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Fungal biotransformation of bovine hair : Assessment of structural changes / B. C. Galarza in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 91, N° 6 (11-12/2007)
[article]
Titre : Fungal biotransformation of bovine hair : Assessment of structural changes Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : B. C. Galarza, Auteur ; Maria Laura Garro, Auteur ; Ivana Alejandra Cavello, Auteur ; M. C. Cazau, Auteur ; R. A. Hours, Auteur ; Carlos S. Cantera, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p. 229-232 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Champignons microscopiques
Déchets industriels -- Recyclage
Déchets organiques -- Recyclage
Enzymes protéolytiquesUne enzyme protéolytique est une enzyme capable de couper une protéine en plusieurs fragments ou peptides. La trypsine, la papaïne, la pepsine, la chymotrypsine, la plasmine, la subtilisine... sont capables de couper une protéine, chaque enzyme étant spécifique de certains sites particuliers de cette protéine. C'est ainsi, par exemple, qu'une immunoglobuline G est découpée par la papaïne en un fragment Fc et deux fragments Fab, comme l'a montré Porter en 1959.
Poils -- BiodégradationIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The hair-saving unhairing process generates another solid waste in the beamhouse area, regardless of the process used. Changes in unhairing technology have altered the problem of the high organic load and suspended solids of the beamhouse liquid effluent into a new problem : the disposal of the concentrated hair waste.
Given that daily generation of ‘hair waste’ is considerable (approx. 2.5 tons per 1000 salted bovine hides processed) and that this waste can be considered as a raw material due to its physical and chemical properties, it is interesting to orientate our activities towards the investigation and development of technological alternatives to facilitate adding value.
A typical analysis of the ‘hair waste’ after a hair saving unhairing process is within the following ranges.
Total solids: 25-30%, total nitrogen: 11-15%, Ca++: 2-3%, Na+: 1-2%, S: 3-5%, (% moisture-free basis), sulphides :
80-100mgH2S/kg of recovered wet hair (filtered and drained, moisture 75%).
The relevant organic component of the hair is the fibrous keratin protein which is very resistant to hydrolysis by chemical-physical and biological methods. Keratin has high stability as a consequence of the disulphide bridges of cysteine amino acid between adjacent protein chains.
Biodegradation of hair by fungi is among the relevant alternatives to add value to ‘hair waste’. Using the waste as a solid substrate for fungal growth, a higher bioavailability is achieved for further use in agricultural technology for example. Moreover, this process offers the attractive concept of ‘feedback’, because biodegradation generates an enzymatic extract with potential applications in leather technology.Note de contenu : - OBJECTIVES
- MATERIALS AND METHODS : Isolation of fungus with keratinolytic activity
- RESULTS : Sample observation by Scanning Electron Microscopy
- Table 1 : Specific enzymatic activity of the extract on different substrates, protein concentration and the final content of biomass of the culture
- Table 2 : Comparison of the proteolytic activity of the fungal extract and commercial preparationsEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kLrOXHodiSIj0FUc8-yaNSHmcO5haDJu/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39003
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 91, N° 6 (11-12/2007) . - p. 229-232[article]Exemplaires
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité aucun exemplaire Fungal biotransformation of bovine hair : Part 1 - Isolation of fungus with keratinolytic activity / B. C. Galarza in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 88, N° 3 (05-06/2004)
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Titre : Fungal biotransformation of bovine hair : Part 1 - Isolation of fungus with keratinolytic activity Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : B. C. Galarza, Auteur ; L. M. Goya, Auteur ; Carlos S. Cantera, Auteur ; Maria Laura Garro, Auteur ; H. E. Reinos, Auteur ; Laura M. I. Lopez, Auteur Année de publication : 2004 Article en page(s) : p. 93-98 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Bovins
Détérioration fongique
Poils -- BiodégradationIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The present study reports on the results of the “fungal biodegradation” of “hair waste” in a static solid medium using previously isolated strains of Trichophyton ajelloi and Fusarium oxysporum. The main purpose of the research programme is to upgrade the hair by biodegradation, to consider it as a raw material instead of the current modality of “throwing away” proteins to landfill and to its reuse in agricultural technology, directly or after composting and applying earthworms to generate an organic fertilizer (“vermicompost”).
The fungal activity on the hair gives a degraded organic material and an extract with a pool of proteases with, amongst others, keratinolytic activity,. The enzyme activities expressed by the fungal extract are evaluated against soluble, insoluble, synthetic, and skin protein component substrates. Relationships between the different specific activities are defined to evaluate and predict the possible behaviour of the fungal extracts in the beamhouse processes.Note de contenu : - Solid state culture
- Objectives
- Experimental Development : Materials and Methods - Protocol of the analysis for activity assessment
- Results and Discussion : Assessment of enzymatic activities of crude extracts - Aminopeptidase Activity. Determination of kinetic constants - Assessment of the degree of hair digestion - Protein profile and Isoelectric Focusing (IEF) - Zymogram - Comments on mechanisms of fungal digestion of hair - Fungal extracts in the soaking, unhairing and bating processes. Possible applications
- Table 1 : Proteolytic activity of the fungal extracts of the different substrates
- Table 2 : Activity Relationships for Trichophyton ajelloi and Fusarium oxysporum fungal extractsEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Mrbx0x1BGf1ZNG_jsl1LMyTL1SX9KH-J/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39634
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 88, N° 3 (05-06/2004) . - p. 93-98[article]Exemplaires
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité aucun exemplaire Hair saving unhairing process. Annex to part 5 (figures) - Characterisation of enzymatic preparations applied in soaking and unhairing processes / Carlos S. Cantera in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 87, N° 3 (05-06/2003)
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Titre : Hair saving unhairing process. Annex to part 5 (figures) - Characterisation of enzymatic preparations applied in soaking and unhairing processes Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Carlos S. Cantera, Auteur ; L. Goya, Auteur ; Betina Galarza, Auteur ; Maria Laura Garro, Auteur ; Laura M. I. Lopez, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : p. 89-90 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Caractérisation
Epilage enzymatiqueIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Note de contenu : - Fig. 1 : Proteolytic activity as function of pH Enzymatic preparation : Alcamax Substrate: "Epidermis"
- Fig. 2 : Proteolytic activity as function of pH Enzymatic preparation : Pellvit Substrate: "Epidermis"
- Fig. 3 : Proteolytic activity as function of pH Enzymes: "Vegetal extract" Substrate : "Epidermis"
- Fig. 4 : Proteolytic activity as function of pH Enzymatic preperations : Alcamax, Pellvit and "vegetal extract" Substrate: "Keratin Azure"
- Fig. 5 : SDS-PAGE of Alcamax, Pellvit and "Vegetal extract"
- Fig. 6 : Isoelectric focusing and zymogram of Alcamax, Pellvit and "Vegetal extract"En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1nXQCLGCpCO5EUfvslgNxDmtWRcNBqq5v/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39780
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 87, N° 3 (05-06/2003) . - p. 89-90[article]Exemplaires
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité aucun exemplaire Hair saving unhairing process. Part 5 characterisation of enzymatic preparations applied in soaking and unhairing processes / Carlos S. Cantera in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 87, N° 2 (03-04/2003)
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Titre : Hair saving unhairing process. Part 5 characterisation of enzymatic preparations applied in soaking and unhairing processes Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Carlos S. Cantera, Auteur ; L. Goya, Auteur ; Betina Galarza, Auteur ; Maria Laura Garro, Auteur ; Laura M. I. Lopez, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : p. 69-77 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Caractérisation
Epilage enzymatique
Peaux brutes -- TrempeIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Considering the importance that is attached to the characterisation of proteolytic enzymatic preparations employed in leather making, especially in the development of enzyme unhairing, our studies are aimed to develop a protocol of analysis that allows us to determine the behaviour of the enzymes on diverse protein skin substrates. In the protocol presented here it is important to highlight the incorporation of the so-called ‘epidermis substrate’, comprising the epidermis layer, hair and the root sheaths, as well as the procedure to assess enzymatic action on the proteoglycans.
On two of the substrates, “epidermis” and Hide Powder Azure, studies on activation/inhibition of the enzyme activity using components usually added in the soaking and unhairing processes was also carried out.
The protocol was applied to two commercial enzymatic preparations commonly used in leather processing, and to an extract of vegetable proteases that CITEC, jointly with LIPROVE, is applying in its investigation on enzyme unhairing.
The protocol developed is a useful tool to assist us in the design of ideal enzyme unhairing: that in which the enzymatic activity is orientated towards the components of the epidermis system, when their action on fibrous proteins – particularly collagen - is minimised or avoided and when the leathers developed have the desired properties.Note de contenu : - INTRODUCTION : Chromogenic substrates - The epidermis layer, hair and root sheaths : the ‘epidermis substrate’ - Activity on proteoglycans (PGs) and hide powder substrate
- OBJECTIVES
- MATERIALS AND METHODS : 1) Assessment of protein content - 2) Assessment of activities on different substrates : Non – keratin based substrates - Activity upon proteoglycans (PGs). Hide powder substrate - Keratin-based substrates - 3) Inhibition and activation tests - 4) Protein Profile. Electrophoresis in SDS/polyacrylamide gel (PAGE) - 5) Isoelectric Focusing (IEF) - Zymogram
- EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
- PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY AGAINST DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES AND ACTIVATION AND INHIBITION ASSAYS
- ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS : Activation and Inhibition Tests
- Table 1 : Proteolytic activity of the enzymatic preparations against different substrates
- Table 2 : Ranges of pH corresponding to 90% of the maximum activity for each one of the enzymatic preparations (maximum activity pH value is shown in brackets)
- Table 3 : Changes in the activity of Alcamax and Pellvit against the chromogenic substrates hide powder azure and ‘epidermis’ adding components used in soaking and unhairing processes (*)En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lrLmDHNIHN7pji0LbISFfwO_LGJtTNU1/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39802
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 87, N° 2 (03-04/2003) . - p. 69-77[article]Exemplaires
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité aucun exemplaire Hair saving unhairing process : Part 6 - Stratum corneum as a diffusion barrier : Chemical-mechanical injury of epidermis / Carlos S. Cantera in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 88, N° 3 (05-06/2004)
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Titre : Hair saving unhairing process : Part 6 - Stratum corneum as a diffusion barrier : Chemical-mechanical injury of epidermis Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Carlos S. Cantera, Auteur ; Maria Laura Garro, Auteur ; L. Goya, Auteur ; L. Barbeito, Auteur ; Betina Galarza, Auteur Année de publication : 2004 Article en page(s) : p. 121-131 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Couche cornée
Diffusion (physique)
Epilage
sulfite de sodium
Sulfitolyse
Surfactants
TrypsineLa trypsine (EC 3.4.21.4) est une enzyme digestive du suc pancréatique qui a pour rôle de digérer les protéines.
Elle est synthétisée par le pancréas sous forme de trypsinogène (proenzyme inactive), puis stockée dans les vésicules enzymatiques des cellules acineuses d'où elle est excrétée au moment de la digestion. L'activation du trypsinogène en trypsine est le résultat de l'hydrolyse d'un propeptide sous l'action de l'entérokinase ou par un effet d'autoactivation de la trypsine par elle-même. La cholecystokinine-pancréozymine active la sécrétion des enzymes (donc de la trypsine) dans le suc pancréatique.
La trypsine est une endoprotéase qui hydrolyse les liaisons peptidiques dans lesquelles un acide aminé basique (Lys-|-Xaa ou Arg-|-Xaa) engage sa fonction acide (sauf dans le cas où l'acide aminé suivant (schématisé ici par "Xaa") est une Proline). Elle coupe en C-terminal de ces acides aminés. En d'autres mots, elle transforme les chaînes polypeptides en chaînes protéiques plus courtes pour permettre la digestion. Efficace à pH 7,5 - 8,5, elle est inactivée et digérée en quelques heures à pH neutre (=7) dans l'intestin.
La trypsine participe à l'activation d'autres enzymes comme l'alpha-chymotrypsine par coupure hydrolytique de la chaîne polypeptidique du chymotrypsinogène.
Cette enzyme sert également lors de la 2e semaine du développement embryonnaire humain. Elle est sécrétée par le trophoblaste afin de digérer la zone pellucide entourant le blastocyste. Ce phénomène s'appelle l'éclosion.
UréeIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : In this new report of the series ‘Hair saving unhairing process’,we consider the epidermis as a diffusion barrier. The possible macro and micro routes of substance permeation across this tissue and the possible mechanisms of how to injure the stratum corneum and the intercellular inter-intra stratum adhesion are also described. A proposal related to the most important phases of unhairing is also considered, where the so-called Phase I : chemical-mechanical injury of the epidermis is highlighted. The sulphitolysis process, the action of trypsin, SDS, surfactants/solvents and urea are relevant factors to take into account in the above mentioned Phase I. Preliminary results, at laboratory scale, using ‘epidermis substrate’ and fresh hide are described. Note de contenu : - Objectives
- Epidermis structure, stratum corneum as a diffusion barrier
- Some remarks about trypsin activity : Sulphitolysis process - Action of urea - Action of surfactants - VIII Diffusion of substances across the epidermis - Results of preliminary trials - Trials with 'epidermis substrate' - Sulphitolysis reaction - Behaviour of surfactants/solvents - Trials with fresh hide
- Phases of the unhairing process
- Table 1 : Influence of Na2SO3, trypsin, surfactants/solvents and urea on "epidermis substrate"En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Yblu9_geaYfAuc2I0KztnAv9j2_FeXiF/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39640
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 88, N° 3 (05-06/2004) . - p. 121-131[article]Exemplaires
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité aucun exemplaire The diffusion barrier within the unhairing process / Carlos S. Cantera in WORLD LEATHER, Vol. 18, N° 6 (10/2005)
PermalinkUnhairing of bovine skin with fungal enzymes by immersion and spread throughout the epidermis / Maria Laura Garro in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 103, N° 1 (01-02/2019)
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