg/L)En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AmEXz0Tznimv2OiFm14dWBKNizrJgAxl/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=35311
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 105, N° 1 (01-02/2021) . - p. 1-8[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 22599 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Chitosan based antibacterial composite materials for leather industry : a review / Linlin Yuan in JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol. 3 (Année 2021)
PermalinkChitosan in leather production. Part 1 / Stephen M. Burkinshaw in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 75 (Année 1991)
PermalinkChitosan in leather production. Part 2 / Stephen M. Burkinshaw in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 76, N° 1 (01-02/1992)
PermalinkChitosan in leather production. Part 6 / Stephen M. Burkinshaw in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 77, N° 1 (01-02/1993)
PermalinkPermalinkPermalinkChrome-melamine syntan : a step towards developing fuller leather / P. Balasubramanian in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CX, N° 10 (10/2015)
PermalinkPermalinkPermalinkPermalinkChromium consideration / BLC Leather Technology Centre in LEATHER INTERNATIONAL, Vol. 215, N° 4835 (10/2013)
PermalinkChromium(III) pigments : Use of leather wastes as alternative starting material / Kalarical Janardhanan Sreeram in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVI, N° 7 (07/2011)
PermalinkChromium(III) separation from tannery wastewaters by partial freezing / D. M. Turtoi in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 88, N° 4 (07-08/2004)
PermalinkChromium(VI) extracted from leather using acid and alkaline artificial perspiration / Dai Hong in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 93, N° 5 (09-10/2009)
PermalinkChromium (VI) formation : thermal studies on chrome salt and chrome tanned hide powder / N. N. Fathima in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVI, N° 11 (11/2001)
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