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Titre : Low carbon manufacturing Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Karl Flowers, Auteur Année de publication : 2023 Article en page(s) : p. 56-58 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Atmosphère -- Pollution -- Lutte contre
Cuirs et peaux -- Industrie -- Aspect de l'environnement
Gaz à effet de serre -- RéductionIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Emissions are produced by the growing of an animal through farming, slaughtering, separating into various products and by-products, processing the hide into leather and manufacturing a product from that leather. An emission of great interest at the moment is the production of carbon dioxide (or its equivalents). Carbon dioxide levels have been rising in the atmosphere and the IPCC AR6 (2022) concludes that the clirnate change currently being experienced is correlated to a carbon dioxide level of over 400 ppm.
Many leather companies are now engaged in measuring their carbon emissions, also referred to as greenhouse gases (GHG), throughlife cycle assessments (LCAs). In these assessments, all the processes and sub-processes are detailed so that companies are aware of areas where the most emissions exist.Note de contenu : - Net-zero
- Tannery strategy
- Fig. 1 : Atmospheric CO2 levels (By Delorme - Own work. Data from Dr Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL and Dr Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography., CC BY-SA 4.0)
- Fig. 2 : The different types of scope emissonsEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1QHjcnxwfaqru8ic28ZJOeJoaK4EuUaCW/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40211
in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM) > N° 62 (11-12/2023) . - p. 56-58[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 24298 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Machine innovations 2021 C921 / Karl Flowers in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM), N° 46 (03-04/2021)
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Titre : Machine innovations 2021 C921 Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Karl Flowers, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 44-46 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Appareils et matériels
Cuirs et peaux -- Défauts
Cuirs et peaux -- Finition
Détection de défauts (Ingénierie)
Estampage
Innovations
Reconnaissance optique
Système de pulvérisation (technologie)Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The author takes a look at the latent advances in tanning machinery. Note de contenu : - Stamp recognition
- Defect detection
- Fig. 1 : The principle of edge detection during spray economising - the spray gun ignores the conveyor strings and only sprays onto detected leather
- Fig. 2 : Regular or irregular stamped markings getting optical character recognised into a digital output
- Fig. 3 : Backlit video projection allow shadow digital capture
- Fig. 4 : Colour contrast mapping allows digitalisation through pixel countingEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZXfxCL9dSldmPM3LjQS7EA00ps5Q-lAg/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=35564
in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM) > N° 46 (03-04/2021) . - p. 44-46[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 22623 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible
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Titre : Microleather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Karl Flowers, Auteur Année de publication : 2024 Article en page(s) : p. 44-47 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Eau -- Pollution
Matières plastiques -- Aspect de l'environnement
Microplastiques
Milieu marin -- Pollution
Milieu marin -- Pollution -- Lutte contreIndex. décimale : 668.4 Plastiques, vinyles Résumé : Microplastics have emerged as a silent phenomenon, infiltrating every corner of our planet, from the deepest oceans to the highest mountains. These minuscule plastic particles, measuring less than 5 mm in size, have become a global environmental concern with possibly profound implications for ecosystems, wildlife and human health. The full extent of the problems in nature is progressively unfolding. In this article, I will discuss the extent to which the tanning industry may be complicit with or is possibly the solution to the microplastics problem. Note de contenu : - The origins of microplastics
- Secondary microplastics
- Impact on ecosystems
- Human health concerns
- Challenges in mitigating microparticle pollution
- Potential solutions
- International collaboration and regulationEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1RzJ0xL9yvixW0n8u30mZsguC5nrm0npU/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40602
in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM) > N° 63 (01-02/2024) . - p. 44-47[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 24422 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Sorti jusqu'au 17/05/2024
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Titre : Net zero Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Karl Flowers, Auteur Année de publication : 2024 Article en page(s) : p. 40-41 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Environnement -- Protection
Gaz à effet de serre -- Réduction
Réchauffement climatique -- Lutte contre
Transition écologique
Transition énergétiqueIndex. décimale : 577.27 Les effets de l'action humaine sur l'écologie : différents types de pollution Résumé : The world is beginning to paint itself into a corner, aiming to achieving a position where no net carbon is being added to the atmosphere by 2050. Put another way, the amount of carbon emitted by all human activity on Earth must be balanced by all carbon removed by all humans (carbon neutral). To be certified carbon neutral by a standard such as PAS 2060: 2014 or ISO 14064 : 2018, the following steps are usually done :
1. Identify the subject that is to be in the intended daim of carbon neutrality
2. Calculate the carbon footprint
3. Construct a plan to manage and lower the carbon, and declare a commitment
4. Take action to reduce carbon missions (and review the effectiveness of the plan and the actions)
5. Re-measure the carbon footprint after the plan has been enacted
6. Enter the residual carbon footprint into a plan that will offset that residual carbon, usually through the purchase or redemption of certificates
7. If neutrality has been established, a declaration (against) evidence can be made in documentary evidence.
The central point is that, to meet the global goals, the motivation to do so and the difficulties within this must be clear. At the heart of the net zero carbon movement lies the premise that human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, have significantly increased the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The mainstream narrative is that this results in a warming planet, with cascading effects such as rising sea levels, extreme weather events and threats to biodiversity. To avert the worst consequences of climate change, the international community has rallied behind the goal of limiting global temperature increases to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, as outlined in the Paris Agreement.
Net zero carbon is a crucial component of this broader climate strategy. It involves reducing emissions through sustainable practices and technologies while simultaneously investing in activities that remove or offset an equivalent amount of carbon from the atmosphere. This delicate balance aims to stabilise the concentration of greenhouse gases, allowing ecosystems to recover and fostering a sustainable equilibrium between human activities and the environment.Note de contenu : - Challenges on the road to net zero
- Innovative solutions for net zero carbon
- The role of businesses in achieving net zero
- Problems with the accountingEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qYaLOoWAqn0nY1fiJ99AdhOEBu_1Tmt9/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40600
in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM) > N° 63 (01-02/2024) . - p. 40-41[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 24422 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Sorti jusqu'au 17/05/2024
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Titre : Neutralising chemicals Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Karl Flowers, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 108-111 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Neutralisants (chimie)
pH
Post-tannage
Wet-blue (tannage)Peau tannée au chrome (le chrome donne une couleur bleue)Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : In the post tanning operations of a tannery, a heavy dependence is laid on the pH values of the wet end stage. It has been known rince the acceptance of chromium as a viable tanning method that the post tanning operations play a large role in helping to decide the final properties of the resulting leather.
For a chemist trained outside of the tanning industry, the term neutralisation means to take the bath pH value from either an alkaline or an acidic value to the neutral point (pH 7). This is not what tanners mean when they refer to neutralisation (the pH is very seldom pH 7). Others will refer to neutralisation as to the neutralisation of electrical charge in the leather collagen. Again, the state of electrical neutralisation is very seldom complete. Tanners seldom get to the iso-electric point, IEP (see Table 1), but the act of neutralising is certainly something that does take place.
The obvious way forward is not to refer to the operation in chromium tanned leather as neutralisation, but rather as neutralising. Another version of neutralising is taking the leather, electrically, to the IEP (neutralisation) and beyond, see Figure 1. This is often referred to as anionisation and is a common tactic in the preparation of water-resistant leathers. Another common anionisation or true neutralisation is seen in the manufacture of wet-white leathers or in vegetable tanned leathers.Note de contenu : - Objectives of neutralising
- Can we leave neutralising out ?
- Types of chemicals
- Table 1 : The theoretical iso-electric point pH values (taken from Sharphouse, 1989)
- Fig. 1 : Zeta potential showing the charge according to pH value
- Fig. 2 : Chemical groups of neutralising syntans and agents
- Fig. 3 : Buffering solution pH profileEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/12ig4wDHBKAasa3LrNUY5jbnVfd6NFnYf/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33627
in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM) > N° 37 (09-10/2019) . - p. 108-111[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 21384 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible PermalinkPermalinkPermalinkPre-qualification in procurement / Karl Flowers in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM), N° 55 (09-10/2022)
PermalinkPermalinkProtein and leather charge / J. Guthrie-Strachan in WORLD LEATHER, Vol. 18, N° 8 (12/2005 - 01/2006)
PermalinkPermalinkPermalinkReducing water and chemicals / Karl Flowers in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM), N° 42 (07-08/2020)
PermalinkPermalinkPermalinkSpace saving and prototyping spray systems / Karl Flowers in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM), N° 58 (03-04/2023)
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