Effects of some important ectoparasites on the grain quality of cattlehide leather / A. L. Everett in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXII (Année 1977)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXII (Année 1977) . - p. 6-24 Titre : Effects of some important ectoparasites on the grain quality of cattlehide leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : A. L. Everett, Auteur ; R. W. Miller, Auteur ; W. J. Gladney, Auteur ; Mary V. Hannigan, Auteur Année de publication : 1977 Article en page(s) : p. 6-24 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Acariens Cuirs et peaux -- Défauts Cuirs et peaux de bovins Démodécie Ectoparasites Evaluation Mouches Parasitoses Poux Taons Tiques Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Hides and leather from 23 cattle exposed to massive infestations of bloodsucking external parasites were evaluated for grain damage in a co-operative series of tests over an eight-year period. In tests under controlled conditions, horn flies, and two species of mosquitoes caused no significant damage to leather grain ; four species of hard ticks caused severe damage in every case, with no apparent differences among the species. Damage from the lone star tick is illustrated at different healing stages. In tests of cattle exposed to severe infestations of parasites under natural conditions, the shortnosed cattle louse caused no significant grain damage inleather ; horse flies and deer flies caused slight but consistent, and possibly significant, damage ; and incidentally occuring demodectic mites caused moderate to severe damage to some of the hides. The detailed nature of the damage is illustrated. Investigation of the mite infestations provided useful information on the transmission of demodectic (follicular) mange, or demodicosis. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES : Test organisms - Test cattle - Test hides - Fly andmosquito test - Louse test - Tick test - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Effects of flies, mosquitoes, and lice - Effect of demodectic mites - Effects of ticks - Table 1 : Identification of ectoparasites tested on cattle - Table 2 : Treatments applied to cattle in four separate tests - Table 3 : Biting flies counted on test steers - Table 4 : Deer and horse flies trapped at remote pasture in 1973 - Table 5 : Evaluation of hide and leather damage from ectoparasites En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cduH7h7Bdt4FIMzI62TxgBqsZrmaRmZz/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=38254 [article]

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Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
008511	-	Périodique	Archives	Documentaires	Exclu du prêt

Graft polymerization. IX. Improved distribution of grafted polymers in side leather / M. M. Taylor in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXVI (Année 1981)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXVI (Année 1981) . - p. 245-255 Titre : Graft polymerization. IX. Improved distribution of grafted polymers in side leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : M. M. Taylor, Auteur ; Mary V. Hannigan, Auteur ; Edward H. Harris, Auteur Année de publication : 1981 Article en page(s) : p. 245-255 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Although sheepskins and cattlehides have the same chemical composition, they differ in physical characteristics. Sheepskins are thinner than cattlehides and their structure is more open. Thus, graft polymerization techniques that were highly effective on sheepskins gave poor stratigraphic polymer distribution in cattlehides. Poor polymer distribution appeared as a sandwich effect with polymer restricted to shallow layers near each surface. Good polymer distribution more nearly resembled a fatliquored skin in that polymer was present throughout the skin, but in lesser amounts in the midcorium than at at the grain and flesh surfaces. Study of the factor affecting the rate and completeness of persulfate ion penetration into sides in the blue led to means of greatly improving the polymer distribution. The depth of penetration by persulfate ion, visually determined when starch/iodide solution was applied to cut edges of the treated chrome stock, depended upon the concentration of the persulfate ion and length of treatment. This absorbed ion was not readily extractable with water and could be used in a separate step as part of the redox couple to initiate the graft polymerization. The stratigraphic distribution of the polymer in the products was determined in stained sections examined by light microscopy. Chemical analyses were used to determine the total and bound polymer content of the grafted leathers. Note de contenu : - INTRODUCTION : Materials - Histological methods - Chemical analysis - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Absorption and distribution of persulfate - Grafting - Effect of storage on pretreated stock - Histology - finishing of grafted leathers En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ocaKQe-p2QVBoCDarGnXPddSmHdlsKWV/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17650 [article]

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Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
008514	-	Périodique	Archives	Documentaires	Exclu du prêt

Hide puller damage and the vertical fiber defect / A. L. Everett in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXIII (Année 1978)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXIII (Année 1978) . - p. 537-542 Titre : Hide puller damage and the vertical fiber defect Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : A. L. Everett, Auteur ; David G. Bailey, Auteur ; Mary V. Hannigan, Auteur Année de publication : 1978 Article en page(s) : p. 537-542 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Analyse de dommages (matériaux) Peaux brutes -- Détérioration Peaux brutes -- Extraction -- Appareils et matériels Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : One of the many ways of increasing efeciency in the meat packing industry has been the substitution of hide pulling machines for the old method of hand flaying with knives. Several distinctly different types of machines and procedures have been developed for bide removal. It was estimated in 1972 that 75 percent of United States hides were removed with pullers. This has resulted in a general improvement in hide quality due to a significant decrease in hutcher cuts. However, this procedure, especially with the newer "clown puller," can exert so much force that it could cause considerable grain-crack damage at various hide locations. This damage ("grain break") was described and illustrated in a pamphlet issued by the Tanners' Hide Bureau in 1972. Tancous also pointed out that, while hide pulling machines greatly reduced the damage from flay cuts, they may introduce new damage from grain cracks. Proper handling and adjustment of machines have been shown to minimize this problem. Some packers and hide dealers feel that hides identified as Hereford hy their hair color may be the most troublesome in this respect. If so, then perhaps the weakness caused by the vertical liber defect, which occurs most frequently in these Hereford-type hides, may be responsible. A packer with this thought in mind offered to cooperate with us to obtain further information. Note de contenu : - Table 1 : Defective sides : puller damage and leather strength - Table 2 : Normal sides : puller damage and leather strength - Table 3 : Leather from selected hides : puller damage and defect En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uU6sW3_aUHT6N7rrsuowqYWmNsu30awB/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=41166 [article]

Exemplaires (1)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
011628	-	Périodique	Bibliothèque principale	Documentaires	Exclu du prêt

Influence of animal factors and processing treatments on grain layer and total thickness of cattlehides / A. L. Everett in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXIII (Année 1978)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXIII (Année 1978) . - p. 207-221 Titre : Influence of animal factors and processing treatments on grain layer and total thickness of cattlehides Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : A. L. Everett, Auteur ; Mary V. Hannigan, Auteur Année de publication : 1978 Article en page(s) : p. 207-221 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Croûte (cuir) On entend par "cuir en croûte" des cuirs ayant subi les opérations jusqu'au tannage, à l'exclusion de toute opération de corroyage ou de finissage, mais qui, par opposition aux wet-blue ont été séchés. Cuirs et peaux -- Epaisseur Cuirs et peaux de bovins Peau -- Histologie Wet-blue (tannage) Peau tannée au chrome (le chrome donne une couleur bleue) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Differences in physical structure between the grain (papillary) and corium (reticular) layers of cattlehides, and especially their final thickness ratio, have important effects on the physical properties of leather. Tanners need more data on the extent of variability of grain layer thickness in rawstock from different sources. The effects of cattle breed, sex, and age on 221 fresh hide biopsy samples from known sources and the effect of body location in seven identified hides were evaluated. While total thickness varied considerably with all factors, depth of grain layer increased very gradually with age and was essentially constant (1.5 to 2.0 mm) after one year. Breed and sex were also minor factors. Extensive data later found in the literature (summarized here) confirm and supplement our results and show that the grain is slightly deeper in colder climates and seasons. Information was also obtained on the changes in depth of grain layer induced by upper leather processing. Measurements from 168 wet-blue sides and 148 crust sides from 13 different commercial suppliers indicate that grain depth decreases from about 1.7 mm in rawstock to about 1.0 mm at the blue stage, and then to about 0.7 mm in dry leather. Certain retannages and finishing procedures may further modify this value. Correlations between grain and total thickness were relatively weak in rawstock, but stronger and more useful in unsplit blue stock. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Rawstock samples - Wet-blue samples - Crust leather samples - Histology - Measurements - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Rawstock measurements - Variation with body location - Wet-blue measurements - Crust measurements - Succession of changes - Correlation of grain and total thickness - Table 1 : Variation in fresh hide thickness with breed and age - Table 2 : Variation in fresh hide thickness with sex - Table 3 : Variation in salted hide thickness (mm) with body location - Table 4 : Variation in commercially processed side thickness with type of process - Table 5 : Regression of grain thickness on total thickness - Appendix table A : Survey of adult european cattle depth of grain - Appendix table B : Survey of asian, african, and south american cattle depth of grain En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Ayqe_KSY6m-NyYX7ZEtZbERE42iFnXZp/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=41151 [article]

Exemplaires (1)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
011628	-	Périodique	Bibliothèque principale	Documentaires	Exclu du prêt

Polymer-leather composites VII. Morphological and mechanical properties of selected acrylate-leather composite materials / Edmund F. Jordan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 508-532 Titre : Polymer-leather composites VII. Morphological and mechanical properties of selected acrylate-leather composite materials Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Edmund F. Jordan, Auteur ; Bohdan Artymyshyn, Auteur ; Alfred E. Everett, Auteur ; Robert J. Caroll, Auteur ; Mary V. Hannigan, Auteur ; Stephen H. Feairheller, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 508-532 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Morphological, mechanical, and water absorptive properties were obtained for the same polymer-leather composite materials whose preparation was described in the preceding paper. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to obtain micrographs of cross-sections of the composites and of their negative replicas. The latter consisted of isolated continuous polymer phase of the methyl methacrylate composites imprinted with the histological features of the parent leather. These replicas were obtained by hydrochloric acid digestion of the collagenous material from the composites, leaving behind the undisturbed polymer phase. Both light and SEM micrographs revealed that polymer was packed mostly in coarse, tight domains around individual fibers in fiber bundles, thus impeding fiber movement on deformation. Some polymer xas found in the vicinity of fibrils in the composites prepared from emulsions. Little protection from static imbibed water was afforded by either method of composite preparation (emulsion or bulk-solution), although rates for the latter were retarded. The relative stiffness of each composite compared to its untreated control, regardless of the modifying polymer introduced, increased with increase in polymer composition level to about 20 percent; thereafter the extent of stiffness depended on the inherent stiffness of the modifying polymer at ambient temperature. Relative stiffness could be decreased between 45 and 65 percent by staking and fatliquoring similarly prepared n-butyl acrylate (BA) + methyl methacrylate (MMA) composite materials containing 18 to 30 percent polymer. Relative tensile stregths declined with polymer increase in the order MMA > BA > BA + MMA. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials and procedures - Matching hide study - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Morphology - Water absorption - Mechanical properties at ambient temperature - The effect of temperature on mechanical properties - the effect of fatliquoring and staking on mechanical properties En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WFcOQ6tjccdUL5cKfwbYKbzSsXYPeLl0/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17503 [article]

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008515	-	Périodique	Archives	Documentaires	Exclu du prêt

Solvent preservation of pigskins / Peter R. Buechler in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXXII (Année 1987)  

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The vertical fiber hide defect : Transmission to progeny and relation to reproductive failures in crossbreding test / A. L. Everett in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXIII (Année 1978)  

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Wet process technology II. the effect of process variations on hides and effluents + / Maryann M. Taylor in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXXI (Année 1986)  

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Wet process technology III. development of a standard process / Maryann M. Taylor in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXXI (Année 1986)  

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