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Aqueous finishing with polyisocyanate cross-linked binders / Lluis Ollé in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 93, N° 6 (11-12/2009)
[article]
Titre : Aqueous finishing with polyisocyanate cross-linked binders Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Lluis Ollé, Auteur ; M. Cobos, Auteur ; O. Solé, Auteur ; Anna Bacardit, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p. 222-228 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Finition
Liants
Polyacryliques
Polyisocyanates
Polyuréthanes
Réactions chimiques
Réticulants
Réticulation (polymérisation)
Solutions aqueuses (chimie)Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Due to increasingly stringent environmental legislation the leather industry has to produce eco-friendly articles. At the same time, it needs to manufacture fashionable and high-quality articles in order to increase competitiveness. As part of this, factories have to replace solvent-based products by water-based products in their finishing formulations to reduce the level of volatile organic compounds. The addition of a cross-linker is required in most cases in order to obtain high performance aqueous finishes. The aim of the present work is to explore the cross-linking reaction between polyisocyanate and both acrylic binders and polyurethanes.
A comparision of results shows that polyisocyanate presents a very fast reticulation (cross-linking) speed at room temperature and has a pot-life of only 4 hours. In order to obtain optimum fastness values, different amounts of polyisocyanate are required, the amounts depend on the type of leather used and the physical characteristics of the binders employed.Note de contenu : - FIGURES : 1. Reaction initiation of the isocyanate group - 2. Reaction between isocyanate and functional groups - 3. Diisocyanates most commonly used in industry - 4. Evolution of the cross-linking reaction of acrylic binders A over time. Chrome leather with chrome retanning. 25 wet rubs - 5. Comparaison between cross-linked acrylic binders on chrome leather with chrome retanning. 25 wet rubs, 7 days'storage - 6. Comparaison between cross-linked acrylic binders on vegetable leather. 25 wet rubs, 7 days'storage - 7.Comparaison between cross-linked acrylic binders on chrome leather with res-syn-veg retanning. 25 wet rubs, 7 days'storage - 8. Comparaison between cross-linked polyurethane binders on chrome leather with chrome. 25 wet rubs, 7 days'storage - 9. Comparaison between cross-linked polyurethane binders on vegetable leather. 25 wet rubs, 7 days'storage - 10.Comparaison between cross-linked polyurethane binders on chrome leather with res-syn-veg retanning. 25 wet rubs, 7 days'storage
- TABLES : 1. Coating formulations - 2. Physical characteristics of acrylic binders - 3. Physical characteristics of polyurethane binders - 4. Results of colour fastness to dry rubbing. Acrylic binders - 5. Results of colour fastness to wet rubbing. Acrylic binders - 6. Results of colour fastness to dry rubbing. Polyurethane binders - 7. Results of colour fastness to wet rubbing. Polyurethane binders - 8. Results of dry flex resistance - number of rubs x 1000 - 9. Results of wet flex resistance - number of rubs x 1000 - 10. Determination of binder acidityEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/17et4UOXjaozggPe2HNaiDqR7M_LV0Miu/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=25650
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 93, N° 6 (11-12/2009) . - p. 222-228[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 011791 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Are indexes characterizing the efficiency of biological treatment of wastewater reliable criterIa for the assessment of the impact of chromium compounds on activated sludge ? / Barbara Felicjaniak in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 93, N° 4 (07-08/2009)
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Titre : Are indexes characterizing the efficiency of biological treatment of wastewater reliable criterIa for the assessment of the impact of chromium compounds on activated sludge ? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Barbara Felicjaniak, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p. 152-157 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The essay presents the research on the impact of chromium compounds on the effectiveness of biological treatment of effluents by activated sludge, the structure of activated, sludge, the composition of microfauna and sedimentation characteristics of activated sludge. The determinations of the indexes of pollution of wastewater have been carried out according to Polish standards, with the exception of CODCr of biologically has been developed, eliminating the impact of hexavalent chromium added to effluents.
In the research it has been established that oxygen indicators were not a reliable criterion for the assessment of impact of chromium compounds on activated sludge. Their value did not reflect the level of activated sludge degradation. The effluents treated with strongly degraded activated sludge, with a completely fibrous structure and very little of microfauna had low values of oxygen indictors, testifying to effective treatment. With the increase of chromium concentration in the effluents undergoing treatment there was an increase in the count of filiform bacteria, most probably that is why ; notwithstanding the high concentrations of chromium compounds, activated sludge, due to the fact that it was impossible to establish which part of organic substances was metabolized by heterotrophic bacteria characteristic of activated sludge, and which part by filiform bacteria.
It was also misleading to analyze the sedimentation characteristics of activated sludge on the basis of sludge volume index (SVI). Strongly degraded sludges with completely fibrous structure were characterized by low values of volume indexes testifying to good sedimentation characteristics. In fact, such fibrous sludge sedimented very well, but the reasons for this were adsorbed chromium compounds.
In the research it has been established that oxygen indicators were not a reliable criterion for the assessment of the impact of chromium compounds on activated sludge. the microscopic structure research and microfauna composition examination of the activated sludge proved necessary.En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1e5NRTJIfJUgy7ANATNAyk9z8otbZjlzf/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6106
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 011502 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Area measurement of leather and its use in commerce / Axel Landmann in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 96, N° 1 (01-02/2012)
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Titre : Area measurement of leather and its use in commerce Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Axel Landmann, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p. 1-4 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Conditionnement
Cuir, Travail du
Cuirs et peaux
Hygrométrie
Mesures physiquesIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Area measurement is the basis on which leather is traded. The tanner bases his costing on the cost of the raw material, chemicals used, labour, effluent costs and overheads and profits or losses are determined by the area yield of the particular batch of leather. The customer buys the leather on the basis of the area measurement but the real value to him is the area he incorporates in the articles he sells plus the value (if any) of the off-cuts or unused leather. This paper considers the actuel measurement of the surface area, the pre-conditioning and the influence of conditions of transport and storage before eventual use. Area measurement itself is an empirical method and it is important to specify the conditions of measurement and to realise the influence the changes in conditions can have when eventually the leather is remeasured. Note de contenu : - METHODS OF AREA MEASUREMENT : The pinwheel - The chequer board - Electronic area measurement - Electronic pinwheel
- OTHER METHODS OF MEASUREMENT : Width measurement - Weight - Planimeter
- SMOOTHING OR STRETCHING ?
- CONDITIONING AND THE EFFECT OF STORAGE
- WHY DO WE WANT TO MEASURE AREA ANY WAY ?En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MArfhMLp7ynuIpsqHqYitF7g782Gdmv9/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=13517
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 96, N° 1 (01-02/2012) . - p. 1-4[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 13659 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Area retention studies for vacuum-dried leather / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVII, N° 10 (10/2002)
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Titre : Area retention studies for vacuum-dried leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Cheng-Kung Liu, Auteur ; Gary L. Di Maio, Auteur ; Nicholas P. Latona, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 381-388 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The importance of knowing the effect of leather making conditions on the resultant area yield cannot be over-emphasized because the price of a piece of chrome-tanned leather is determined by its area. In our previous vacuum drying studies, we demonstrated that the residual water content is the key factor governing area retention. However this general doctrine can be complicated by additional variables such as the initial water content and the number of staking passes, particularly for the toggled-dried leather because of the mechanical stretch that occurs. We therefore have conducted a systematic study focusing on four factors simultaneously: initial water content, fatliquor concentration, drying time and the number of staking passes. We used the SAS statistical program to formulate their interactive relationship on the area retention of leather. A second order polynomial regression equation was derived to plot 3-D response surfaces that clearly illustrate the relationship between the variables and area retention. Observation showed that the area retention increases steadily with increasing either initial water content or fatliquor concentration. This trend slowly reverses, however, as both of these factors increase further. The effect of staking on area retention is also very intricate. Without the proper amount of fatliquor or initial water content, staking can significantly reduce area retention. This investigation has attained comprehensive information of the effects of these four variables and more importantly their interactions on area retention. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-neAIadhNWTEOZThjbqG60UxFj2c_JBI/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4247
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCVII, N° 10 (10/2002) . - p. 381-388[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 001579 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Area weight yields in dressing EI crust stock in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 54, N° 4 (04/1970)
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Titre : Area weight yields in dressing EI crust stock Type de document : texte imprimé Année de publication : 1970 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Croûte (cuir) On entend par "cuir en croûte" des cuirs ayant subi les opérations jusqu'au tannage, à l'exclusion de toute opération de corroyage ou de finissage, mais qui, par opposition aux wet-blue ont été séchés.
Cuirs et peaux de moutons
Poids surfaciqueIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : A study has been made of the area yields of El. crust sheep and kips after dressing. A straight line relationship exists between the average weight of the Crust stock and the weight per ft of the dressed leather. Results, covering several million ft of leather, indicate methods whereby area yields can be systematically checked and alterations in process work reliably assessed. Note de contenu : - Variations within a sorted bulk
- Variations in deliveries of adulterated stock
- "Spready" and "chubby" skins
- Application to costings
- E.I. sheep
- Variation by tannage-E.I. sheep
- E.I. kips
- Table 1 : Range of weights per kip in commercial categories
- Table 2 : Limits of sampling errors from 20 dozen E.I. sheep
- Table 3 : Spread of "leather substance" from 60 deliveries
- Table 4 : Equation to regression line : A= Wx + K, Equation covering 400 tannery bulk lots and spread on percentage deviation from mean
- Table 5 : Application of equation in table IV to 240 consecutive batches in lots of 60
- Table 6 : E.I. sheep
- Table 7 : E.I. kipsEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SymML_5LvvsDEtZM9zNcK1goVrbhtG-V/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40717
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 54, N° 4 (04/1970)[article]Art et techniques du cuir / Jean-Louis Peyre / Dourdan : Editions Vial (2019)
PermalinkAssessment of carbon contribution to the East Kolkata Welland Ecosystem (Ramsar Site: 1208) by leather producing units of the Calcutta Leather Complex : Part I / Sudin Pal in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 99, N° 1 (01-02/2015)
PermalinkAssessment of carbon contribution to the East Kolkata Wetland ecosystem (Ramsar Site : 1208) by leather producing units of the Calcutta leather complex : Part II / Sudin Pal in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 99, N° 2 (03-04/2015)
PermalinkAssessment of properties and effect of heterogeneous cultures of aerobic micro-organisms in the bio technology of tannery wastewater / J. Kupec in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 85, N° 4 (07-08/2001)
PermalinkAssessment of the thermal resistance of leather / Anna Matz in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 68 (Année 1984)
PermalinkAssociated use of enzymes and hydrogen peroxide for cowhide hair removal / Eliane Andrioli in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIX, N° 2 (02/2014)
PermalinkAtmospheric pollutants and the deterioration of leather / H. V. Piltingsrud in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 106, N° 2 (03-04/2022)
PermalinkAttenuated total reflectance spectroscopy as a tool for determining water resistance / A. Z. Trifonov in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 74 (Année 1990)
PermalinkAuthentic Material, la start-up qui valorise les chutes de cuir / Juliette Sebille in LEATHER FASHION DESIGN (LFD), N° 1 (02/2019)
PermalinkAuto interior material types / Abigail Clare in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM), N° 53 (05-06/2022)
PermalinkAutomated clean leather dyeing assisted by wringing, ultrasound and microwave / Ying Gong in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVI, N° 4 (04/2011)
PermalinkAutomated grading with Al and traceability / Neil Martin in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM), N° 49 (09-10/2021)
PermalinkPermalinkAutomated hide identification / Tom Hogarth in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM), N° 57 (01-02/2023)
PermalinkAutomated optical inspection / Johannes Hoehne in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM), N° 63 (01-02/2024)
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