Closed-loop liming and chrome tanning systems in full-scale wet blue manufacture, operational management, technical and environmental advantages / Richard Daniels in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXIII, N° 12 (12/2018)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXIII, N° 12 (12/2018) . - p. 418-423 Titre : Closed-loop liming and chrome tanning systems in full-scale wet blue manufacture, operational management, technical and environmental advantages Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Richard Daniels, Auteur ; Jiasheng Su, Auteur ; Falei Zhang ; Zhuangdou Zhang Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p. 418-423 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Chaulage Cuirs et peaux -- Industrie -- Aspect de l'environnement Cuirs et peaux de bovins Tannage au chrome Wet-blue (tannage) Peau tannée au chrome (le chrome donne une couleur bleue) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Closed-loop liming/unhairing and chromium tanning systems are now established for the full-scale manufacture of bovine wet blue leathers. The technology ensures full recovery and reuse of the concentrated used processing floats, and four major tanneries are now producing some 72,000 hides per week as high quality wet blue leathers from salted American, European and Australian wet salted hides. These are for their own use, sales, and contract tanning. In practice there are no discharges or washings for effluent treatment from either the liming/unhairing or the acid/salt pickle and chromium tanning processes. Accordingly, there is no chemical wastage from these two major stages within leather making. There are significant saving in processing chemicals – lime, sodium sulfide/hydrosulfide, salt, acids, chromium tanning agents and water too. The problems associated with treating waste waters from these two environmentally difficult stages are thus totally avoided. Based on independent on-site surveys within each of these four tanneries, this paper shows how the technology is managed in practice. In particular it shows how the process stabilizes within these processing loops, and how a continuous increase in neutral salts is avoided. Note de contenu : - METHODOLOGY : Technology : liming and hair recovery stage - Technology : pickling and chromium tanning stage - Mechanisms within the liming cycle - Mechanisms within the chromium tanning cycle - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Advantage : environmental - Advantage : chemical and water use - Advantage : technical and product En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vnlgfoHazxbL60R9mIfp4FlJs9Hd2Sm7/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31402 [article]

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Closed-loop processing : management in existing tanneries and new-builds designed for purpose / Richard Daniels in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXIV, N° 12 (12/2019)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXIV, N° 12 (12/2019) . - p. 470-476 Titre : Closed-loop processing : management in existing tanneries and new-builds designed for purpose Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Richard Daniels, Auteur ; Jiasheng Su, Auteur ; Falei Zhang ; Zhuangdou Zhang Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 470-476 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Industrie -- Aspect de l'environnement Cuirs et peaux de bovins Cuirs et peaux de moutons Déchets -- Réduction Déchets industriels -- Elimination Eau -- Consommation -- Réduction Eaux usées -- Recyclage Economies d'énergie Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Closed-loop processing for unhairing/liming and tannage is established technology for the processing of raw hides to the wet blue state. This approach produces a high value product and, as part of sustainable manufacture, is significant. Savings are gained in chemicals, water and energy and reductions in the wastewater load. In effluent treatment, both the sulfide oxidation stage and chrome recovery/regeneration systems are eliminated. Both sulfate and chloride are minimised, and a reduction in solid waste generation. In November 2018 new-build tanneries with radically different layouts were at an advanced stage of construction and installation of new equipment. These were designed to management and technical requirements of this specific technology. In addition, the technology had made the transition from bovine manufacture to nappa leathers production in a major sheepskin tannery. And within small scale opérations — bovine hides, bovine bellies, sheep and goat skins - chrome tannage was taking place with processing adapted around the prevailing conditions and tanners requirements. Note de contenu : - METHODOLOGY : Manufacturing procedures - Soaking and washes - The hair recovery and liming closed-loop - Limed hide movement - The deliming/bating processes - The pickle and chrome tanning closed-loop - Movement of water during process - Soalking and washes - The hair recovery and liming closed-loop - Removal of solubles and residules from process - The pickling and tanning closed-loop - An equilibrium of salts withinn processes - DISCUSSION : New-build bovine tanneries - Sheepskin manufacture - Small-scale manufacture En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lEiqQLIsaEjlo8Cm83ljH7H91HEU8sXB/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33390 [article]

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Studies on collagen structure using X-ray scattering on a closed-loop leather process / Yi Zhang in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXV, N° 10 (10/2020)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXV, N° 10 (10/2020) . - p. 373-379 Titre : Studies on collagen structure using X-ray scattering on a closed-loop leather process Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Yi Zhang, Auteur ; Jenna Buchanan, Auteur ; Jiasheng Su, Auteur ; Zhuangdou Zhang, Auteur ; Geoff Holmes, Auteur ; Sujay Prabakar, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 373-379 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Collagène -- Analyse Cuirs et peaux -- Déchets -- Recyclage Diffractométrie de rayons X Diffusion aux petits angles Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Waste management in leather processing is crucial in limiting the excess use of hazardous materials that lead to environmental pollution and health concerns. A closed-loop approach was developed to recycle the spent solutions from leather processing to reduce waste in the effluent. The structural changes of collagen that accompany such processing are yet to be studied and is crucial in understanding the closed-loop process and its subsequent leather properties. In this study, we analysed the collagen structure at different processing stages across the closed-loop approach using synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering. An increased filling effect in the collagen matrix was observed and attributed to the residual organic component and chromium species in recycled spent solutions. A high uptake of chromium was also observed from the increased scattering intensity from leathers treated with recycled chrome solution, indicating its efficient use. Additionally, the changes in scattering intensity from keratin and lipids indicated an effective unhairing process. Such findings on collagen structure changes will support the development of more environmentally and economically sustainable processing methods to benefit the leather industry. Note de contenu : - Sample preparation - Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v115i10.4175 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1B-AuPs8xRaBRWnOHDBZ7bKgDVRzJMpeE/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=34612 [article]

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The elimination of effluent from liming, acid/salt pickling and the chromium tanning processes / Richard Daniels in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 101, N° 3 (05-06/2017)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 101, N° 3 (05-06/2017) . - p. 105-111 Titre : The elimination of effluent from liming, acid/salt pickling and the chromium tanning processes Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Richard Daniels, Auteur ; Jiasheng Su, Auteur ; Falei Zhang, Auteur ; Zhuangdou Zhang, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 105-111 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Chaulage Cuirs et peaux -- Industrie -- Aspect de l'environnement Déchets -- Réduction Déchets industriels -- Elimination Eau -- Consommation -- Réduction Eaux usées -- Epuration Picklage Le picklage consiste à faire absorber à la peau en tripe une quantité importante d'acide, en présence de sel neutre (NaCl) pour réprimer le gonflement que provoquerait l'acidité du milieu. Produits chimiques -- Consommation -- Réduction Tannage Wet-blue (tannage) Peau tannée au chrome (le chrome donne une couleur bleue) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : It is acknowledged that within the chemical processing of hides into chrome-tanned leather that the liming, acid pickle and the tanning processes are the major contributors of pollutants. This is in terms of biological load, suspended solids, sulfide, nitrogen, chromium, salinity and the resultant sludges for disposal. This loading includes unused chemicals that are discharged from these processes due to the poor process efficiencies. Many attempts have been made to lessen this waste at source, but technologies in common use have basically remained unchanged for decades. Solutions to these problems are for reaching, and the details set down in this paper describe a technology that addresses and resolves these matters. This information was compiled through independent on-site studies within three major tanneries, where approximately 60 000 wet-salted US, European and. Australien hides per week have been processed since 2013. Accordingly, this paper describes in detail this radical new approach to leather manufacture. The initial investigations and developments of this technology by BIOSK involved the building of a full scale wet-blue manufacturing plant, and five years of developments before introduction to industry. The practicality and value of this technology has since been verified by continuous full scale manufacture by tanners that commenced in 2011. The technology involves the complete retention and recycling of used floats from liming, pickle and tanning in self-contained loops, and eliminates associated washing cycles. This is the base for the complete uptake of processing chemicals, a significant reduction in water use, and zero effluent discharged from these ordinal rnanufacturing stages. Note de contenu : - METHODOLOGY : The technology for wet-blue manufacture from wet-salted hides - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Managing the technology - Managing the salinity within processing - Technical advantages - FIGURES : 1. The BIOSK development plant. Collection sumps for holding the various waste water discharges from wet-blue manufacture are shown in the foreground. In tanneries using the technology, floor-mounted holding tanks are used instead of sumps - 2. Swelling of a skin as a function of pH and repression by addition of salt - TABLES : 1. Tanneries as sources of information - 2. Hair-saving liming process : BIO-cycle technology. Material : wet-salted boving hides : USA, Australia, Europe - 3. Pickle, pre-annage and chromium tannage : BIO-cycle technology. Material : wet-salted bovine hides : USA, Australia, Europe - 4. Reductions in offers of chemicals and water (spreas of values from three tanneries) - Reductions in chemicals and water based on previous (conventional) processing (spread of values from three tanneries) En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZOQDWfbiT7QpAHyBGPtqoR7eSE_B4igs/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=28794 [article]

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