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Modification of starch and its application in leather making / Jumeng Zhen in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 86, N° 3 (05-06/2002)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 86, N° 3 (05-06/2002) . - p. 93-95 Titre : Modification of starch and its application in leather making Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jumeng Zhen, Auteur ; Ma Jianzhong, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 93-95 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Agents de tannage Amidons Cuirs et peaux Greffage (chimie) Matériaux -- Modifications chimiques Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : In this paper, the general methods of starch modification are discussed. The applications of modified starch in leather making are summarized and the potential applications of the modified starch are considered. Though the studies of the modified starch were focussed on dialdehyde starch that has been used as tanning material in the past, the authors believe that graft starch maybe a possible new material in leather making with uses as tanning agent, retanning agent, and finishing agent. Note de contenu : - The structure of starch - Modification of starch - Application of Modified starch in leather making En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/15SwQjBHRIbWIlA12GmzAsLfIwtzRhJqm/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39921 [article]

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Alternative treatments for footwear industry liquid effluents - Part 1 - Classical approach in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 86, N° 3 (05-06/2002)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 86, N° 3 (05-06/2002) . - p. 96-100 Titre : Alternative treatments for footwear industry liquid effluents - Part 1 - Classical approach Type de document : texte imprimé Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 96-100 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Adsorption Caractérisation Charbon actif Chaussures -- Industrie -- Aspect de l'environnement Coagulation Cuirs et peaux Déchets industriels -- Elimination Eaux usées -- Epuration Eaux usées -- Recyclage Floculation Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The footwear industry generates small volumes of non-biodegradable liquid effluents from finishing operations which have a high organic load, mainly due to pigments, organic acids and organic solvents. In consequence, these effluents must be treated to accomplish regulatory requirements before discharge. One of the treatment alternatives is coagulation/flocculation, a well-known treatment for removing fine particles and colloids. Tests carried out using lime, aluminum sulphate, ferric chloride and ferric sulphate as coagulants gave chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 5-day biochemica1 oxygen demand (BOD5) removals over 80-90 %. However, despite this efficiency, some of the effluent characteristics are still higher than those imposed for discharge to surface waters, land or sewage systems. A polishing step using activated carbon adsorption is then required to permit the discharge to sewage systems, but the quantities of adsorbent required casts some doubt on the feasibility of the process. Note de contenu : - Characterisation of the effluents - Coagulation/flocculation - Activated carbon adsorption - Table 1 : Characteristics of the effluents according to their residence time at the finishing system- - Table 2 : Characteristics of the one-week-old sample B of effluent - Table 3 : Jar tests with effluent sample B - Table 4 : Selected conditions for coagulation/flocculation of A, B and C effluent samples - Table 5 : Results of coagulation/flocculation on effluent A - Table 6 : Results of coagulation/flocculation on effluent B - Table 7 : Results of coagulation/flocculation on effluent C - Table 8 : FeCl3 dose optimisation - Table 9 : Results of coagulation/flocculation on effluent D - Table 10 : Activated carbon treatment results En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_YusTO_2yqec69S27ZP60VA4rVk38bcV/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39922 [article]

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Alternative treatments for footwear industry liquid effluents - Part 2 - Pressure wet oxygen oxidation / M. J. Ferreira in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 86, N° 3 (05-06/2002)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 86, N° 3 (05-06/2002) . - p. 101-105 Titre : Alternative treatments for footwear industry liquid effluents - Part 2 - Pressure wet oxygen oxidation Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : M. J. Ferreira, Auteur ; M. F. Almeida, Auteur ; S. Pinho, Auteur ; A. Neves, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 101-105 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Catalyseurs métalliques Chaussures -- Industrie -- Aspect de l'environnement Cuirs et peaux Eaux usées -- Epuration Eaux usées -- Recyclage Oxydation humide Oxygène pH Sulfate de cuivre Le sulfate de cuivre est formé par la combinaison d'un ion cuivre (Cu2+) et d'un ion sulfate (SO42- ). Il a donc pour formule : CuSO4. Il est commercialisé soit anhydre, avec cette formule, soit pentahydraté et a alors la formule CuSO4,5H2O, comme sur la figure ci-contre. Il existe également avec une ou trois molécules d'eau d'hydratation. FABRICATION : Le sulfate de cuivre est obtenu industriellement comme sous-produit du décapage chimique du cuivre par l'acide sulfurique. Cet acide n'attaquant pas le cuivre métallique, seule sa forme oxydée présente en surface sous forme d'oxydes, de carbonates (vert de gris) et autres, passe en solution. Dans ces conditions, seul le degré d'oxydation II (forme cuivrique) est stable. UTILISATION : Une des principales utilisations actuelle du sulfate de cuivre est la préparation (industrielle ou non) de fongicides pour l'agriculture y compris biologique. La forme la plus courante est la bouillie bordelaise constituée de sulfate de cuivre neutralisé par la chaux. TOXICITE : Le sulfate de cuivre est un produit toxique. Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Small volumes of non-biodegradable liquid effluents are generated in footwear finishing operations. These effluents must be treated to meet regulatory requirements before discharge. Coagulation/flocculation followed by carbon adsorption may allow the discharge of the final effluent to sewage systems but the sludge produced and the adsorbent required makes the process of doubtful feasibility. Even with this treatment, threshold values for discharging the effluent to surface waters are not achieved. Such limitations encountered with these more conventional treatments pushed the research towards other less conventional options. One of them is wet oxidation (WO) here studied with oxygen as the selected oxidant. Thus, experiments were carried out to evaluate the influence of temperature, time, oxygen and pH on the reduction of effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD). In addition, the catalytic effect of copper sulphate on the WO treatment efficiency was evaluated. The WO treatment of these wastewaters using oxygen as oxidant requires at least 200 ̊C, 30 minutes and non-alkaline pH, preferably pH2. The catalytic effect of copper is only small thus its role is not of interest for this purpose. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Influence of temperature - Influence of oxygen dose and total pressure - Influence of oxygen dose and total pressure - Influence of time - Influence of pH - Influence of copper sulphate catalyst - Table 1 : Reduction of COD versus O2 dose and total pressure in the system - Table 2 : COD reduction as a function of O2 dose - Table 3 : Effect of copper at 250 mg Cu/l of effluent, pH and time on the reduction of COD - Table 4 : Effect pH, time and catalyst at 250 mg Cu/l of effluent on the COD reduction En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1eucXIBMtZHP8EUGQ_gMyXkk9SBSCSzd8/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39923 [article]

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Development of natural colours in Cr-Fe tanned garment leathers / J. R. Rao in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 86, N° 3 (05-06/2002)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 86, N° 3 (05-06/2002) . - p. 106-111 Titre : Development of natural colours in Cr-Fe tanned garment leathers Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : J. R. Rao, Auteur ; Palanisamy Thanikaivelan, Auteur ; J. Malathi, Auteur ; R. Rajaram, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 106-111 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Acacia et constituants chataigner et constituants Chrome Colorimétrie Croûte (cuir) On entend par "cuir en croûte" des cuirs ayant subi les opérations jusqu'au tannage, à l'exclusion de toute opération de corroyage ou de finissage, mais qui, par opposition aux wet-blue ont été séchés. Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés physiques Cuirs et peaux -- Teinture Fer Myrobalan et constituants Quebracho Le quebracho est un arbre à écorce ligneuse, mesurant 30 mètres de haut, à feuilles tannées et à fleurs tubulées blanches. Quebracho est l'un des noms communs, en espagnol, d'au moins trois espèces similaires d'arbres originaires du Gran Chaco, en Amérique latine : Schinopsis lorentzii (quebracho colorado santiagueño), de la famille des Anacardiaceae ; Schinopsis balansae (quebracho colorado chaqueño), de la même famille ; Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco (quebracho blanc), de la famille des Apocynaceae. Ces trois espèces sont riches en tanin et fournissent un bois très dur, particulièrement résistant. Leur nom provient de l'espagnol quiebrahacha, qui signifie brise-hache. Réflectance Résistance à l'abrasion Tanins végétaux Tannage minéral Tannage dans lequel interviennent différents minéraux. Le plus répandu est le tannage aux sels de chrome, mais aussi à l’aluminium Vêtements en cuir Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Dyes based on synthetic formulations are widely used in the leather industry, however, many aryl amine dyes are restricted due to their carcinogenic nature. Environmental concern leads one to look for the dye products based on natural resources, which may have advantages of biodegradability and lower toxicity. We aimed to create an eco-friendly dyeing process by forming in-situ complexes between vegetable tannins and the Cr-Fe tanning salt, where the use of iron salts results in various colours on reaction with various vegetable tannins. Sheepskins were tanned using the Cr-Fe tanning salt and treated with various vegetable tanning materials, brown, black and grey shades were developed. The shades obtained have been quantified by reflectance measurements and compared by visual assessment. Strength characteristics of the leathers treated with 5% vegetable tannins are higher than those treated with 1% tannins, bulk properties not being affected with the increase in concentration from 1 to 5%. The light, wet and dry rub fastness of the naturally coloured leathers are good with no change on ageing. Colour reproduction at bulk level production is acceptable with minor batch variations. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS : Process details for larger scale trials - Physical testing - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Wattle - Chestnut - Myrobalan - Quebracho - Environmental Perception - Table 1 : Percentage reflectance measurement for garment leathers coloured with various concentrations of wattle - Table 2 : Visual assessment data of the garment samples treated with various concentrations of wattle (Grade points 0-poor and 10-very good) - Table 3 : Visual assessment data of the garment samples treated with various concentrations of chestnut (Grade points 0-poor and 10-very good) - Table 4 : Visual assessment data of the garment samples treated with various concentrations of myrobalan (Grade points 0-poor and 10-very good) - Table 5 : Percentage reflectance measurement for garment leathers coloured with various concentrations of quebrancho - Table 6 : Visual assessment data of the garment samples treated with various concentrations of quebracho (Grade points 0-poor and 10-very good) - Table 7 : Strength characteristics for various crust garment leathers - Table 8 : Visual assessment data for garment leathers treated with selected concentrations of vegetable tannins - Table 9 : Fastness of the naturally coloured leathers treated with selected concentration of vegetable tannins to wet, dry rubbing and artificial light - Table 9 : Comparison of colour measurements data between the sample and bulk colouration of leathers using selected concentration vegetable tannins En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cy6baDBVvluD26gKPLzG7iFzZjo83l1w/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39924 [article]

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Examination of salt quality of Sereflikochisar lake used in the turkish leather industry / Meral Birbir in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 86, N° 3 (05-06/2002)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 86, N° 3 (05-06/2002) . - p. 112-117 Titre : Examination of salt quality of Sereflikochisar lake used in the turkish leather industry Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Meral Birbir, Auteur ; N. Kalli, Auteur ; C. Johannson, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 112-117 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Antibiotiques Bactéries -- Identification Bactéries à gram négatif Caractérisation Microbiologie Sels de sodium Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Sereflikoçhisar Salt Lake is one of the largest in Central Turkey. This lake is a major source of salt that is used in preservation of animal hides in the Turkish Leather Industry. Due to the economic importance of the salt obtained from Sereflikoçhisar Salt Lake, preliminary microbial research has been performed and the salt quality of this lake evaluated. The pH of the brine and salt samples was between 7.02 - 7.97. Chemical analyses showed that the brine and salt samples contain sufficient ions, organic substances and hardness to support the growth of extremely halophilic bacteria. Halophilic microorganisms found in Sereflikoçhisar Salt Lake were isolated and at least partially characterised. The brine taken from Sereflikoçhisar Salt Lake contained 105 colony-forming units/ml of extremely halophilic bacteria. The salt crystals collected from Sereflikoçhisar Salt contained 105 - 107 colony-forming units/g of extremely halophilic bacteria. Colony pigmentation of these samples ranged from a deep blood-red to pale-orange as well as transparent colonies. Eighteen gram negative extremely halophilic aerobic strains were isolated from Sereflikoçhisar Salt Lake. All strains grew in 2.5 - 4.3 M NaCl (15-25% wt/vol) and they grew very well in 25 % (w/v) NaCl containing complex growth media at 39oC and at pH 7.0, they did not grow at a pH of 9-11. When grown under optimum conditions, the cells were pleomorphic rod-shaped and motile. Red pigmentation was also seen in the liquid media containing 25 % (w/v) NaCl. Most colonies were 1 to 4 mm diameter. The colonies were circular, margins were entire and undulate. Elevation of the strains was convex, raised and pulvinate. Pellicule, ring formation, sediment and cloudy growth of these strains were seen in the liquid media. Most of these strains were found to be susceptible to bacitracin (l0U) and rifampicin 5 μg but resistant to erythromycin (15μg), chloramphenicol (30μg), penicillin G (lOU), gentamicin (l0μg), cefadroxil (30μg), sulfamethoxazole (23.75μg) and trimethoprime 1.25μg), tetracycline (30μg), ciprofloxacin (5μg), amikacin (30mg), novobiocin (5mg), ampicillin (l0mg) and neomycin (30mg). All of the strains showed negative starch hydrolysis, Voges-Proskaeur reactions and DNase activities. All of the strains showed positive methyl red reactions. Most of the strains showed negative indol production and positive gelatin, casein and Tween 80 hydrolysis, arginine dihydrolase, lysine decarboxylase, oxidase and catalase activities. Seven of 18 strains reduced nitrate to nitrite and formed gas from nitrate. D-Glucose, maltose, lactose, sucrose and D-mannitol were used as single carbon sources by some of the strains. Most of the strains have been found to produce acid from glucose. Ten, 7, 4 and 5 of the 18 strains produced acid from maltose, lactose, sucrose and mannitol, respectively. These studies show that Sereflikochisar Salt Lake contains a viable and diverse bacterial community, Seventeen of the eighteen strains showed positive gelatinase activity. The salt obtained from the lake should not be used directly to preserve hide due to the high number of proteolytic strains it contains. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Physico-chemical analyses - Collection of samples and isolation of halophilic bacteria - Morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics - Antibiotic tests - Biochemical tests - Carbohydrate reactions - RESULTS : Physico-chemical analyses - Microbiological analyses - Cell morphology - Salt tolerance - Antibiotic tests - Biochemical tests - Carbohydrate reactions - Discussion - Table 1 : The physico-chemical characteristics of the brine and salt crystals samples studied - Table 2 : Phenotypical features of the 18 extremely halophilic strains studied - Table 3 : Antibiotic sensitivity of 18 extremely halophilic strains studied strains - Table 4 : Susceptibility rates of 18 extremely halophilic strains to different antibiotics - Table 5 : Biochemical characteristics of 18 extremely halophilic strains studied strains - Table 6 : Acid production from different carbon sources by the extremely halophilc strains En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Peza4taprLcxIOgHHC_zMrg9KrLQL07c/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39925 [article]

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The need for improved fungicides for wet-blue / U. Adminis in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 86, N° 3 (05-06/2002)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 86, N° 3 (05-06/2002) . - p. 118-121 Titre : The need for improved fungicides for wet-blue Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : U. Adminis, Auteur ; C. Huynh, Auteur ; Catherine A. Money, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 118-121 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Etudes comparatives Fongicides Tests d'efficacité Wet-blue (tannage) Peau tannée au chrome (le chrome donne une couleur bleue) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Mould protection of wet-blue continues to be a major cost and concern to tanners. There is a need for more effective fungicides with low human and fish toxicity and minimum environmental impact. The advantages and disadvantages of currently used fungicides are reviewed. There are problems associated with reduced effectiveness of some fungicides in the presence of sulfide, bisulfite, oxidising agents or grease. Systems used to overcome these problems are compared. Also, fungicides which can control difficult moulds, such as Cladosporium, are discussed. Standard methods for testing fungicidal efficacy are compared with tropical chamber methods. Results of both laboratory and industrial trials comparing a range of fungicides show the benefits of some combinations. Note de contenu : - Introduction : Active components in currently used wet-blue fungicides - Health, environment and legislation issues - Efficacy tests - Early experience - Specific problems - Recent tannery experiences : Comparison of fungicides and stage of addition - Table 1 : Mould growth on treated wet-blue after incubation at 30 °C En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MRdskQfVnHN_ziSTIHyz9ed-o6RCaZmu/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39926 [article]

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Influence of dietary protein content on physical properties of blue-fox skins / M. Mäntysalo in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 86, N° 3 (05-06/2002)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 86, N° 3 (05-06/2002) . - p. 122-127 Titre : Influence of dietary protein content on physical properties of blue-fox skins Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : M. Mäntysalo, Auteur ; T. Dahlman, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 122-127 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Aliments Analyse de variance En statistique, l'analyse de la variance (terme souvent abrégé par le terme anglais ANOVA : ANalysis Of VAriance) est un ensemble de modèles statistiques utilisés pour vérifier si les moyennes des groupes proviennent d'une même population. Les groupes correspondent aux modalités d'une variable qualitative (p. ex. variable : traitement; modalités : programme d'entrainement sportif, suppléments alimentaires ; placebo) et les moyennes sont calculés à partir d'une variable continue (p. ex. gain musculaire). Ce test s'applique lorsque l'on mesure une ou plusieurs variables explicatives catégorielles (appelées alors facteurs de variabilité, leurs différentes modalités étant parfois appelées "niveaux") qui ont de l'influence sur la loi d'une variable continue à expliquer. On parle d'analyse à un facteur lorsque l'analyse porte sur un modèle décrit par un seul facteur de variabilité, d'analyse à deux facteurs ou d'analyse multifactorielle sinon. (Wikipedia) Cuirs et peaux -- Epaisseur Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés mécaniques Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés physiques Cuirs et peaux de renard bleu Protéines Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The effect of decreasing the amount of protein in blue-fox feed on the physical characteristics of skin was studied with three dietary protein levels of 15 %, 22.5 % and 30 % of metabolizable energy due to protein. The effect of methionine as a supplement was also studied. The skins were first aluminium tanned and then the physical properties, the thickness, breaking load, tensile strength and elongation at break were measured and analysed. Analyses showed that the decrease in the amount of protein in feed has a detectable influence on physical properties, the thickness, breaking load and tensile strength have a tendency to decrease. The elongation at break was clearly dependent on the sample cutting angle. Note de contenu : - Materials and methods - Sampling - Physical characteristics - Discussion - Physical characteristics of leather of pelts : Sample Thickness - Breaking load - Tensile strength - Elongation at break - Table 1 : Group means of sample thickness with standard deviations. Thickness does not depend on cutting angle - Table 2 : Group means of breaking load of samples with standard deviations - Table 3 : Group means of tensile strength of samples with standard deviations - Table 4 : Group means of elongation at break of samples with standard deviations - Table 5 : Summation of main results from one-way ANOVA analyses - Table 6 : p-values computed using two-way analysis of variance En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1h3khB4HVNT308bP_KuqQs-9HMC-jm0sn/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39927 [article]

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