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Adapting epicutaneous patch testing protocols to assess immediate-type skin reactions / Annette Mehling in INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Vol. 42, N° 4 (08/2020)
[article]
Titre : Adapting epicutaneous patch testing protocols to assess immediate-type skin reactions Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Annette Mehling, Auteur ; S. Benard, Auteur ; N. Braun, Auteur ; Joachim Degwert, Auteur ; M. Duttine, Auteur ; Claudia Jassoy, Auteur ; H. Merk, Auteur ; U. Rossow, Auteur ; Jessica Welzel, Auteur ; W. Wigger-Alberti, Auteur ; Klaus-Peter Wilhelm, Auteur ; J. Ennen, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 328-335 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Dermatite de contact
Emulsions -- Emploi en cosmétologie
Patchs cosmétiques
Peau -- Physiologie
Produits de beauté
Tests de compatibilité
Tests de sécurité
UrticaireL’urticaire est une maladie inflammatoire de la peau qui se traduit par des épisodes de plaques rouges et de démangeaisons sur la peau. Ces épisodes sont des poussées ou des « éruptions cutanées ».
Au cours de chaque éruption, les plaques sont rouges ou rosées, arrondies, en relief (« papules ») et bien limitées. Elles sont souvent associées à des démangeaisons (« prurit »), comme après une brûlure d’orties. Les lésions d'urticaire ont pour caractéristiques de changer de place au fil des heures en dessinant des cercles ou des arabesques rouges sur la peau.
L’éruption touche généralement la surface de la peau, mais elle peut parfois s’étendre en profondeur ou gagner le revêtement des orifices du visage : les muqueuses. Les lésions prennent alors un aspect particulier, devenant plus boursouflées ou œdémateuses alors que les rougeurs sont moins importantes. On parle alors « d’œdème de Quincke » ou « d’angio-œdème ». Cette forme d’urticaire siège principalement sur le visage : paupières, lèvres, bouche et gorge (luette et pharynx). Quand l’urticaire touche la gorge, le risque est que l’œdème et son gonflement entraînent une gène à la respiration.
La réaction de la peau (ou des muqueuses) est provoquée par l’activation de cellules immunitaires qui sont normalement présentes au niveau des couches superficielles de la peau : les « mastocytes ». Lorsque les mastocytes sont au repos, la peau est normale, mais lorsqu'ils sont activés par certains facteurs, ils vont libérer des substances, et en particulier l'histamine, substances qui vont déclencher la crise d’urticaire.Index. décimale : 668.5 Parfums et cosmétiques Résumé : - Objective : During the development of cosmetic formulations, in vitro and in vivo methods are essential tools used to reliably assess the skin irritation potential of a product or ingredient. Epicutaneous patch testing (single and/or multiple application protocols) has long been used as an initial in vivo method to screen for possible skin irritation properties of a substance or formulation. To confirm the mildness and dermatological and/or consumer acceptance of a product, use tests are often subsequently conducted. A study was therefore initiated to see how well patch test results correlate with use tests with respect to irritation elicited by skincare (leave-on) products.
- Methods/results : A number of different cosmetic formulations were assessed in both tests. Although the patch test results did not indicate substantial irritation potentials, immediate-type reactions (stinging and redness) were observed in some volunteers which disappeared within approx. 1 h. Although transient, these reactions suggested that consumer acceptance would probably be low and the studies were discontinued. Immediate-type reactions are rare but have been described for some substances used in cosmetics. These unexpected results were nevertheless intriguing and prompted the start of a journey to see if patch test protocols could be modified to assess these reactions. An occlusive short-term patch test protocol with an application period of 20 min was developed. Successful identification of the spontaneous reactions became possible. Furthermore, there was a correlation between the intensity of reactions observed in the short-term patch test and those observed in the controlled in-use studies. Short-term patch testing using the developed protocol can therefore reliably be used as a screening method, for example in the development and optimization of cosmetic formulations containing ingredients that could cause spontaneous reactions, for instance of non-immunological contact urticaria type.
- Conclusion : The lessons learned from this studies indicate that simple modifications of existing test protocols can lead to important insights into skin reactions. These modifications can then be used to create further building blocks in the development and optimization of test strategies for cosmetic formulations which offer reliable study designs for possible reactions product developers may encounter.Note de contenu : - MATERIALS
- METHODS : Ethics and general design - Test subjects - Single application epicutaneous 24-h patch test (Single EPI 24 h) and multiple application epicutaneous patch test (Multiple EPI) - Short-term in-use study (Short-term USE) and long-term in-use study (Long-term USE) - Short-term epicutaneous patch test (Short-term EPI 20 min) - Data analysis
- RESULTS : Determination of the skin irritation potential in the Single EPI 24 h and Multiple EPI - Determination of the skin compatibility in the Short-term USE test - Short-term EPI: Alternative to Single EPI 24 h and Multiple EPI ? - Skin irritation results with a formulation containing a higher concentration of the suspected urticant - Results of epicutaneous patch test versus long-term USE - Importance for interpretation
- Table 1. Irritation grading scale
- Table 2. Sex, age and skin type distribution of test subjects
- Table 3. Mean intensity scores after patch test removal or after short‐term exposure under use conditions
- Table 4. Statistical analysis of reaction rates between the different skin compatibility tests
- Table 5. Summary of study results based on percentage of reactions
DOI : https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12619 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SAHLFHiuh-hYvwdJpeysUvXdeCJYfPlT/view?usp=shari [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=35284
in INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE > Vol. 42, N° 4 (08/2020) . - p. 328-335[article]Exemplaires
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité aucun exemplaire Microbiological requirements for water used in cosmetics production / Ulrich Eigener in SOFW JOURNAL, Vol. 150, N° 5 (05/2024)
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Titre : Microbiological requirements for water used in cosmetics production : Part 1 : Purity requirements and water system Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ulrich Eigener, Auteur ; L. Maksym, Auteur ; Joelle Nussbaum, Auteur ; M. Pflock, Auteur ; U. Rossow, Auteur ; Rainer Simmering, Auteur Année de publication : 2024 Article en page(s) : p. 32-38 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Caractérisation
Eau -- Epuration -- Traitement biologique
Eau -- Qualité
MicrobiologieIndex. décimale : 668.5 Parfums et cosmétiques Résumé : Part 1 describes the types of water that are generally available and how they are to be characterised from a chemical and microbiological point of view. For use in the production of cosmetic products (water as a raw material and water for cleaning purposes), certain microbiological quality requirements must be specified for the water. This is usually done by assigning microbiological purity requirements. These include, on the one hand, limiting the total viable count (TVC) (drinking water limits are usually used as a minimum standard) and, on the other hand, excluding certain specified microorganisms. In order to provide water of the desired quality, a suitable treatment system is required. The system must be designed to provide sufficient antimicrobial treatment of the water (there are various methods available). In addition, the water must be kept in constant circulation to prevent the accumulation of microorganisms (avoidance of biofilm!). Note de contenu : - 1. THE TYPES OF WATER AND THE REQUIREMENTS FOR MICROBIOLOGICAL PURITY : Types of water - Requirements for water used in the production of cosmetics
- 2. CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF THE WATER SYSTEM : General requirements - Important system elements for microbiological water quality - Recommendation for the structure of the water supply system
- Table 1 : Characterization and quality of some types of water
- Table 2 : Microbiological quality requirements for water : limit values
- Table 3 : Commonly used methods of antimicrobial water treatmentPermalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=41209
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 24659 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Microbiological requirements for water used in cosmetics production / Ulrich Eigener in SOFW JOURNAL, Vol. 150, N° 6 (06/2024)
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Titre : Microbiological requirements for water used in cosmetics production : Part 2 : Sampling and control analyses Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ulrich Eigener, Auteur ; L. Maksym, Auteur ; Joelle Nussbaum, Auteur ; M. Pflock, Auteur ; U. Rossow, Auteur ; Rainer Simmering, Auteur Année de publication : 2024 Article en page(s) : p. 46-49 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Eau -- Analyse
Eau -- Qualité
Echantillonnage
Ingrédients cosmétiques
Microbiologie
Qualité -- ContrôleIndex. décimale : 668.5 Parfums et cosmétiques Résumé : Part 2 outlines how water used as a raw material or for cleaning purposes in the manufacture of cosmetic products should be tested in microbiological control studies to ensure that it meets the microbiological quality requirements. For this purpose, samples must be taken from the water treatment system. Samples should be taken according to a defined sampling plan, based on the history of results in terms of number of samples and sampling frequency, at different points in the plant. Sampling points must allow adequate sampling. Sample quantities should be sufficient for the chosen method of analysis. Requirements for transport and storage of samples must be fulfilled. Samples must be analysed by specified appropriate methods, e.g. based on the methods of the Drinking Water Ordinance (German). The methods should be selected in such a way that it is possible to determine the number of bacteria (quantitative) and also to identify the species of microorganisms found (qualitative) and to evaluate the results with regard to the quality requirements. Note de contenu : - 1. Sampling - sampling plan, sampling, transport and storage of samples : Sampling plan - Sample collection - Transport and storage
- 2. Water testing - parameters and methods : Detection of specific microorganisms
- Table 1 : Determination of the total bacterial count of water
- Table 2 : Examples of specified microorganisms in water testingEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PGCTr3ZhbD28hcDTDnTKKWXdCBjGtjLy/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=41229
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 24712 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Microbiological requirements for water used in cosmetics production / Ulrich Eigener in SOFW JOURNAL, Vol. 150, N° 7-8 (07-08/2024)
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Titre : Microbiological requirements for water used in cosmetics production : Part 3 : Error prevention and countermeasures in the event of error detection Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ulrich Eigener, Auteur ; L. Maksym, Auteur ; Joelle Nussbaum, Auteur ; M. Pflock, Auteur ; U. Rossow, Auteur ; Rainer Simmering, Auteur Année de publication : 2024 Article en page(s) : p. 38-42 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Analyse des défaillances (fiabilité)
Cosmétiques
Cosmétiques -- Aspect sanitaire
Désinfection
Eau -- Qualité
Ingrédients cosmétiques
Microbiologie
ProductionIndex. décimale : 668.5 Parfums et cosmétiques Résumé : Part 3 focuses on common failures related to the provision of water (as a raw material and for cleaning) for the manufacture of cosmetic products, which may pose risks to the microbiological quality and safety of cosmetic products. There are several areas of the water treatment process where such failures may occur. They can be technical system failures - particularly failures in the efficacy of antimicrobial system elements. But they may also result from inadequate adherence to specifications for procedures, implementation of measures (e.g. disinfection, maintenance) and control testing (sampling, methods). In order to avoid errors, it is essential that all processes, measures and equipment are properly defined and monitored. Detection of defects and errors requires immediate root cause analysis, risk assessment and appropriate corrective actions. Water treatment and use processes should be integrated into the microbiological quality management (MQM) system to ensure compliance with specifications and process definitions, error detection and corrective actions. Note de contenu : - ERROR DETECTION AND RISK ASSESSMENT : Physico-chemical andm icrobiological process water treatment - Circulation
- DISINFECTION MEASURES OF THE PROCESS WATER SYSTEM
- CHANGE CONTROL
- Table 1 : Malfunctions of the water system and risk assessmentEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sIYcMqV8k4m2ZERUyQpCfZ5_H9AMPMtH/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=41331
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