An acrylic resin retanning agent with a reinforcing effect - Synthesised by hihg solids content microemulsion copolymerization / Wang Xuechuan in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 89, N° 4 (07-08/2005)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 89, N° 4 (07-08/2005) . - p. 164-168 Titre : An acrylic resin retanning agent with a reinforcing effect - Synthesised by hihg solids content microemulsion copolymerization Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Wang Xuechuan, Auteur ; An Huari, Auteur ; Sun Ming, Auteur ; Luo Yanhong, Auteur ; Feng Jianyan, Auteur Année de publication : 2005 Article en page(s) : p. 164-168 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Agents de tannage Caractérisation Copolymères en émulsion Croûte (cuir) On entend par "cuir en croûte" des cuirs ayant subi les opérations jusqu'au tannage, à l'exclusion de toute opération de corroyage ou de finissage, mais qui, par opposition aux wet-blue ont été séchés. Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés mécaniques Cuirs et peaux de porcs Granulométrie laser Haut extrait sec Latex Microémulsions Polyacryliques Polymérisation en émulsion Retannage Tannage organique Wet-blue (tannage) Peau tannée au chrome (le chrome donne une couleur bleue) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : An acrylic resin nano-size latex whose colloidal particle size was about 20nm and solids content about 25% was prepared by a high solids content semicontinuous microemulsion copolymerization. The experimental product was employed in retanning drop [bottom] splits of pigs aiming to reinforce the leather. The offer of cross-linking agent and functional monomer were varied in the copolymerization experiment and their effect on the reinforcing function was investigated. The effect of colloidal particle size and dosage of nano-size latex on the reinforcing function also was verified. The particle size of the latex was tested with a laser particle size analyzer, and the composition of the copolymer was analyzed by infrared spectrometry. Multifunction material test equipment was used in the physical testing of the retanned leather. The result of the experiment showed: when the dosage of divinylbenzene (DVB) was 1.2% and the dosage of acrylic acid (AA) 0.8%, the reinforcing performance was the highest. When the colloidal particle size decreased from 64.2nm to 16.3nm, the reinforcing effect was also enhanced. The tensile strength increased by 68%, and the tear strength improved 44% after the drop splits of pigs were retanned with 2% acrylic resin nano-size latex (with respect to the shaved wet blue weight). The effect of the dosage of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), n-pentanol (PA), ammonium persulfate (ASP) and AA on the colloidal particle size was also studied. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS : Materials - Synthesis - APPLICATION OF NANO-SIZE LATEX IN RETANNING CHROME TANNED PIG DROP SPLITS : Characterization - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Colloidal particle size of the microemulsion copolymer - The IR spectra of BA/MMA/DVB copolymers prepared by microemulsion copolymerization - The effect of functional monomer on the reinforcing function - The effect of cross-linking agent on the reinforcing function - The effect of colloidal particle size on the reinforcing function - The relationship between dosage of retanning agent and reinforcing effect - Table 1 : Recipes used in the series of experiments and average particle size of synthesized latexes - Table 2 : Process details for the retanning applications of nano-size latex on wet blue pig drop splits En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GoIENUWkqhu85g-LTxdP-0cZzXD-IvPo/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39249 [article]

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An effective and harmless recycling technology for hazardous chrome-tanned leather wastes / Minghui Li in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 108, N° 2 (03-04/2024)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 108, N° 2 (03-04/2024) . - p. 67-77 Titre : An effective and harmless recycling technology for hazardous chrome-tanned leather wastes Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Minghui Li, Auteur ; Xu Zhang, Auteur ; Honghong Chen, Auteur ; Sadaqat Ali Chattha, Auteur ; Xin Yan, Auteur ; Biyu Peng, Auteur Année de publication : 2024 Article en page(s) : p. 67-77 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Agents de tannage Chimie analytique Chrome -- Recyclage Croûte (cuir) On entend par "cuir en croûte" des cuirs ayant subi les opérations jusqu'au tannage, à l'exclusion de toute opération de corroyage ou de finissage, mais qui, par opposition aux wet-blue ont été séchés. Cuirs et peaux -- Déchets -- Recyclage Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés mécaniques Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés physiques Déchromage Hydrolysat de collagène Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Utilizing leather production waste to create raw materials for leather chemicals, and reintroducing it into the leather making processing, represents an ideal approach to achieving an “internal circular economy” within the leather industry. This study focuses on the reutilization of dechromed collagen fibres, obtained from chromium shavings, to generate a retanning filling. The effects of hydrolysis conditions on the viscosity, and gel strength of the dechromed collagen hydrolysates were investigated. The application effectiveness of the collagen hydrolysates with different particle sizes in the leather retanning filling process was also compared. The findings indicate that alkali hydrolysis is more conducive to producing collagen hydrolysates with a relatively higher proportion of medium and low molecular weight components, while acid hydrolysis favours the production of collagen hydrolysates rich in high molecular weight components. Additionally, collagen hydrolysates with an average particle size of 162.8 nm exhibit the best filling efficacy, imparting favorable organoleptic and physical properties to the leather. Herein, a method for preparing protein fillers, using chrome shavings as raw materials, was established, i.e., the dechromed collagen fibres (with a chromium content of approximately 33.6 mg/kg) were mixed with 2000% of water and adjusted to pH 3.0 with a small amount of sulfuric acid, and heated at 60°C with continuous stirring for 11 hours. After hydrolysis, the pH was adjusted appropriately to reuse it in the wet blue retanning filling process. The research outcomes have significant guiding implications for promoting the "internal circular economy" and sustainable development within the leather industry. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTS AND METHODS : Experimental materials - Dechroming of chrome shavings - Hydrolysis of dechromed collagen fibres - Performance of collagen hydrolysate as a retanning agent - Analysis and testing - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Preparation and performance analysis of dechromed collagen fibres materials - Influence of hydrolysis conditions on the fundamental characteristics of collagen hydrolysates - Correlation between the particle size of collagen hydrolysates and filling efficiency - Table 1 : Properties of the collagen hydrolysates - Table 2 : Physical and mechanical properties of the crust leather En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hD0IMUh9EOcTIH7DeQDo-eDaYvoQEeci/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40933 [article]

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An effective way to prepare high performance biomass-based fatliquoring agent - Bromination modification of rapeseed oil and its fatliquoring and flame-retardant properties / Tao Luo in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVIII, N° 8 (08/2023)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXVIII, N° 8 (08/2023) . - p. 346-353 Titre : An effective way to prepare high performance biomass-based fatliquoring agent - Bromination modification of rapeseed oil and its fatliquoring and flame-retardant properties Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Tao Luo, Auteur ; Xu Zhang, Auteur ; Biyu Peng, Auteur ; Chunxiao Zhang, Auteur ; Sadaqat Ali Chattha, Auteur Année de publication : 2023 Article en page(s) : p. 346-353 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Absorption Analyse sensorielle Biomasse Bromation Substitution dans une molécule d'un atome d'hydrogène par un atome de brome. Combustion Croûte (cuir) On entend par "cuir en croûte" des cuirs ayant subi les opérations jusqu'au tannage, à l'exclusion de toute opération de corroyage ou de finissage, mais qui, par opposition aux wet-blue ont été séchés. Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Douceur (toucher) Essais accélérés (technologie) Essais de résilience Fourier, Spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Huile de colza Ignifugeants Composé chimique utilisé pour réduire l'inflammabilité. Il peut être incorporé au produit durant sa fabrication ou appliqué ultérieurement à sa surface. Produits de nourriture du cuir Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : With the implementation of Carbon Neutralization strategy, it is urgently needed to develop low-carbon leather chemicals through replacing petrochemicals with biomass-based raw materials in leather industry. To solve the problems existing in the leather fatliquored by the biomass-based fatliquoring agents made from vegetable oils with high unsaturation, such as poor storability, unpleasant odor, yellowing and possible formation of hexavalent chromium, the strategy was put forward, improving the oil saturation through the double bonds addition reaction with halogen to solve the abovementioned problems resulting from the poor oxidation resistance of oil, and increase the binding ability of the oil with leather fibers and endow the leather with flame-retardant simultaneously. In this paper, the methods of modified rapeseed oil by bromine addition and its fatliquoring and flame-retardant properties were studied. The results showed that the bromine addition reaction of rapeseed oil was easy to proceed and the iodine value of the modified oil decreased almost linearly with the added amount of bromine. The binding and antioxidant properties of the oil and the physical properties of the fatliquored leather were significantly improved with the increase degree of bromination modification. Furthermore, above mentioned unpleasant odor, yellowing and hexavalent chromium formation problems were effectively solved when the iodine value of modified fatliquors was reduced to 31 g I2/100 g. Additionally, brominemodified rapeseed oil could endow leather with good flame-retardant properties and the fatliquored leather was changed from combustible to flame-retardant material with the increasing amount of bromine in the oil. The limit oxygen index (LOI) increased from 24% to 31%, the flame combustion time decreased from 127.0 s to 4.3 s, and the flameless combustion time decreased from 28.5 s to 0.0 s. This study provided an effective way to develop biomass-based and low-carbon fatliquors based on natural unsaturated oils. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Materials - Bromination modification of rapessed oil - Preparation of leather fatliquoring agent - Application of fatliquors in the fatliquoring process - Determination of the iodine value of oils - Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) of oils - Absorption rate of fatliquors - Distribution of Br element and collagen fibers - Binding ability of modified oils with leather fibers - Limiting oxygen index (LOI) test of crust leather - Vertical combustion test of crust leather - Ageing test of crust leather - Odor level evaluation of crust leather - Yellowing resistance property of crust leather - Softness and physical properties of crust leather - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Preparation and characterization of bromine-modified rapessed oil - Absorption rate of oil and its distribution in leather - Effect of rapessed oil modification degree on the properties of fatliquored leather - Table 1 : Absorption rate of fatliquors - Table 2 : Oil extraction test results - Table 3 : Leather vertical combustion test results - Table 4 : Leather softness test results DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v118i8.8092 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/12reqFQXSFwDRWiNVXr_pFHQVWb2biTpR/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39674 [article]

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Analysis of pore-size and related parameters for leather matrix through capillary flow porosimetry technique / Venkatasubramanian Sivakumar in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 99, N° 1 (01-02/2015)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 99, N° 1 (01-02/2015) . - p. 16-22 Titre : Analysis of pore-size and related parameters for leather matrix through capillary flow porosimetry technique Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Venkatasubramanian Sivakumar, Auteur ; Akshaya Jena, Auteur ; Krishna Gupta, Auteur ; Asit Baran Mandal, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p. 16-22 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Croûte (cuir) On entend par "cuir en croûte" des cuirs ayant subi les opérations jusqu'au tannage, à l'exclusion de toute opération de corroyage ou de finissage, mais qui, par opposition aux wet-blue ont été séchés. Porosimétrie d'écoulement capillaire Porosité Taille des pores Tannage au chrome Tannage végétal Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Leather processing involves diffusion of various chemicals through the pores of skin/leather matrix. Pore-size of the matrix has significant impact on the diffusion rates of the substances involved. The determination of pore-sizes and related parameters is necessary for an understanding of the diffusion phenomena in leather processing and related techniques. There are some limitations in existing pore-size measurement techniques for natural fibrous materials like leather; hence there is a need for development of novel techniques with non-influencing character on structure of materials like leather. In this regard, a capillary flow porosimetry technique for pore-size measurement has been applied to two types of leather viz., full-chrome crust leather (FCC) and vegetable-tanned crust (VTC). By utilizing the capillary flow porosimetry technique, important pore-size parameters such as smallest, largest and mean pore-size plus porosity and average Darcy permeability have been determined. The respective values are 0.04p, 0.93p, 0.13p, 59.1% and 0.027 respectively for FCC leather and 0.04p, 0.67p, 0.11p, 49.9% and 0.021 for VTC leather. The results indicate that FCC leather has greater porosity compared to VTC leather; possibly due to chrome tanning providing less filling effect compared to vegetable tanning. Note de contenu : - LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING POROSIMETRY TECHNIQUES : Capillary flow porosimetry technique (CPF) : principle - CPF TECHNIQUES - APPLICATION OF CPF FOR DETERMINING PORE-SIZE PARAMETERS IN LEATHER MATRIX : Structure of leather - MATERIALS AND METHODS - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Flow rate vs. pressure - Cumulative filter flow vs. pore diameter - Pore size distribution vs. pore diameter - Number pore size distribution vs. average pore diameter - Surface area - Pore-size parameters En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1fGKd1bf8KpV_CnsPhEfuyphKtiGyq6x2/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=23229 [article]

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Application of acidic protease in the pickling to simplify the pelt bating process / Xu Zhang in JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol. 3 (Année 2021)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING > Vol. 3 (Année 2021) . - 14 p. Titre : Application of acidic protease in the pickling to simplify the pelt bating process Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Xu Zhang, Auteur ; Mengchu Gao, Auteur ; Sadaqat Ali Chattha, Auteur ; Yiwen Zhu, Auteur ; Biyu Peng, Auteur ; Yongbin Ye, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : 14 p. Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Confitage Le confitage est une action biochimique effectuée au moyen de produits enzymatiques, qui a pour but de dégrader les fibres élastiques, contribuant ainsi à augmenter la souplesse du cuir. En outre, les enzymes complètent la dégradation des résidus épidermiques, donnant ainsi une fleur plus propre et plus lisse. Croûte (cuir) On entend par "cuir en croûte" des cuirs ayant subi les opérations jusqu'au tannage, à l'exclusion de toute opération de corroyage ou de finissage, mais qui, par opposition aux wet-blue ont été séchés. Cuirs et peaux Peptidases Picklage Le picklage consiste à faire absorber à la peau en tripe une quantité importante d'acide, en présence de sel neutre (NaCl) pour réprimer le gonflement que provoquerait l'acidité du milieu. Trypsine La trypsine (EC 3.4.21.4) est une enzyme digestive du suc pancréatique qui a pour rôle de digérer les protéines. Elle est synthétisée par le pancréas sous forme de trypsinogène (proenzyme inactive), puis stockée dans les vésicules enzymatiques des cellules acineuses d'où elle est excrétée au moment de la digestion. L'activation du trypsinogène en trypsine est le résultat de l'hydrolyse d'un propeptide sous l'action de l'entérokinase ou par un effet d'autoactivation de la trypsine par elle-même. La cholecystokinine-pancréozymine active la sécrétion des enzymes (donc de la trypsine) dans le suc pancréatique. La trypsine est une endoprotéase qui hydrolyse les liaisons peptidiques dans lesquelles un acide aminé basique (Lys-|-Xaa ou Arg-|-Xaa) engage sa fonction acide (sauf dans le cas où l'acide aminé suivant (schématisé ici par "Xaa") est une Proline). Elle coupe en C-terminal de ces acides aminés. En d'autres mots, elle transforme les chaînes polypeptides en chaînes protéiques plus courtes pour permettre la digestion. Efficace à pH 7,5 - 8,5, elle est inactivée et digérée en quelques heures à pH neutre (=7) dans l'intestin. La trypsine participe à l'activation d'autres enzymes comme l'alpha-chymotrypsine par coupure hydrolytique de la chaîne polypeptidique du chymotrypsinogène. Cette enzyme sert également lors de la 2e semaine du développement embryonnaire humain. Elle est sécrétée par le trophoblaste afin de digérer la zone pellucide entourant le blastocyste. Ce phénomène s'appelle l'éclosion. Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Traditionally, universally used pelt bating technologies rely on the application of trypsin, neutral and alkaline microbial proteases but suffer from complicated operation, limited bating efficiency and unsatisfactory leather performance. Therefore, devising a new pelt bating approach to achieve high bating efficiency and excellent leather performance has always been wished for by the leather industry. To pursue this goal, years of persistent research work enabled us to develop a novel approach for pelt bating by means of acidic proteases in pickling process. Initially, basic enzymatic characteristics and bating effectiveness of several typical acidic proteases in pelt pickling medium were investigated; then, the bating effectiveness through the quantitative characterization of protease activity of the optimal acidic protease was compared with that of the conventional bating enzyme. The results indicated that all of the selected acidic proteases had good salt-tolerance and exhibited optimum activity at pH 3.0–4.0. The novel pickling-bating method based on microbial origin acidic protease L80A led to an outstanding performance on pelt bating at the dosage of 150 U/mL of collagenolytic activity. The bating effectiveness of acidic protease L80A was comparable to and even better than that of trypsin BEM due to its moderate proteolytic ability. Moreover, the deep and even penetration of acidic protease in the pelt permitted it to produce soft, organoleptically stable and overall better quality crust leather than that of the conventional trypsin bating method. Additionally, pelt bating was performed along with the pickling process without extra inactivation and washing operation, making the bating operation more efficient, economical, and environment friendly. Results had made us to conclude that this cutting-edge acidic proteases based pickling-bating method could be the first step/ way forward to replace the decades-old traditional pelt bating technology. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Materials - Assay of proteolytic activity on casein substrate - Assay of proteolytic activity on collagen fiber substrate - Effect of salt concentration on the collagenolytic activity of acidic proteases - Bating pickling pelt with typical proteases - Comparison of the bating effectiveness of acidic protease L80A and trypsin BEM - Determination of soluble protein (SP) concentration in bating liquor - Determination of hydroxyproline concentration in bating liquor - Determination of chromium content in spent tanning liquors and wet blue - Histological analysis of collagen and elastin fiber - Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis - Test of softness and physical properties of crust leather - RESULTS : Proteolytic characteristics of typical acidic proteases - Comparison bating effectiveness of different acidic proteases in pickling process - Relationship between collagenolytic activity and bating effect of pickling pelts - Comparison of bating effectiveness of the novel pickling-bating and conventional trypsin bating method - Table 1 The selected proteases - Table 2 Enzymatic characteristics of acidic proteases (25 ℃, pH 3.5) - Table 3 Amounts of proteases, soluble protein, hydroxyproline in the bating liquor and the softness of crust leather treated by the same dosage of caseinolytic activity (25℃, pH 3.5) - Table 4 Amounts of proteases, soluble protein, hydroxyproline in the bating liquor and the softness of crust leather treated by the same dosage of collagenolytic activity (25℃, pH 3.5) - Table 5 Relation of the softness and physical properties of the crust leathers to the collagenolytic activity of protease L80A (25℃, pH 3.5) - Table 6 Amounts of protease and testing results of the effluents and crust leathers DOI : https://doi.org/10.1186/s42825-021-00068-x En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42825-021-00068-x.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=37552 [article]

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Application of L-ascorbic acid as an antioxidative colorment in leather finishing / Sultan Civi in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVII, N° 5 (05/2022)  

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Application of some plant extracts as biocolorants for leather during finishing process / Roza Mirzamuratova in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXIX, N° 1 (01/2024)  

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Area weight yields in dressing EI crust stock in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 54, N° 4 (04/1970)  

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Bactericides for pre-treatment in suspension drying of hides and skins : 1981 field trials in the Gambia / J. C. Barrett in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 67 (Année 1983)  

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Biocolorant for leather dyeing applications : an eco-benign evaluation of natural coloring agent / C. Kurinjimalar in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVI, N° 9 (09/2021)  

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Biting fly damage on bovine leather - An alternative source of 'light spot' damage / P. J Stosic in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 84, N° 4 (07-08/2000)  

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Cattlehide preservation with sodium sulfite and acetic acid / David G. Bailey in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXII (Année 1977)  

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Chemically modified castor oil for softening of leather - A novel approach / Bindia Sahu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVI, N° 4 (04/2021)  

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Chrome-less tanning - a non-pickling process based on Zr-Al-Ti complex tanning agent / Wang Kangjian in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 102, N° 1 (01-02/2018)  

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Clarifying lime liquor for lambskin processing / Richard L. Edmonds in LEATHER INTERNATIONAL, Vol. 212, N° 4805 (11-12/2010)  

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Collection cuirs / Nathalie Hustache Mathieu / Lyon : Centre Technique Cuir, chaussure, maroquinerie (CTC) (2016)

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Comparative physical properties of leather from young bull hides and steerhides / E. H. Bitcover in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXIX (Année 1974)  

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Comparative study of glucose and sulfur dioxide reduced chrome powders / Ding Xiaoliang in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 103, N° 1 (01-02/2019)  

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Construction of a chrome-free tanning system based on highly-oxidized starch–zirconium complexes / Yue Yu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVII, N° 3 (03/2022)  

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Correlation of chrome and fat content with leather strength / E. H. Bitcover in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXIII (Année 1978)  

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