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An experimental and analytical study on intermittent slot die coating of viscoelastic battery slurries / Marcel Schmitt in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 12, N° 5 (09/2015)
[article]
Titre : An experimental and analytical study on intermittent slot die coating of viscoelastic battery slurries Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Marcel Schmitt, Auteur ; Ralf Diehm, Auteur ; Philip Scharfer, Auteur ; Wilhelm Schabel, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p. 927-938 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Accumulateurs lithium-ion
Enduction par filière
Fluides non newtoniens
Revêtements:Peinture
ViscoélasticitéIndex. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : Large-scale secondary lithium-ion batteries could be a key technology to compensate for the inconsistent energy supply of renewable sources. However, their manufacture is still very costly. In particular, the intermittent slot die coating of the battery electrodes is the speed-limiting and thus cost-driving process. In this field, various patents have been granted, and most in-house coating equipment was developed in industry. These technologies are often optimized empirically, since intermittent slot die coating is not mentioned in the scientific literature. In this work, we investigate the dominating and limiting mechanisms for intermittent slot die coating of non-Newtonian battery slurries. To characterize the process, we measured the system and die pressure and the associated wet film thickness. To build a common basis for all established technologies, we reduced the coating system to a syringe pump, a bypass valve, and a slot die. Our results show the direct link between casted film and pressure distribution within the coating. To reduce leveling times between the coating and interruption phases of an intermittent coating, a model was developed to predict the optimum pressure levels. It was found that different pressure levels during the coating and interruption phases lead to film break-ups or downstream die swelling, and thus limit the whole process. DOI : 10.1007/s11998-015-9717-9 En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11998-015-9717-9.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24694
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 17467 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Analytical determination of process windows for bilayer slot die coating / Marcel Schmitt in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 12, N° 5 (09/2015)
[article]
Titre : Analytical determination of process windows for bilayer slot die coating Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Marcel Schmitt, Auteur ; Sebastian Raupp, Auteur ; Dennis Wagner, Auteur ; Philip Scharfer, Auteur ; Wilhelm Schabel, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p. 877-887 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Accumulateurs lithium-ion
Enduction par filière
Fluides non newtoniens
Revêtements multicouchesIndex. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : Slot die coating is a film casting process with a highly diverse variety of everyday applications. As a pre-metered process it not only guarantees excellent film uniformity, but is also suitable for simultaneously applied multilayer coatings. Characteristic singularities like the behavior of the liquid–liquid interface and the impact of the additional mid-lip on film uniformity were already investigated before. However, the effect of an altered gap pressure regime on commonly used coating windows has not yet been discussed. In this work, we therefore extended available single-layer coating windows for Newtonian and power-law liquids to the bilayer case. Here, the emphasis was laid on the air entrainment limit. Subsequently, the theoretical results were compared to experimental data. It was found that the onset of air entrainment strongly depends on the top to bottom film thickness ratio for bilayer coatings. A critical film thickness ratio which delivers similar coating limits as those for single-layer coatings was derived and confirmed by experimentally gained results. Note de contenu : - Calculation of the single-layer coating bead pressure
- Calculation of the bilayer coating bead pressureDOI : 10.1007/s11998-015-9701-4 En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11998-015-9701-4.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24688
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 17467 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible CFD model of slot die coating for lithium-ion battery electrodes in 2D and 3D with load balanced dynamic mesh refinement enabled with a local-slip boundary condition in OpenFOAM / Alexander Hoffmann in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 20, N° 1 (01/2023)
[article]
Titre : CFD model of slot die coating for lithium-ion battery electrodes in 2D and 3D with load balanced dynamic mesh refinement enabled with a local-slip boundary condition in OpenFOAM Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Alexander Hoffmann, Auteur ; Sandro Spiegel, Auteur ; Thilo Heckmann, Auteur ; Philip Scharfer, Auteur ; Wilhelm Schabel, Auteur Année de publication : 2023 Article en page(s) : p. 3-14 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Accumulateurs lithium-ion
Electrodes
Enduction par filière
Mécanique des fluides numériquesLa mécanique des fluides numérique (MFN), plus souvent désignée par le terme anglais computational fluid dynamics (CFD), consiste à étudier les mouvements d'un fluide, ou leurs effets, par la résolution numérique des équations régissant le fluide. En fonction des approximations choisies, qui sont en général le résultat d'un compromis en termes de besoins de représentation physique par rapport aux ressources de calcul ou de modélisation disponibles, les équations résolues peuvent être les équations d'Euler, les équations de Navier-Stokes, etc.
La CFD a grandi d'une curiosité mathématique pour devenir un outil essentiel dans pratiquement toutes les branches de la dynamique des fluides, de la propulsion aérospatiale aux prédictions météorologiques en passant par le dessin des coques de bateaux. Dans le domaine de la recherche, cette approche est l'objet d'un effort important, car elle permet l'accès à toutes les informations instantanées (vitesse, pression, concentration) pour chaque point du domaine de calcul, pour un coût global généralement modique par rapport aux expériences correspondantes.
Domaines d'application : La CFD est particulièrement employée dans les domaines des transports, pour étudier notamment le comportement aérodynamique des véhicules (automobile, aéronautique, etc) conçus.
La CFD est également utilisée dans le domaine des installations critiques telles que les salles de serveurs. Elle permet de réaliser une représentation 3D de la salle, comprenant toutes les informations relatives aux équipements informatiques, électriques et mécaniques. On obtient une carte graduée des différentes zones de chaleur présentes, ce qui permet de détecter les zones critiques et les points chauds (ou "hot spots").
RevêtementsIndex. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : Slot die coating is a state-of-the-art process to manufacture lithium-ion battery electrodes with high accuracy and reproducibility, covering a wide range of process conditions and material systems. Common approaches to predict process windows are one-dimensional calculations with a limited expressiveness. A more detailed analysis can be performed using CFD simulations, which are often based on in-house code or closed-source software. In this study, a two-phase CFD model in two and three dimensions was created in OpenFOAM with the intent to provide a method for more detailed investigations of the slot die coating process with open access to source code and files. A custom boundary condition enables the proper description of the wetting behavior in the two-dimensional model. The combination of standard no-slip boundary conditions at the substrate boundary with the volume-of-fluid solution algorithm leads to a method-related air entrainment, which was prevented by allowing local slip at the dynamic wetting line at the upstream meniscus in the two-dimensional model. Additionally, a load-balancing dynamic refinement algorithm was implemented to minimize the computational effort and increase the ease of use of the simulation environment. The simulation was validated by comparing the simulated process limits to experimental observations, showing good agreement. As a result, this model enables detailed analyses regarding the influences of slot die geometries, material properties, and process parameters on the coating stability and wet-film profile. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL MATERIALS AND METHODS : Material properties - Numerical methods
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : 2D-model
- Table 1 : Dry composition of the anode slurry used in this study
- Table 2 : Patch names and assigned boundary conditions for the two-dimensional numerical simulations
- Table 3 : Patch names and assigned boundary conditions for the three-dimensional numerical simulations
- Table 4 : Computational effort for different mesh resolutions and refinement methodsDOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-022-00660-8 En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11998-022-00660-8.pdf?pdf=button Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=38777
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 23928 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible High-speed slot-die coating of primer layers for Li-ion battery electrodes : model calculations and experimental validation of the extended coating window depending on coating speed, coating gap and viscosity / Sandro Spiegel in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 21, N° 2 (03/2024)
[article]
Titre : High-speed slot-die coating of primer layers for Li-ion battery electrodes : model calculations and experimental validation of the extended coating window depending on coating speed, coating gap and viscosity Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sandro Spiegel, Auteur ; Alexander Hoffmann, Auteur ; Julian Klemens, Auteur ; Philip Scharfer, Auteur ; Wilhelm Schabel, Auteur Année de publication : 2024 Article en page(s) : p. 493-505 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Accumulateurs lithium-ion
Caractérisation
Enduction par filière
Primaire (revêtement)
RevêtementsIndex. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : In the battery industry, very thin primer layers are used to improve electrode adhesion on substrates or act as blocker layers to prevent corrosion in case of aqueous cathodes. For these material configurations, high-speed coating is mandatory to ensure the economic viability of the process. One way to realize high-speed coating is a set-up including a slot die and a vacuum box to stabilize the coating bead. Knowledge and prediction of the coating window of thin wet film thicknesses is crucial to design the production process. Therefore, the influence of coating gap and viscosity of shear-thinning fluids on the coating window is investigated with the help of various model fluids. In addition, a prediction model for the calculation of the coating window for high-speed slot-die coating with vacuum box is developed. This model is shown to be valid for the prediction of the coating window for the investigated material systems and coating gaps over the investigated range of coating speeds up to 500 m min−1. For a material system, which corresponds to a real material system for adhesive primer coatings, it is possible to reach a target wet film thickness of 20–25 µm. This would correspond to a layer thickness of 0.5 µm for a solid content of 2–2.5 wt%. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL METODS AND MATERIALS : Slurry preparation -
Experimental coating set-up and coating window characterization
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Prediction of process stability
systems - Validation of the model
- Table 1 : Calculated factors and exponents of equation
- Table 2 : CMC content of the used model fluids
- Table 3 : Power-law parameters of the investigated material
- Table 4 : Ranges of shear rate of the investigated coating gaps and coating speedsDOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-023-00877-1 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/17hIPyd8QtYMw8OWK2qCN7fv_6bZaCokf/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40772
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 24736 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Investigation of edge formation during the coating process of Li-ion battery electrodes / Sandro Spiegel in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 19, N° 1 (01/2022)
[article]
Titre : Investigation of edge formation during the coating process of Li-ion battery electrodes Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sandro Spiegel, Auteur ; Thilo Heckmann, Auteur ; Andreas Altvater, Auteur ; Ralf Diehm, Auteur ; Philip Scharfer, Auteur ; Wilhelm Schabel, Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Accumulateurs lithium-ion
Caractérisation
Electrodes
Enduction par filière
Enrobage (technologie)
Formulation (Génie chimique)
MélangeIndex. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : In this manuscript, a method to reduce superelevations of lateral edges in cross-web direction during slot die coating of shear-thinning slurries for Li-ion battery electrodes (LIB) was developed. Therefore, the impact of the inner slot die geometry on the edge elevations was investigated. These elevations of the coating could be almost eliminated by optimizing the flow profile at the outlet of the slot die by modification of the internal geometry. This adaption is an essential step in optimizing the coating quality of slot die coating for battery electrodes to significantly reduce coating edges and, hence, the resulting production reject during the coating step of the industrial roll-to-roll process. It was also shown that lateral edges of the coating can be influenced explicitly by process parameters such as volume flow and gap between slot die and substrate. This correlation has already been shown for other shear-thinning material systems in previous works, which is now confirmed for this material system. At the beginning, the influence of different internal geometries on the formation of the edge elevations was shown. Finally, for the shear-thinning electrode slurry used in this work, optimal dimensions of the previously determined inner geometry for the slot die outlet were found. The optimization was performed for a state-of-the-art electrode area capacity (approximately 2.2 mAh cm−2). The results enable a significant reduction of defects and reject in the coating step of large-scale production of LIB electrodes in the future, adding to a more sustainable battery production. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL METHODS AND MATERIALS : Formulation, mixing, and preparation - Experimental setup and process parameters - Characterization methods
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Influence of coating speed - Influence of dimensionless gap - Influence of shim geometries
- Table 1 Composition of the solid components of the anode slurry
- Table 2 Process parameters and geometrical parameters used in the experiments for the different shim configurationsDOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-021-00521-w En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11998-021-00521-w.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=37150
in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH > Vol. 19, N° 1 (01/2022)[article]Réservation
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