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Effective removal of manure-mud balls from cattle hides using thioglycolate salt containing formulations / Hailemichael O. Yosief in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVII, N° 9 (09/2022)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXVII, N° 9 (09/2022) . - p. 359-366 Titre : Effective removal of manure-mud balls from cattle hides using thioglycolate salt containing formulations Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Hailemichael O. Yosief, Auteur ; Majher I. Sarker, Auteur ; Syed Ammar Hussain, Auteur ; Zerlina E. Muir, Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : p. 359-366 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Bovins -- Fumier Croûte (cuir) On entend par "cuir en croûte" des cuirs ayant subi les opérations jusqu'au tannage, à l'exclusion de toute opération de corroyage ou de finissage, mais qui, par opposition aux wet-blue ont été séchés. Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés mécaniques Encrassement Formulation (Génie chimique) Peaux brutes -- Nettoyage pH -- Mesure Produits nettoyants Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The effective removal of hardened manure/mud balls from cattle hides remains a challenge for the livestock industry. Hardened manure/mud balls must be removed to minimize the risk of microbial meat contamination and hide quality deterioration. To overcome this challenge, we developed thioglycolic acid and its sodium, potassium and ammonium salts containing formulations. In this study, the developed four formulations were compared based on their efficacy in removing adobe type mud/manure balls from the hides in short time. Hide pieces containing hardened manure/mud balls were soaked in the formulations for 5 minutes followed by gentle brushing to remove the debris. The firmly attached mud/manure balls were removed completely from the hide pieces soaked in sodium, potassium and ammonium thioglycolate containing formulations. However, thioglycolic acid containing formulation did not show that much efficacy and the debris remained attached in the hide pieces soaked in water which was used as a control. Moreover, naturally onboard aerobic bacteria count was significantly reduced along with the mud/manure balls removal from hide pieces. After treatment, the hide pieces were processed into crust shoe leather for quality check analysis including mechanical properties, leather surface analysis and general appearance. The crust leathers made from hide pieces treated with the formulation exhibited similar quality to that made from the control. The implementation of this inventive formulations in slaughterhouses or leather industry will drastically reduce the time consuming and labor-intensive operations currently employed to remove firmly attached debris from cattle hide surface. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Preparation of mud/manure removing formulation - Determination of pH of the developed formulations - Manure/mud removing method - Microbial testing - Tanning and leather quality analysis - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : pH of the developed formuations - Efficacy of different manure/mud removing formulation - Aerobic bacterial count - Quality analysis of crust leather - Mechanical properties - Grain surface analysis of leather panels - Subjective test analysis of leather panels - Table 1 : Composition of manure removing formulations - Table 2 : pH of the formulations - Table 3 : Mechanical properties of the finished leather product after treating with the manure removing formulations - Table 4 : Subjetive properties for leather samples made after treating with the manure removing formulations DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v117i9.6166 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1JB9yZYBthDABNNz2SoWMy7SEBJdA2RdR/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=38075 [article]

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Remediation of spent vegetable tannins from waste tanning liquor through coagulation and ultrasound pre-treatment : a sustainable approach / Resmi Mohan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVII, N° 9 (09/2022)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXVII, N° 9 (09/2022) . - p. 367-378 Titre : Remediation of spent vegetable tannins from waste tanning liquor through coagulation and ultrasound pre-treatment : a sustainable approach Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Resmi Mohan, Auteur ; R. Muthukumar, Auteur ; R. Shivaji Ganesan, Auteur ; S. Shrividhya, Auteur ; Venkatasubramanian Sivakumar, Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : p. 367-378 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Acacia et constituants Alun Argile Chaux Chlorure de baryum Chlorure de zinc Coagulation Décantation Eaux usées -- Epuration Polyélectrolytes Précipitation (chimie) Tanins végétaux Tannage -- Déchets Ultrasons Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Vegetable tanning is one of the oldest methods of tanning. Vegetable tannins present in spent tanning liquor necessitates suitable remediation measures for sustainable solution. Vegetable tanning agent, wattle extract powder and vegetable tanning process spent liquor collected from a commercial tannery were used for the experiments. In the present approach, natural clay has been employed for the coagulation of spent vegetable tannins. Various other suitable precipitating agents such as zinc chloride (ZnCl2), barium chloride (BaCl2), ferric alum, lime and poly-electrolyte have also been studied for their efficacy in the treatment process and their requirement optimized. The efficacy of coagulation was monitored through settling characteristics of precipitation process and % settled volume for a given time. In the case of wattle powder, better settling of tannins was obtained due to combined use of optimized amount of clay and ZnCl2. Whereas, ultrasound pre-treatment provided further enhancement. In the case of spent tannery vegetable tanning liquor, ultrasound pre-treatment of polyelectrolyte along with optimized amount of normal lime, clay and ferric alum provided rapid settling behavior, with steady state achieved in 20 minutes with settled volume of ~10 ml. Similar trend was also achieved (10 ml, 8 min). for ultrasound pre-treated optimized clay with the use of other agents as normal. There was a significant reduction in particle size of clay (from 539 nm to 298 nm) through ultrasound pre-treatment (20 min.), leading to more surface area facilitating the coagulation process. This method could be useful for remediation of vegetable tannins present in spent vegetable tanning liquors using available natural material clay and shall also be extended to other streams. The present study has explored the ultrasound assisted coagulation science and technology for remediation of wastewater in general, whereas, spent vegetable tanning liquor in specific. Note de contenu : - INTRODUCTION : Chemistry of vegetable tannins - Coagulation treatment for vegetable tannins use of soil clay in coagulation process : originality of the present work - Use of ultrasound in coagulation process - Effect of other coagulating agents - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Materials used - Ultrasound equipment - METHODS : Preparation of synthetic vegetable tanning liquor (SVT) - Settling characteristics and % settle volume - Optimization of zinc chloride, barium chloride and clay - Effect of ultrasound pre-treatment on optimized zinc chloride - Effect of combination of zinc chloride and clay - Optimization of ferric alum and clay - Optimization of poly electrolyte - Effect of ultrasound pre-treatment on clay with optimized normal ferric alum and polyelectrolyte - Effect of ultrasound pre-treatment on polyelectrolyte with optimized normal clay ferric alum - Effect of lime on ultrasound pre-treated optimized polyelectrolytes in spent tannery vegetable tanning liquor - Effect of lime on ultrasound pre-treated optiimzed clay in spent tannery vegetable tanning liquor - Particle size analysis of clay samples - RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS : Optimization of barium chloride and zinc chloride - Optimization of clay with optimized zinc chloride - Effect of ultrasound pre-treatment on optimized zinc chloride - Effect of combined use of zinc chloride and clay - Optimization of ferric alum - Optimization of clay with optimized ferric alum - Optimization of poly electrolyte - Effect of ultrasound pre-treatment on optimized clay with normal optimized ferric alum and polyelectrolyte - Effect of ultrasound pre-treatment on optimized polyelectrolyte with optimized normal clay ferric alum - Effect of lime on ultrasound pre-treated polyelectrolytes in spent tannery vegetable tanning liquor - Effect of lime on ultrasound pre-treated clay in spent tannery vegetable tanning liquor - Particle size analysis of clay and effect of ultrasound treatment - Table 1 : Optimization of lime in spent tannery vegetable tanning liquor and corresponding pH values - table 2 : Optimization of different coagulants on SVT tannins or spent tannery vegetable tanning liquor coagulation for facilitating the settling process - Table 3 : Effect of different optimized coagulants and influence of ultrasound pre-treatment on SVT tannins or spent tannery vegetable tanning liquor coagula(tion and settling rate characteristics during the settling process - Table 4 : Effect of ultrasound (150 W at 20 kHz) on the particle size distribution of clay samples (1 g in 100 ml) DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v117i9.6167 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/11EepJ0UXlEqnC3EVIEXaqeR-iT3Jm2_r/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=38076 [article]

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Synthesis and characterization of large particle size self-matting core-shell acrylic resin / Hao Peng in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVII, N° 9 (09/2022)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXVII, N° 9 (09/2022) . - p. 379-390 Titre : Synthesis and characterization of large particle size self-matting core-shell acrylic resin Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Hao Peng, Auteur ; Huan Wei, Auteur ; Jun Xiang, Auteur ; Haojun Fun, Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : p. 379-390 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Agent mattant Caractérisation Core-Shell Essais (technologie) Polyacrylate de butyle Polyacryliques Polymères -- Synthèse Polymérisation en émulsion Revêtements organiques Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Acrylic resin plays an important role in leather-making, such as finishing agent, filler and tanning agent. Acrylic resin can be easily fabricated via conventional emulsion polymerization, but how to prepare large particle size with self-matting effect has always been a challenge. In this paper, a continuous three-stage polymerization method: seed-polymerization coupled core-polymerization and shell polymerization was employed to prepare large particle size self-matting acrylic resin emulsion. Simultaneously, the effect of feeding methods on particles size and the effects of latex particle size, shell structure and cross-linking degree on the morphology and gloss of coating were investigated. The Z-average size of PBA seed latex particles was 213.4 nm for semi-continuous feeding method but 82.3nm for batch feeding method. After three-time continuous growth, the seed emulsion turned into core emulsion, and the particle size of core latex reached about 700nm. In third stages ofshell polymerization, the core emulsion was changed into core-shell emulsion, and the latex particle size increased further to 804nm. The latex particle size, core-shell structure and cross-linking degree of shell layer were found to influence the gloss of the coating. Large latex particle size imparted the film spherical micro-rough surface, soft-core combined with hard-shell structure led to deformation resistant during film formation and cross-linking of shell layer increased the densification of shell layer, all contributed to the coating rough surface, as a result, increasing the matting effect of the coating. Finally, the leather gloss was reduced from 5.8° to 1.2°. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENT : Raw materials - Preparation of acrylic resin emulsion - Preparation of PBA seed emulsion - Preparation of PBA core growth emulsion - Preparation of P(BA-MMA/AN) core-shell emulsion - Preparation of leather coating - CHARACTERIZATION : Coating gloss test - Measurement of latex particle size distribution - Characterization of surface morphology and roughness - Characterization of glass transition temperature - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Effect of feeding mode on particle size of seed emulsion - Growth of core latex particle size - Effet of hardness of shell polymer on the surface morphology of coating - Effect of cross-linking on the surface morphology and gloss of the coating - Table 1 : Recipes for the preparation of PBA seed latexes - Table 2 : Recipes for the preparation of PBA core latexes - Table 3 : Recipes for the preparation of P(BA-MMA/AN) core-shell latexes - Table 4 : Diameter and number density of PBA seed latex particles at termination stage of polymerization - Table 5 : Variation of diameter and number density of PBA after growth - Table 6 : The number of PBA particles at initiation and termination stage of polymerization - Table 7 : Glass transition temperature and gloss of films with soft shell and hard shell - Table 8 : Coating roughness, theroetical ight reflectivity and gloss with different acrylic resin coating DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v117i9.6168 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1msWSAo-uopmw_m_e7iSiVOsAYNkZalmh/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=38077 [article]

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Potential of water hyacinth leaves extract as a leather tanning agent / Fitsum Etefa Ahmed in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVII, N° 9 (09/2022)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXVII, N° 9 (09/2022) . - p. 391-399 Titre : Potential of water hyacinth leaves extract as a leather tanning agent Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Fitsum Etefa Ahmed, Auteur ; Gemeda Gebino Gelebo, Auteur ; Belay Meles Gebre, Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : p. 391-399 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Chimie végétale Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés physiques Extraits de plantes Jacinthe d'eau et constituants La jacinthe d'eau ou camalote (Eichhornia crassipes) est une espèce de plantes monocotylédones de la famille des Pontederiaceae, originaire d'Amérique du Sud. Ce sont des plantes aquatiques des rivières, canaux et lacs des régions tropicales. On pense que la jacinthe d'eau provient de la cuvette amazonienne et des grands lacs et marais de la région du Pantanal dans l'ouest du Brésil. L'espèce fait partie des 100 pires espèces envahissantes selon l'UICN. Tanins végétaux Tannage végétal Température de retrait Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Potential of Water Hyacinth Leaves Extract as a Leather Tanning Agent Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is listed as one of the worst aquatic plants in the world and its presence in Lake Tana in Ethiopia has been recognized since 2011. Currently, the plant coverage in the lake is increasing and very limited studies have been conducted in the country on practical application of water hyacinth. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemicals, functional groups and Tannin content of the water hyacinth plant found in the Lake, which could serve as a vegetable tanning agent. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to assess the quality tannin in the plant stem and leaves. On phytochemical analysis of the dried material, the tannin content was found to be 4.1% for leaves and 2.7% for stem parts. As the tannin content of the leaves was higher than the stem parts, leather tanning conducted using the 10% wt and 20% wt leaves and the quality of tanned leathers was evaluated and compared with the leather made from quebracho vegetable tanning material as a control. Most properties of leathers tanned using the leaves met the minimum specified standards for leather product manufacturing, which includes tearing strength > 45 N, percent elongation at break > 42% distension at grain crack > 6.5 mm, and distension at burst >7.8 mm. Even though shrinkage temperature is one of the most important parameters in determining the thermal stability of leather, the leather tanned with leaves extract had a shrinkage temperature of 52°C, which is lower than the standard limit (75°C) for leather product manufacturing. This indicated that, the crosslinking reaction between the hide (collagen fibers) and tannins (leaves) was weaker, implying that the leather would not be as durable or of higher quality. Similarly, the maximum tensile strength of tanned leather was 7.2 N/mm2, which is lower than the standard requirement (20 N/mm2) for leather product manufacturing. Therefore, water hyacinth leaves extract has limited potential as a vegetable tanning agent, and the tanned leather will not be used to make leather products that requires good thermal resistance and strength. On the other hand, the tanned leather may be utilized for leather products that need minimal tensile strain and thermal property requirements such as leather photo frames, sketchbook leather bound, etc. Since water hyacinth tannin is less than ideal as a tanning agent due the minimum shrinkage temperature and tensile strength of the tanned leather, the potential of the plant as a retanning agent should be studied in future. Note de contenu : - INTRODUCTION : Water hyacinth infestation in lake Tana, Ethiopia - METHODOLOGY : Methods - Plant collection and drying - Percentage yield of dried water hyacinth plant leaves and stems parts - Plant powder preparation - Extract preparation - Phytochemical tests - Beam house operations - Vegetable tanning operations - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Flavonoids detection - Saponins detection - Phenols detection - Tannin detection - Alkaloids detection - Starch detection - Protein detection - Tannin and tannin content determination by hide powder method - Physical characteristics of vegetable tanned leather - Tearing strength - Shrinkage temperature - Grain crack and grain burst - Tensile strength - Elongation analysis - Thickness (mm) - Table 1 : Beam house operations recipe and procedure - Table 2 : Vegetable tanning operations recipe and procedure - Table 3 : Phytochemical analysis of water hyacinth leaves and stems parts - Table 4 : Tannins content found in the water hyacinth plant's leaves and stems - Table 5 : Physical test results of vegetable tanned leather DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v117i9.6169 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ni2fOXS2WI1btMYHj2_J70BsoOcJ-JeH/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=38078 [article]

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