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Accelerated weathering performance of wood-plastic composites reinforced with carbon and glass fibre-woven fabrics / Sefa Durmaz in COLORATION TECHNOLOGY, Vol. 138, N° 1 (02/2022)
[article]
Titre : Accelerated weathering performance of wood-plastic composites reinforced with carbon and glass fibre-woven fabrics Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sefa Durmaz, Auteur ; Yusuf Ziya Erdil, Auteur ; Özlem Özgenç, Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : p. 71-81 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Colorimétrie
Composites à fibres
Composites à fibres végétales
Essais accélérés (technologie)
Essais dynamiques
Fibres de carbone
Fibres de verre
Flexion (mécanique)
Polyéthylène greffé anhydride maléique
Polyéthylène haute densité
Réaction de couplage
Résistance aux conditions climatiquesIndex. décimale : 668.4 Plastiques, vinyles Résumé : Wood-plastic composites (WPCs) are new generation materials widely used in outdoor conditions; however, the appearance and mechanical properties of WPCs change with exposure to weather. In this study, high-density polyethylene-based flat-pressed WPCs are reinforced with carbon and glass fibre-woven fabrics for uses where high mechanical properties are needed in outdoor conditions. For this purpose, WPCs are exposed to accelerated weathering conditions to determine the effect of weathering with and without reinforcement. The results show that, after weathering, colour changes are inevitable for WPCs. Attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform-infrared analysis reveals the changes in the matrix's chemical structure, illustrating the alterations in WPC surface characteristics. The mechanical properties of WPCs decrease as a result of photodegradation. However, the reinforced WPCs have higher mechanical properties than the control samples, despite extensive degradation. Carbon fibre (200 g/m2) achieved the greatest flexural strength and modulus of elasticity, 150% and 122% higher, respectively, than unreinforced WPCs. Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that, despite the intensive photodegradation on the surface, the integration of the matrix and woven fabrics was still strong. The surface erosion was observed with light microscopy. The visual appearance also exhibited some changes that occurred on the surface of WPCs. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Materials - Composite processing - Accelerated UV weathering test - Colour measurement - ATR–FTIR spectroscopy analysis - Flexural testing and
modulus of elasticity - Microscopic analysis
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Colour change - ATR–FTIR spectroscopy analysis - Flexural properties and MOE - Visual appearance - Microscopic images
- Table 1 : Changes in the wood index after weathering
- Table 2 : Changes in the flexural properties of wood-plastic composites after weatheringDOI : https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12572 En ligne : https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cote.12572 Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=37500
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 23517 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Enhancing weathering durability of pre-protected and unprotected wood by using bark extracts as natural UV absorbers in waterborne acrylic coating / Özlem Özgenç in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 19, N° 1 (01/2022)
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Titre : Enhancing weathering durability of pre-protected and unprotected wood by using bark extracts as natural UV absorbers in waterborne acrylic coating Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Özlem Özgenç, Auteur ; Ebru Bilici, Auteur ; Sefa Durmaz, Auteur ; Cevdet Sögütlü, Auteur ; Serkan Emik, Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : p. 303–321 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Absorbeurs de rayonnement ultraviolet
Adhésion
Bois -- Revêtements protecteurs
Caractérisation
Colorimétrie
Ecorces
Essais accélérés (technologie)
Extraits de plantes
Polyacryliques
Résistance aux conditions climatiques
Revêtements -- Analyse
Revêtements en phase aqueuse
Revêtements organiquesIndex. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : One of the crucial problems for wooden garden furniture is fading with the effect of UV rays. The color changes as a result of weathering have affected the usage of furniture. In this study, waterborne acrylic coatings containing bark extracts were evaluated as an environment-friendly wood surface preservative to improve the service life of wood in outdoor conditions. For this purpose, waterborne acrylic coatings were produced using extracts from the bark of 10 tree species applied on two different wood surfaces (scots pine and beech). The natural weathering test was conducted to determine the changes in the physical, mechanical and chemical structures of the coatings and wooden surfaces. It was observed that the color changes and surface roughness values were similar to the control samples for the heat-treated wood while they were the lowest for the impregnated scots pine. The color change of the test coatings applied on the unprotected scots pine surfaces provided similar results to the control coatings. The ATR-FTIR spectroscopy analysis revealed changes in the chemical structure, which explained why color changes occurred. The pre-protection methods affected the penetration of coatings and adhesion strength. The differences in the chemical structure of barks also influenced the viscosity of the coatings. After the weathering test, the change in the dry film thickness and adhesion strength of the acrylic coatings containing bark extract was similar to the control coatings for the heat-treated wood. The change in the adhesion strength values in the test coatings on the pine surfaces was similar to the control coatings. The macroscopic evaluation also showed the effectiveness of the bark extracts against weathering conditions. It is thought that it may be possible to use tree bark extracts with high UV absorbability instead of commercial UV absorbers in waterborne acrylic coatings used in outdoor conditions. Note de contenu : - MATERIAL AND METHOD : Wood and bark samples - Pre-protection methods - Bark extraction and coating system process - Coating system process - Chemical analysis of coating systems - Natural weathering test - Color measurement - Adhesion strength test
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : UV–Vis spectroscopy analysis and liquid ATR-FTIR of test and control coatings - Color change in natural weathering conditions - ATR-FTIR spectroscopy analysis - Surface roughness change and macroscopic evaluation in natural weathering conditions - Change in dry film thickness - Change in adhesion strength
- Table 1: Impregnation retention and heat treatment weight loss values of wood samples
- Table 2 : Total phenol content and antioxidant activity of tree bark extracts (BE)
- Table 3 : Acrylic resin types for wood coating systems
- Table 4 : The viscosity values of test and control waterborne acrylic coatings
- Table 5 : Some characteristic IR bands of functional groups in all coatings on the pre-protected and unprotected wood pine surfaces
- Table 6 : Relative changes in the characteristic peak bands’ high ratio for FTIR analysis
- Table 7 : Macroscopic evaluation scoring of test and control coatings on the wood surfaces after weathering testDOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-021-00528-3 En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11998-021-00528-3.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=37160
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 23313 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Evaluation of the weathering resistance of waterborne acrylic- and alkyd-based coatings containing HALS, UV absorber, and bark extracts on wood surfaces / Özlem Özgenç in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 17, N° 2 (03/2020)
[article]
Titre : Evaluation of the weathering resistance of waterborne acrylic- and alkyd-based coatings containing HALS, UV absorber, and bark extracts on wood surfaces Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Özlem Özgenç, Auteur ; Sefa Durmaz, Auteur ; Selin Sahin, Auteur ; Ismail H. Boyaci, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 461-475 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Analyse spectrale
Antioxydants
Chimie analytique
Colorimétrie
Ecorces
Essais accélérés (technologie)
Extraction (chimie)
Polyacryliques
Polyalkydes
PolyphénolsLes polyphénols constituent une famille de molécules organiques largement présente dans le règne végétal. Ils sont caractérisés, comme l’indique le nom, par la présence d'au moins deux groupes phénoliques associés en structures plus ou moins complexes, généralement de haut poids moléculaire. Ces composés sont les produits du métabolisme secondaire des plantes.
Les polyphénols prennent une importance croissante, notamment grâce à leurs effets bénéfiques sur la santé. En effet, leur rôle d’antioxydants naturels suscite de plus en plus d'intérêt pour la prévention et le traitement du cancer, des maladies inflammatoires, cardiovasculaires et neurodégénératives. Ils sont également utilisés comme additifs pour les industries agroalimentaire, pharmaceutique et cosmétique
"Ils ont tous en commun la présence d'un ou plusieurs cycles benzéniques portant une ou plusieurs fonctions hydroxyles". La désignation "polyphénols" est consacrée par l'usage et, alors qu'elle ne devrait concerner que les molécules portant plusieurs fonctions hydroxyle phénolique, elle est habituellement utilisée pour l'ensemble de ces composés.
Les polyphénols naturels regroupent donc un vaste ensemble de substances chimiques comprenant au moins un noyau aromatique, portant un ou plusieurs groupes hydroxyle, en plus d’autres constituants. Il y a quatre principales familles de composés phénoliques : les acides phénoliques (catéchol, acide gallique, acide protocatéchique), les flavones, l'acide chlorogénique et les quinones. Ils peuvent aller de molécules simples, comme les acides phénoliques, à des composés hautement polymérisés, de plus de trente mille daltons, comme les tanins (acide tannique).
Les polyphénols sont communément subdivisés en phénols simples, acides phénoliques et coumarines, en naphtoquinones, en stilbénoïdes (deux cycles en C6 liés par deux atomes de carbone), en flavonoïdes, isoflavonoïdes et anthocyanes, et en formes polymérisées : lignanes, lignines, tanins condensés. Ces squelettes carbonés de base sont issus du métabolisme secondaire des plantes, élaborés par la voie du shikimate.
Les polyphénols sont présents dans diverses substances naturelles : sous forme d'anthocyanine dans les fruits rouges, le vin rouge (en relation avec les tanins, phénomène du "paradoxe français"), sous forme de proanthocyanidines dans le chocolat et le vin, d'acides caféoylquinique et féruloylquinique dans le café, de flavonoïdes dans les agrumes, et sous forme de catéchines comme le gallate d'épigallocatéchine dans le thé vert, de quercétine dans les pommes, les oignons, le vin rouge, etc.
D'après une étude réalisée avec des volontaires via Internet, les sources alimentaires de polyphénols sont principalement le café (36,9 %), le thé — vert ou noir — (33,6 %), le chocolat pour son cacao (10,4 %), le vin rouge (7,2 %) et les fruits (6,7 %)18. Parmi les fruits, les polyphénols, très présents dans toutes les pommes, sont encore plus concentrés dans les pommes à cidre (riches en tanin), qui peuvent en contenir jusqu'à quatre fois plus : c'est une biodiversité qui se manifeste en richesse aussi bien qualitativement que quantitativement en polyphénols. (Wikipedia)
Revêtements en phase aqueuse
Rugosité
StatistiqueIndex. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : In this study, tree bark extracts were assessed as functional additives to provide protection in waterborne acrylic- and alkyd-based coatings. Tree bark extracts acted as natural photostabilizers and inhibited UV degradation with high UV absorption capacity. The coating systems comprising bark extracts were compared to the control coating groups comprising ultraviolet light absorbers (UVA) of the hydroxyphenyl-s-triazine (HPT) for acrylic and nonbasic amino ether (NOR) hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) for alkyd. Scots pine surfaces coated with acrylic and alkyd coatings were exposed to artificial weathering for 2016 h. Three different trees (maritime pine, alder and Calabrian pine) with high antioxidant activity and phenol content were used for this purpose. The chemical structure of acrylic and alkyd coating systems was also examined using ATR–FTIR spectroscopy. The weathering resistance of coating systems containing extracts was evaluated in terms of their color changes and surface roughness through macroscopic evaluation, and they were compared to commercial UV absorber. The lowest color change was observed in the alkyd-based coatings with the bark extract. For the alkyd coatings, the color change (∆E) in the control samples was 24.85, whereas it was found to be 4.68, 5.92 and 7.80 in the test samples containing Calabrian pine, maritime pine and alder bark, respectively. However, color stabilization of the acrylic coatings with UV absorber was found to be much better than the acrylic coatings with extracts. The alkyd coating systems with extracts did not exhibit the same performance for surface roughness. The alkyd coating with the UV absorber provided a smoother surface than that with bark extracts. The acrylic coatings with alder and maritime extracts provided the best results. Acrylic coating may be compatible with (Calabrian) bark extracts. According to the obtained results, it was seen that tree bark extracts in wood coating systems have a potential to substitute commercial UV absorbers as a natural product. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Wood and bark samples - Bark extraction and coating system process - Total polyphenols analysis, antioxidant activity, and UV-Vis spectroscopy - Application and preparation of coating systems - Chemical analysis of coating systems - Artificial weathering test - Color measurement - Surface roughness measurement and macroscopic evaluations - Statistical analysis
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Total polyphenols analysis, antioxidant activity, and UV spectroscopy - Chemical characterization of coating systems by using ATR-FTIR spectrometry
- COLOR CHANGE
- SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND MACROSCOPIC EVALUATIONSDOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-019-00293-4 En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11998-019-00293-4.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33996
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 21658 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible The effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the weathering performance of wood-plastic composites / Sefa Durmaz in COLORATION TECHNOLOGY, Vol. 139, N° 4 (08/2023)
[article]
Titre : The effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the weathering performance of wood-plastic composites Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sefa Durmaz, Auteur ; Ozlem Ozgenc Keles, Auteur ; Ugur Aras, Auteur ; Yusuf Ziya Erdil, Auteur ; Fatih Mengeloglu, Auteur Année de publication : 2023 Article en page(s) : 430-440 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Absorbeurs de rayonnement ultraviolet
Analyse spectrale
Colorimétrie
Composites à fibres -- Additifs
Composites à fibres -- Détérioration
Composites à fibres végétales
Composites à fibres végétales -- Propriétés mécaniques
Composites à matrice organique
Essais accélérés (technologie)
Microscopie
Nanoparticules
Oxyde de zinc
Réflexion totale atténuée
Résistance au rayonnement ultraviolet
Solidité de la couleur
StatistiqueIndex. décimale : 667.3 Teinture et impression des tissus Résumé : In recent years, wood-plastic composites (WPCs) have become among the most popular engineering materials. Most of their usage areas are outdoors, where they encounter various damaging factors. The weathering conditions cause significant deterioration to WPC surfaces, which negatively influences their service life. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles at different concentrations (1%, 3%, 5%, 10%) were added to a high-density polyethylene-based WPC matrix. The effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the weathering performance of WPC was evaluated after 840 hours of an artificial weathering test. The highest colour changes (∆E*) were monitored with control samples exposed for 840 hours. Adding zinc oxide nanoparticles improved the ultraviolet (UV) resistance and decreased the colour changes. The wood flour content also affected the colour changes on the WPC surface. A combination of 10% zinc oxide nanoparticles and 50% wood flour content provided the lowest colour changes. The barrier effect of nanoparticles protected the WPC surfaces from UV light. Zinc oxide nanoparticles also positively affected the load transfer, which restricted the reduction in mechanical properties after the weathering test. The degradation on the surface of WPCs was also investigated using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier Transform–infrared analysis. The changes in the characteristic bands of polymer and wood indicated that surface degradation was inevitable. Light and scanning electron microscopy images also demonstrated micro-cracks and roughness on the surface of WPCs. It is concluded that UV degradation is unavoidable, but zinc oxide nanoparticles can improve surface resistance against weathering conditions. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials - WPC production - Accelerated UV weathering test - Colour measurement - ATR-FTIR spectroscopy analysis - Mechanical properties - Microscopic analysis - Statistical analysis
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Mechanical properties - Colour changes - ATR-FTIR spectroscopy analysis - Light microscopy analysis - Scanning electron microscopy analysis
- Table 1 : The wood flour, polymer and nanoparticle content
- Table 2 : The mechanical properties of WPCsDOI : https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12666 En ligne : https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cote.12666 Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39680
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 24152 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible