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Design of leather footwear for diabetics containing chlorhexidine digluconate microparticles / Fatih Yalcin in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXV, N° 3 (03/2020)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXV, N° 3 (03/2020) . - p. 79-86 Titre : Design of leather footwear for diabetics containing chlorhexidine digluconate microparticles Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Fatih Yalcin, Auteur ; Huseyin Ata Karavana, Auteur ; Seda Rencber, Auteur ; Sinem Yaprak Karavana, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 79-86 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Antiseptiques Caractérisation Chaussures -- Conception et construction Cuir Diabète Digluconate de chlorhexidine Encapsulation Ethylcellulose Formulation (Génie chimique) Matériaux -- Imprégnation Microbiologie Particules (matières) Pieds -- Soins et hygiène Système de libération contrôlée (technologie) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : ChlorHexidine Digluconate [CHD] was encapsulated inside an ethylcellulose shell material [Aquacoat ECD], and then spray dried to produce mixed microparticles (MPs). The validity and functional quality of the resultant [CHD-MPs] were analyzed on vamp and lining leather which are used to manufacture shoes for diabetics. The morphology, efficiency of encapsulation and in vitro release characteristics of the [CHD-MPs] were optimized in order to impregnate [CHD-MPs] onto leather footwear for diabetics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the [CHD-MPs] and the leathers treated with it. SEM images illustrated that the [CHD-MPs] were spherical, smooth in shape and adhered well to leather. In vitro CHD-release studies from its MPs, and for leather treated with it were performed in phosphate buffer saline at pH =7.2. There was an inherently controlled release behaviour of CHD for all the formulations on leather. Finally, microbiologic studies on leather treated with [CHD-MPs] were done. This study suggested that footwear containing [CHD- MPs] is/will improve the quality of daily life for diabetics. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials - METHODS : Prepration of MPs - Particle morphology of the MPs - Conditions of Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) - Encapsulation efficiency of the MPs - FT-IR analysis - In vitro drug release of the MPs - Application of the MPs on the leathers - Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of the leathers with the MPs - In vitro drug release of the leathers with MPs - Microbiologic studies on leathers with MPs - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Particle morphology - UPLC conditions - Encapsulation efficiency - Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) - In vitro drug release of the MPs - SEM of the leathers with the MPs - In vitro drug release of the leathers impregnated with MPs - Microbiologic studies on leathers with MPs DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v115i03.1625 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bMgMmBeb608l3LTX7OTST1S0mMdLW9-K/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33885 [article]

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Chromium leachatiblity from leather waste and eco-toxicity under environmental conditions / Peng Liang-Qiong in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXV, N° 3 (03/2020)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXV, N° 3 (03/2020) . - p. 87-95 Titre : Chromium leachatiblity from leather waste and eco-toxicity under environmental conditions Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Peng Liang-Qiong, Auteur ; Long Wen-Jun, Auteur ; Li Yue, Auteur ; Wen-Hua Zhang, Auteur ; Bi Shi, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 87-95 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Caractérisation Chimie analytique Chrome Cuir -- Déchets Ecotoxicologie Environnement -- Etudes d'impact Evaluation Lixiviation Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Chromium (III) is currently used in leather manufacture worldwide and the attention has been centered on the alleged environmental impact of chromium in leather waste. The effects of liquid-solid ratio, pH, contact time, rotational speed and temperature on the leachability of chromium from leather waste and the eco-toxicity were evaluated to investigate the ecological impact under environmental conditions. The characterization of leachate included the determination of total Cr and total organics (TOC), analysis of UV-visible absorption spectra, as well as the toxicity test with Photobacterium phosphoreum. The liquid-solid ratio, extractant pH, contact time and temperature significantly affected the leachability of chromium and toxicity of the leachate, whereas rotational speed slightly affected the leaching behavior when beyond 100 RPM. The toxicity of the leachate was related to both the amount of released substance which was mainly affected by contact time and liquid-solid ratio, and the species which was mainly affected by temperature and extractant pH. Finally, three samples from different tannery corresponding to leather waste were leached and characterized by total Cr, TOC and toxicity test under the environmental conditions of liquid-solid ratio 20:1(mL/g), pH 7.0, contact time 8 hours, rotational speed 100 RPM and temperature 25°C. These results contributed to the risk assessment of stacking field and waste management of chrome-containing leather. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Materials - Leaching experiments - Chromium analysis - Total organics analysis - UV-visible absorption spectra - Toxicological assays - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Release behavior of chromium and organics from leather waste - Effect of liquid/solid ratio - Effect of pH - Effect of contact time - Effect of rotational speed - Effect of temperature - TECHNOLOGICAL ASSAYS : Effect of liquid/solid ration - Effect of pH - Effect of contact time - Effect of rotational speed - Effect of temperature - Assessment of chrome-tanned leather wastes DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v115i03.1626 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/16PobO8GJAa-9BnwXcmCU7RA3a3jZ-kix/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33886 [article]

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Antibacterial activities of lichen derived extracts against different bacillus species from soak liquor samples / Didem Berber in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXV, N° 3 (03/2020)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXV, N° 3 (03/2020) . - p. 96-104 Titre : Antibacterial activities of lichen derived extracts against different bacillus species from soak liquor samples Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Didem Berber, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 96-104 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Antibactériens Bactéries à gram positif Bain de trempe Chimie analytique Concentration minimale inhibitrice (antimicrobiens) En microbiologie, la concentration minimale inhibitrice (CMI) est la plus faible concentration d'un produit chimique, généralement un médicament, qui empêche la croissance visible d'une ou de plusieurs bactéries. La CMI dépend du micro-organisme considéré, de l'être humain affecté (in vivo uniquement) et de l'antibiotique lui-même. La CMI est déterminée en préparant des solutions du produit chimique in vitro à diverses concentrations croissantes, en incubant les solutions avec des groupes séparés de bactéries en culture et en mesurant les résultats en utilisant une méthode de dilution standardisée (agar ou microdilution). Les résultats se classent ensuite comme "sensible", "intermédiaire" ou "résistant" à un antimicrobien particulier en utilisant un point d'arrêt. Les points d'arrêt sont des valeurs convenues, publiées dans les directives d'un organisme de référence, comme le US Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), la British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC) ou le Comité européen sur les tests de sensibilité aux antimicrobiens (EUCAST). On a pu constater des écarts importants au niveau des points d'arrêt de divers pays européens au fil des ans, et entre ceux de l'EUCAST et du CLSI. Alors que la CMI est la concentration la plus faible d'un agent antibactérien nécessaire pour inhiber la croissance visible, la concentration bactéricide minimale (CBM) est la concentration minimale d'un agent antibactérien qui entraîne la mort bactérienne. Plus la CMI est proche de la CBM, plus le composé est bactéricide. La première étape de la découverte d'un médicament est souvent le dépistage d'un médicament candidat de banque de données pour les CMI contre les bactéries d'intérêt. En tant que tels, les CMI sont généralement le point de départ pour de plus grandes évaluations précliniques de nouveaux agents antimicrobiens. Le but de la mesure de la concentration minimale inhibitrice est de s'assurer que les antibiotiques sont choisis efficacement pour augmenter le succès du traitement. (Wikipedia) Extraction (chimie) Lichens et constituants Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : In the leather industry, some bacterial strains may become resistant to antibacterial agents utilized in the soaking process due to long-term use and/or not using in sufficient doses. Alternative approaches or novel agents need to be investigated to overcome antibacterial resistance of bacteria present in the soaking process. These alternative approaches may be from natural resources such as lichens which are known to have various biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal etc. For this purpose, soak liquor samples from different tanneries were collected and eight isolates from these samples were identified by cultural and molecular techniques. Also, the antibacterial effects of acetone extracts of Hypogymnia physodes, Evernia divaricata, Pseudevernia furfuracea and Usnea sp. at different concentrations were tested on these isolates. They were all Gram (+), rod shaped, oxidase (+), catalase (+), protease (+). Six isolates had lipase activities. The isolates were assigned to Bacillus toyonensis, B. mojavensis, B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. velezensis, B. cereus, and B. licheniformis in molecular analyses. The acetone extracts of Evernia divaricata totally killed B. toyonensis, B. mojavensis, B. amyloliquefaciens, and B. subtilis at the concentrations of 240, 120, 60 and 30 µg/ml, respectively. These extracts had also significant antibacterial efficacies on B. cereus, B. velezensis, B. licheniformis at the concentration of 240 µg/ml. The acetone extracts of P. furfuracea had a great inhibitory effect on the growth of most species (80.24-88.65%) only at the concentration of 240 µg/ml. H. physodes acetone extracts totally killed B. amyloliquefaciens and had considerably high suppressive effect on the growth of other tested bacteria at the concentrations of 120 and 240 µg/ml. Usnea sp. acetone extracts had inhibitory effect on Bacillus species (86.6-97.9%) even at the 30 µg/ml concentration. In this respect, lichens may provide an alternative approach for the leather industry to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibacterial agents. Note de contenu : - Bacterial strains - Gram staining, oxidase-catalase tests and selective media - Protease and lipase activity - Molecular analyses - Lichen samples - Extraction of lichen samples - Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) - Table I : Isolate codes, closest relatives similarities, gram staining, oxidase and catalase tests, bacterial growth on selective media, protease and lipase activity results of eight isolates collected from soak liquor samples of different tanneries - Table II : The percentage of bacterial growth inhibition for tested lichen extracts DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v115i03.1627 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/143LDbTUNPjhNUoR1_307Trtl8RzJTLj_/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33887 [article]

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Comparison of the sustainability of the vegetable, wet-white and chromium tanning processes through the life cycle analysis / Anna Bacardit in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXV, N° 3 (03/2020)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXV, N° 3 (03/2020) . - p. 105-111 Titre : Comparison of the sustainability of the vegetable, wet-white and chromium tanning processes through the life cycle analysis Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Anna Bacardit, Auteur ; Felipe Combalia, Auteur ; Joaquim Font, Auteur ; Grau Baquero, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 105-111 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Bilan énergétique Durée de vie (Ingénierie) Environnement -- Etudes d'impact Etudes comparatives Glutaraldéhyde Tannage au chrome Tannage végétal Wet-blue (tannage) Peau tannée au chrome (le chrome donne une couleur bleue) Wet-white (tannage) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Public concerns about the quality of life of human beings as well as the quality of natural environments and ecosystems have led to the increasing importance of sustainability for governments and for all industries, including the leather industry. In this context, more "ecological" leather goods are being demanded. It should be noted that this concept is often used without a scientific study to support it. This concept of sustainable or ecological product in the field of leather goods, are mainly associated with chrome-free tanneries (that is vegetable and wet-white), but this association should be backed up or dismissed by scientific evidence. A complete scientific study is required, which takes into account the different stages of leather production, including also the treatment of water and by-products, analyzing in a scientific and systematic way the environmental impact of each of these tanning processes. This study focuses on the life cycle analysis of the three basic tanning processes: chrome, vegetable and wet-white leather production. It will focus on European manufacturing to have reliable data and reduce uncertainty. In the tanning stage, the process with the greatest impact is the vegetable one, to highlight its high impact on global warming at 100 years (GWP100). This result is due to the energy necessary for the production of mimosa and quebracho in addition to the energy for the processing of the leather in the drums. Wet white tanning with glutaraldehyde has lowest environmental results than vegetable tanning. The chrome tanning process (wet blue) also stands out for its reduced environmental impact. Subsequently, to have a global view of the entire production, the LCA of the post-tanning stages must be performed to evaluate the impact of each of the systems studied. Note de contenu : - Experimental - Scope and limits of the system - Experimental - Inventory - Experimental - Characteristics of the wastewater of the different processes - Table I : Inputs and outputs for the chrome tanning process (wet blue) - Table II : Inputs and outputs fot the wet-white tanning process using glutaraldehyde - Table III : Inputs and outputs for the wet-white tanning process using glutaraldehyde and tara - Table IV : Inputs and outputs for the vegetable tanning process - Table V : Comparison of the pollutant load in the tanning stage in the processes considedred - Table VI : Impact categories considered (CML baseline, v4, 4 january 2015 - Fig. 1 : Comparative environmental results of the life cycle analysis of the wet blue, wet white and vegetable tanning processes - Fig. 2 : Comparative energy results of the life cycle analysis of the wet blue, wet white and vegetable tanning processes DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v115i03.1628 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1i2Jo-InHc_K9d3kWGYpAzddSlM1ZdC7F/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33888 [article]

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