Characterization of the volatile organic compounds by HS-SPME-CG-MS in the leather sector / Rosa M. Cuadros in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVIII, N° 11 (11/2013)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CVIII, N° 11 (11/2013) . - p. 420-427 Titre : Characterization of the volatile organic compounds by HS-SPME-CG-MS in the leather sector Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rosa M. Cuadros, Auteur ; Agusti Marsal, Auteur ; Lluis Ollé, Auteur ; Anna Bacardit, Auteur ; Joaquim Font, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p. 420-427 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Caractérisation Chromatographie en phase gazeuse Cuir Extraction en phase solide Réduction des composés organiques volatils Spectrométrie de masse Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Current European legislation demands a reduction in the amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) used in industrial processes. The presence of these compounds in the leather industry arises from the chemicals used in the various stages of the leather manufacturing process. An important aim of tanners is to reduce or eliminate VOCs, without lowering the quality of their leather products. The HS-SPME-GC-MS method is an innovation in leather analysis. The solid phase micro extraction (SPME) is a sample preparation technique used for the extraction of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds and is becoming widely accepted as the technique of choice for many applications and that can be connected to gas chromatography. The main advantages of this technique are speed, sensitivity, and the fact that it requires no sample handling or solvent extraction. Other advantages include the fact that the concentration and the extraction are reached simultaneously and that it enables on-site extraction of the analyte, even without the prior destruction of the sample. This paper shows the development of a new HS-SPME-GC-MS method with a deuterated internal standard for the detection and identification of volatile organic compounds emitted by leather. This method enables us to carry out a simple and rapid determination of the qualitative and semi-quantitative composition of the organic compounds in the samples. Note de contenu : - OBJECTIVE - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials - Instrumentation - Samples - Procedure - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Selection of the fiber - Limits of detection - Deuterated internal standard - Linearity - Recovery and precision - Analysis of commercial samples - Table I : Values of ?area of the chromatograms of the four studied fibers - Table II : Limite of detection and relative standard deviation (RSD) of VOCs - Table III : Linearity and correlation coefficient of the four studied chemicals - Table IV : Chemicals detected in commercial samples En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Fozb01-dQmmasakLc3zDaDEzGjcQjh-f/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=19690 [article]

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Determination of dimethylfumarate in leather and footwear by solid-phase micro extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry / Rosa M. Cuadros in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CV, N° 12 (12/2010)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CV, N° 12 (12/2010) . - p. 395-400 Titre : Determination of dimethylfumarate in leather and footwear by solid-phase micro extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rosa M. Cuadros, Auteur ; Joaquim Font, Auteur ; M. Reyes, Auteur ; Lluis Ollé, Auteur ; Agusti Marsal, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p. 395-400 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Antifongiques Chaussures Chromatographie en phase gazeuse Extraction (chimie) Fumarate de diméthyle Spectrométrie de masse Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : In the last two years, Europe has experienced a rise in skin allergy and dermatitis due to goods of an Asian provenance that have been treated with dimethylfumarate (DMFU). Accordingly, laboratories in the leather and footwear sectors have been obliged to develop analytical methods to determine the presence of this substance given the absence of an official method. The ban on DMFU as laid down in Decision 2009/251 of the European Union establishes a maximum concentration of DMFU in products of 0.1 mg/kg. A simple non-destructive rapid method based on manual headspace solid-phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is proposed to detect DMFU in leather and footwear. Thereafter, the samples in which DMFU is detected are analysed by a solid-liquid extraction (SLE) with acetone after which DMFU is quantitatively determined by GC-MS. The quantitative method is validated in terms of linearity, precision, sensitivity and recovery; demonstrating its reliability. Quantification is performed using naphthalene-D8 as internal standard. The detection limits are 0.005 mg/kg and 0.03 mg/kg for the HS-SPME-GC-MS and SLE-GC-MS methods, respectively. Given that these limits are below the maximum limit of 0.1 mg/kg imposed by the European Union, the proposed methods are suitable for determining DMFU content in real samples. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1eWiehT0YKU5tnSg5VmUDIAbw7NBWyiYC/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=10505 [article]

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Determination of formaldehyde content in leather : standard EN ISO 17226 (parts 1 and 2), revision and possible improvements / Sara Cuadros in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 100, N° 4 (07-08/2016)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 100, N° 4 (07-08/2016) . - p. 167-174 Titre : Determination of formaldehyde content in leather : standard EN ISO 17226 (parts 1 and 2), revision and possible improvements Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sara Cuadros, Auteur ; Joaquim Font, Auteur ; Francina Izquierdo, Auteur ; Rosa M. Cuadros, Auteur ; Lluis Ollé, Auteur ; Agusti Marsal, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p. 167-174 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuir -- Teneur en formaldéhyde Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Extraction (chimie) Normalisation Surfactants Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The retanning process is the main application of formaldehyde in the tanning industry since formaldehyde participates in two groups of synthetic organic tanning agents: syntans and resins. Resins can be hydrolysed with the result that formaldehyde is released. Thus, formaldehyde in leather can be free or from hydrolysis of resins. Due to the carcinogenic character of formaldehyde, its presence in leather should be avoided or should be below allowable limits. The EN ISO 17226 Standard is the Official Standard for the determination of formaldehyde content in leather, which, in the authors' opinion, presents certain ambiguities in the wording of some operations included in their analysis methods and, some of these operations, are susceptible of improvement. Therefore, a revision of the EN ISO 17226 Standard (Parts 1 and 2) is carried out in this work and, in particular, of the extraction phase of formaldehyde present in leather (possible use of alternative surfactant and shaking method) ; reaction time between the extracted formaldehyde with the dinitrophenyihydrazine solution (Part 1 of the Standard) and stability of the acetylacetone solution (Part 2 of the Standard). Note de contenu : - AIM OF THE WORK - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Starting material. Formulation applied - Methods. Determination of formaldehyde in leather - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES : Revision of the EN ISO 17226 standard - TABLES : 1. Current limits for formaldehyde in differents countries - 2. Current limits for formaldehyde in accordance with the "Restricted Substances Lists" (RSL) of major brands - 3. General formulations for different treatments carried out - 4. Formaldehyde content in samples extracted with sodium dodecyl sulphate or sodium dodecyl sulphonate for different retanning treatments. Quantification of formaldehyde by HPLC - 5. Formaldehyde content iin samples extracted with sodium dodecyl sulphate or sodium dodecyl sulphonate for different retanning treatments. Quantification of formaldehyde by colourimetry - 6. Formaldehyde content in samples using magnetic agitation or reciprocal linear agitation in the extraction phase for different retanning treatments (ISO 17226:2) - 7. Formaldehyde content in samples using fresh or aged acetylacetone solution for different retanning treatments. Quantification by colourimetry En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kN8neLZ3EgiEoFOJj3irrOLrLrHhCFiD/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=26793 [article]

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Determination of hexavalent chromium in leather by ion-exchange chromatography. Direct method versus post-column derivatisation method / Irene Compte in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 105, N° 4 (07-08/2021)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 105, N° 4 (07-08/2021) . - p. 175-182 Titre : Determination of hexavalent chromium in leather by ion-exchange chromatography. Direct method versus post-column derivatisation method Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Irene Compte, Auteur ; Rosa M. Cuadros, Auteur ; Anna Bacardit, Auteur ; Felipe Combalia, Auteur ; Joaquim Font, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 175-182 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Chromatographie par échange d'ions Chrome hexavalent Cuir -- Teneur en chrome hexavalent Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Extraction (chimie) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The ISO 17075-2 Standard was published in 2017. In this standard appeared for the first time the determination of hexavalent chromium in leather by liquid chromatography. Two alternative instrumental options are proposed in this method: the direct determination of the absorbance of the chromate peak (Annex B of the Standard) or after the post-column derivatisation with diphenylcarbazide (Annex C). Instrumental performance parameters and economic costs between both methods are compared in this paper. One hundred different leathers were analysed by both chromatographic systems. The two methods proved very good correlation. The post-column method has a higher instrumental sensitivity compared to the direct detection method, which is important to reduce the uncerteinty of the measure in semples around the 3mg/kg current regulatory limit. Other important advantages are its absolute selectivity, which allows the secure identification of the hexavalent chromium in all type of complicated matrixes, and the higher durability of its well protected columns due to the use of cost-effective guard columns. Due to the technical advantages and the slight difference in the equipment cost, which can be compensated thanks to the larger lifespan of the chromatographic columns, it is concluded that the post-column method is the most suitable option for the most determination of hexavalent chromium in leather. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Chemicals - Samples - Extraction - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Optimisation of the post-column conditions - Method validation - Repeatability and accuracy of the post-column determination method - Analysis of leather samples - Economic assessment - Table 1 : Optimisation of the mobile phase ionic strength - Table 2 : Optimisation of the mobile phase flow - Table 3 : Optimisation of the post-column reagent flow - Table 4 : Comparison of three different cartridges - Table 5 : Concentration of Cr(VI) obtained in 14 leather samples, all of them above 3.0 mg/kg - Table 6 : Evaluation of the Cr(VI) results in 100 leather samples En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/13VmY0k59wMY6TKIykzgnXLA9wEalFumN/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=36106 [article]

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Development of a headspace-solid phase micro extraction method for the analysis of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds from polyurethane resins for leather finishing / Antonia Flores in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVI, N° 8 (08/2021)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXVI, N° 8 (08/2021) . - p. 290-297 Titre : Development of a headspace-solid phase micro extraction method for the analysis of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds from polyurethane resins for leather finishing Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Antonia Flores, Auteur ; Silvia Sorolla, Auteur ; Concepcio Casas, Auteur ; Rosa M. Cuadros, Auteur ; Anna Bacardit, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 290-297 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Analyse quantitative (chimie) Chromatographie en phase gazeuse Composés organiques volatils -- Analyse Cuirs et peaux -- Finition Extraction (chimie) Polyuréthanes Spectrométrie de masse Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) arise from the chemicals used in the various stages of the leather manufacturing process. An important aim of the tanning industry is to minimize or eliminate VOCs and SVOCs, without lowering the quality of leather. This paper shows the development of a new headspace-solid phase micro extraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) method for the identification of VOCs and SVOCs emitted by newly designed polymers for the leather finishing operation. These new polymers are polyurethane resins designed to reduce the VOC and SVOC concentration. This method enables a simple and fast determination of the qualitative and semi-quantitative content of VOCs and SVOCs in polyurethane-type finishing resins. The chemicals that are of concern in this paper are the following: Dipropylene glycol Monomethyl Ether (DPGME), DBE-3 (a mixture of dibasic esters) and Triethylamine (TEA). The test conditions that have been determined to carry out the HS-SPME assay are the following: incubation time (2 hours), extraction temperature and time (40°C; 5 minutes) and the desorption conditions (280°C, 50 seconds). Ten samples of laboratory scale resins were tested by HS-SPME followed by gas chromatography (GC-MS). DPGME and DBE-3 (a mixture of dimethyl adipate, dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl succinate) have been identified effectively. The compounds are identified by a quantitative method using external calibration curves for the target compounds. The technique is not effective to determine the TEA compound, since the chromatograms shown poor resolution peaks for the standard. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Chemicals and reagents - Chromatography - HS-SPME method - OPTIMIZING THE HS-SPME/GC-MS TEST CONDITIONS : SPME fiber - Sample stirring - Sample preparation - Time exposure - Extraction conditions - Desorption and fiber reconditioning - RESULTS : HS-SPME/GC-MS optimized method for VOV and SVOC determination - Analytical calibration and quantification - Table 1 : Relation between the incubation time and eluted area for DPGME isomers - Table 2 : Extraction time and eluted area for DPGME isomers - Table 3 : Extraction temperature and eluted area for DPGME isomers - Table 4 : Desorption temperature and eluted area for DPGME isomers - Table 5 : Desorption time and eluted area for DPGME isomers - Table 6 : Optimised conditions for the HS-SPME assay of polyurethane resins - Table 7 : Identification of VOC compounds from NV004 by HS-SPME/GC-MS - Table 8 : Calibration curves by external standard from the four target compounds - Table 9 : Concentration of the target compounds in the resin samples by HS-SPME/GC-MS DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i8.4362 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/19a2FgbbF0GGCcFeDZvxeHmaljBNBVe1f/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=36086 [article]

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Effect of temperature, relative humidity and UV radiation on wet-bright leather ageing / Anna Bacardit in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 101, N° 5 (09-10/2017)  

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Inter-laboratory study on hexavalent chromium determination in dyed skins / T. Rius in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVII, N° 7 (07/2002)  

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Low carbon products for the design of innovative leather processes. Part I : Determination of the optimal chemical modification of tara / Anna Bacardit in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVIII, N° 10 (10/2013)  

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Minimisation of volatile organics in a metallic foil patent finish for uppers and leather goods / Lluis Ollé in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 93, N° 3 (05-06/2009)  

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Reducing the use of volatile organic compounds in the leather industry / Rosa M. Cuadros in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 100, N° 1 (01-02/2016)  

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A simple test to determine the propensity of a fatliquor to trigger the formation of chromium (VI) in leather / Irene Compte in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVII, N° 11 (11/2022)  

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A simple test to determine the propensity of a sample of leather to the formation of chromium / Joaquim Font in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXIII, N° 2 (02/2018)  

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Study of aqueous patent leather finish with a pull-up effect / Anna Bacardit in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIV, N° 3 (03/2009)  

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Use of long-chain synthetic phenolic antioxidants to produce chromium-tanned leather without risk of hexavalent chromium formation / Irene Compte in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVIII, N° 10 (10/2023)  

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