| Titre : |
A study of freeze branding : influence of branding conditions on legibility and leather damage |
| Type de document : |
texte imprimé |
| Auteurs : |
A. L. Everett, Auteur ; N. W. Hooven, Auteur ; J. Naghski, Auteur ; Robert G. Koeppen, Auteur |
| Année de publication : |
1975 |
| Article en page(s) : |
p. 188-205 |
| Note générale : |
Bibliogr. |
| Langues : |
Américain (ame) |
| Catégories : |
Animaux -- Marquage
Azote
Cuirs et peaux -- Détérioration
|
| Index. décimale : |
675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure |
| Résumé : |
Traditional hot-iron branding of cattle produces large economic losses of leather, marginal legibility for ranchers, and excessive cruelty to animals. Substitution of irons chilled in a dry ice-alcohol mixture or liquid nitrogen produces permanent, white-haired brands that are relatively painless and show greatly improved legibility. Furthermore, when properly performed, freeze branding induces minimal scarring of hide tissue and therehy reduces the leather wastage produced hy conventional branding.
To provide further guidelines for improving the technique of freeze branding, a comprehensive, three-year test was performed on 23 dairy cattle and nine beef animals at three geographic locations. The two refrigerants mentioned above were compared in parallel on opposite sides of each animal to evaluate three other primary variables : age at branding, anatomical area, and exposure time. Legibility of each brand was scored after regrowth of hair. Cuttability (usability) of resultant leathers was judged mostly in corrected grain finish, but partially in full grain and in splits after close inspection of crusted sides. It was shown that exposure time, age at branding, and breed type are all critical variables. Although both refrigerants gave equally good legibility, liquid nitrogen (as used after clipping) produced many more bald brands and too much tissue damage for acceptability in leather. Cuttability of the dry-ice hrands ranged from about 25 percent in grain leather to over 50 percent in splits. |
| Note de contenu : |
- EXPERIMENTAL : Test design - Test cattle - Branding procedures - Legibility scores - Leather scores - Acceptable brands
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Brand legibility - Bald brands - Leather effects - Minor factors - Optimum branding conditions
- Table 1 : Controlled variables in freeze brand test
- Table 2 : Test cattle used at each location
- Table 3 : Influence of time and refrigerant on baldness and legibility of freeze brands on 22 dairy cattle |
| En ligne : |
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sbMCEUuTMHwhV0n-340pPke6ChSD05K0/view?usp=drive [...] |
| Format de la ressource électronique : |
Pdf |
| Permalink : |
https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=38786 |
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXX (Année 1975) . - p. 188-205
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