Application of power ultrasound in the fatliquoring process / Venkatasubramanian Sivakumar in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. C, N° 5 (05/2005)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. C, N° 5 (05/2005) . - p. 187-195 Titre : Application of power ultrasound in the fatliquoring process Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Venkatasubramanian Sivakumar, Auteur ; P. G. Rao, Auteur ; G. Swaminathan, Auteur Année de publication : 2005 Article en page(s) : p. 187-195 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Fatliquoring experiments have been carried out with ultrasound under stationary conditions and compared with the process in the absence of ultrasound under stationary as well as dynamic drumming condition. Type of fatliquors such as vegetable, semi synthetic and synthetic fatliquors have been studied. Variation in process parameters like ultrasonic output power, amount of fatliquor, and temperature have also been studied. The results show improvement about 2.5, 1.8, 1.5 times in the fat uptake in leather due to ultrasound for vegetable, semi synthetic and synthetic based fatliquors respectively. The observed order of improvement, vegetable > synthetic fatliquor is in agreement with the hindrance generally expected for fatliquors during penetration as indicated by emulsion particle size and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) data. Therefore, ultrasound is useful for more difficult fatliquoring conditions. The results also indicate that ultrasound under stationary conditions is comparable or better than dynamic drumming conditions. The effects of ultrasound due to pre-sonication and on the viscosity of the fatliquor have also been studied. Leather fiber stricture has been analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and found to be more regular and improved by ultrasound aided processing. The studies indicate ultrasound promotes effective emulsification of the fatliquor in water systems rendering better penetration and more uniform distribution through the leather matrix. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1m_KAS6enFsf1LaFgGKXa8k_DP2hl_vJy/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4066 [article]

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Beamhouse and tanning operations : process chemistry revisited / T. Ramasami in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 83, N° 1 (01-02/1999)

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 83, N° 1 (01-02/1999) . - p. 39-45 Titre : Beamhouse and tanning operations : process chemistry revisited Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : T. Ramasami, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Chandra Babu Narasimhan Kannan, Auteur ; K. Parthasarathi, Auteur ; P. G. Rao, Auteur ; P. Saravanan, Auteur ; R. Gayathri, Auteur ; Kalarical Janardhanan Sreeram, Auteur Année de publication : 1999 Article en page(s) : p. 39-45 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Leather processing technologies are under critical review in recent times. Traditional methods in leather processing have involved the use of large amounts of water and chemical inputs. The general practice in tanneries has involved the use of nearly 35-40 litres of water per kilogram of leather processed. Processes have not been audited for utilisation of chemical inputs. In some cases, the utilisation levels of chemicals employed fall in the ranges of 40-75 % . Such non-optimum use of chemical and water input has led to problems in both cost effectiveness due to material loss and pollution from unused chemicals. It has become essential that the beamhouse and tanning processes are audited for their environmental loads. Whereas there is sufficient awareness in leather processing industries regarding the costs of compliance with national environmental regulatory norms, the potential benefits of cleaner production technologies with respect to cost saving are not fully understood. Further, with increasing inventory costs, audit of beamhouse and tanning processes is becoming crucial. Process time in leather making operations is influenced by several physico-chemical parameters. One of the major factors influencing process time of beamhouse and tanning operations in leather processing is the duration needed for diffusion of materials. A re-visit to the chemistry of beamhouse and tanning operations at this critical juncture is worthwhile. An attempt has been made in this work to critically review the process chemistry and discuss possible improvement options. Some case studies are presented in this work where reduction of BOD and COD levels by 30-40 %, Total Dissolved Solids by 25-35 %, sulphide by 50-60 % and chromium by 98-99 % has been achieved under real field conditions through improved beamhouse and tanning operations. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=7856 [article]

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Diffusion rate enhancement in leather dyeing with power ultrasound / Venkatasubramanian Sivakumar in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVIII, N° 6 (06/2003)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCVIII, N° 6 (06/2003) . - p. 230-273 Titre : Diffusion rate enhancement in leather dyeing with power ultrasound Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Venkatasubramanian Sivakumar, Auteur ; P. G. Rao, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : p. 230-273 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Use of power ultrasound as a non-polluting method for accelerating/performing chemical as well as physical processes is gaining importance. The effect of power ultrasound in the dyeing of full chrome cow crust leather is compared with dyeing in the absence of ultrasound as a control experiment both in a stationary as well as conventional drumming condition. Ultrasonic probe (20 kHz, 0-400 W) was used for the experiments. Experiments were carried out with Acid red dye. The effect of ultrasonic output power has been studied and optimized. The influence of non-ionic surfactant or air bubbles in dye bath for ultrasonic assisted dyeing has been studied and found to be beneficial. The effect of ultrasonic pulse mode to get more benefits has also been studied. The diffusion coefficient has been calculated for dyeing with and without ultrasound and about 14 times improvement has been obtained from 80 W of ultrasound. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vCyssZwF-5FgptfXlTrM9Vr_VgLkmOwF/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4141 [article]

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Disintegration of tannery sludge by acoustic cavitation-an approach for sludge management / C. L. Rai in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCIX, N° 11 (11/2004)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCIX, N° 11 (11/2004) . - p. 457-460 Titre : Disintegration of tannery sludge by acoustic cavitation-an approach for sludge management Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : C. L. Rai, Auteur ; A. Sivasamy, Auteur ; P. G. Rao, Auteur Année de publication : 2004 Article en page(s) : p. 457-460 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The sludge biomass, composed largely of organic matter 60-90%(W/V), is contained within the cell wall membranes of microbial cells. It was found that the pressure pulses produced by an ultrasonic homogeniser significantlyinfluenced the degree of disintegration of the cells containing the waste. The mechanical sludge disintegration was investigated with an ultrasonic homogeniser operated at a frequency of 20 kHz with different energy intensities. The influence of sludge solids content on the disintegration of the sludge also was investigated. It was found that the influence of mechanical disintegration on particle size cannot fully describe the release of organic material into the sludge water. The release of organic material into the sludge water can best be estimated by the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and by protein release. The degree of disintegration, as indicated by COD and protein release, increased significantly when the energy intensity applied with the ultrasonic homogenizer was increased. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/15gr3iGJwJ65bdaytl-9ZImxPrz99hbVD/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4227 [article]

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Lime handling system for a modern tannery / B. V. Ramabrahmam in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 80, N° 4 (07-08/1996)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 80, N° 4 (07-08/1996) . - p. 123-125 Titre : Lime handling system for a modern tannery Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : B. V. Ramabrahmam, Auteur ; P. G. Rao, Auteur ; K. Parthasarathy, Auteur ; K. V. Raghavan, Auteur Année de publication : 1996 Article en page(s) : p. 123-125 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Beam house operations in a large tannery involve handling large quantities of lime in powder form. Ever increasingly stringent environmental regulations, emphasize the need for minimization and cleaner use of lime. The advantages and disadvantages of using lime in powder form and slurry form are discussed. A process for using lime in slurry form and the economics of adopting a lime slurry plant in a tannery are presented. This system has been commercially implemented and is giving encouraging results. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/11Fn0H4GPqC5xdc4qdlBQBMvucMh4f6UF/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=8127 [article]

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Use of seawater in leather processing / N. Vedaraman in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVIII, N° 9 (09/2003)  

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Use of ultrasound in soaking for improved efficiency / Venkatasubramanian Sivakumar in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 88, N° 6 (11-12/2004)  

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