[article]
| Titre : |
Total degradation or environmental experiment ? |
| Type de document : |
texte imprimé |
| Auteurs : |
C. Brunner, Auteur ; U. Baumann, Auteur ; E. Pletscher, Auteur ; M. Eugster, Auteur ; St. Gallen, Auteur |
| Année de publication : |
2000 |
| Article en page(s) : |
p. 276-280 |
| Note générale : |
Bibliogr. |
| Langues : |
Anglais (eng) |
| Catégories : |
Chimie analytique
Eau -- Pollution
Eau douce
Eaux de surface
Eaux usées -- Analyse
Eaux usées -- Epuration
Eaux usées -- Stations de traitements
Ecotoxicologie
Métabolites
Poissons -- Effets de la pollution de l'eau
Pollution
Salmonidés
Spectrométrie infrarouge
Toxicologie
|
| Index. décimale : |
668.1 Agents tensioactifs : savons, détergents |
| Résumé : |
Owing to the alarming state of health of Salmonidae in many Swiss rivers, effluents of sewage treatment plants were studied. Water-polluting substances were enriched by solid-phase extraction (reversed-phase), isolated and fractionated by thin-layer chromatography using automatic multiple development (AMD). By subsequent biological detection with Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, and Chlorella vulgaris the positions of the toxic substances were verified. The spots were scratched out and eluted, then the toxic substances were analysed by infrared spectroscopy and characterized in comparison with reference spectra. The infrared (IR) spectra of the effluents of the sewage treatment plant resembled strongly those of adducts of ethylene oxide and mono- and diglycerides, adducts of ethylene oxide and hydrogenated castor oil, amphoteric surfactants, and fatty alcohol alkoxylates. To verify the indications of the IR spectra the respective raw materials were subjected to biodegradation in an extended OECD-test 302B and a laboratory trickling filter test. Two of nine substances proved to be totally biodegradable. The refractory intermediates of the seven incompletely degradable substances were obtained through trickling filters, enriched by solid-phase extraction and analysed by infrared spectroscopy. After thin-layer chromatography and subsequent biological detection by Bacillus subtilis, only the trickling filter effluents of the amphoteric surfactants, e.g. cocoamphodiacetate and cocoamphodipropionate showed toxic effects. These substances are often used in shower gels and shampoos. To our knowledge, data on the ecotoxic or biological effects of their refractory compounds are not available. Considering the large amounts of these intermediates in surface water, further studies are necessary. The amounts are considerably larger than, for example, the amounts of drugs or pesticides (although this is not to question at all the problematic nature of drugs and pesticides). From the point of view of preventive environment t protection, substances that are used in large amounts should be completely biodegradable in sewage treatment plants under aerobic conditions. |
| Permalink : |
https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3231 |
in TENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS > Vol. 37, N° 5/2000 (09-10/2000) . - p. 276-280
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