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Titre : Forever chemicals Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Karl Flowers, Auteur ; Abigail Clare, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 34-36 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Auto-nettoyage
Bioaccumulation
Cuir
Cuirs et peaux -- Industrie -- Aspect de l'environnement
Ecotoxicologie
Environnement -- Etudes d'impact
Nanotechnologie
Produits chimiques -- Toxicologie
Substances per- et polyfluoroalkyléesIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), also known as "forever chemicals", are a group of more than 9,000 highly persistent synthetic chemicals. PFAS contain alkyl groups in which hydrogen atoms are replaced by fluorine. Industrial application and use of PFAS in consumer products commenced in the 1940s.
These chemicals were used heavily until the early 2000s when researchers discovered they were environmentally damaging. PFAS do not easily degrade in the environment due to the highly stable carbon-fluorine bond, this strong bond is responsible for the persistent nature of PFAS that enables these chemicals to build up within the environnent and organisms.
The carbon chains of the most common PFAS are fully fluorinated and are often attached to a functional group, such as a carboxylic or sulfonic acid. Common PFAS include perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). The large diversity of PFAS substances results from the high variability in possible functional groups.Note de contenu : - PFAS in leather
- Contamination and environmental impacts
- Toxic impacts
- Regulation
- PFAS alternatives
- Fig. 1 : The release of PFAS into the environment during a product's lifecycle
- Fig. 2 : The spread and accumulation of PFAS in the environment
- Fig. 3 : Nanotechnology providing a self-cleaning effectEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1c1br-cIoIwriimEGHeNpzWjvIBIjj_vG/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=37071
in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM) > N° 50 (11-12/2021) . - p. 34-36[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 23237 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Future automotive interiors : the role of leather solutions / Karl Flowers in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM), N° 41 (05-06/2020)
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Titre : Future automotive interiors : the role of leather solutions Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Karl Flowers, Intervieweur ; Alexander Schieke, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 38-39 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuir dans les automobiles Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The speed of change in the automotive industry is astonishing. Techniques and solutions that are considered innovative today might be seen as normal or even old-fashioned five years from now. ILM spoke about such trends in the automotive interior segment. Note de contenu : - How do you expect the mobility industry to evolve in the future ?
- And which trends will influence the automotive industry the mosts ?
- So what is the influence of CASE trends on automotive interiors ?
- Is sustainability also a trend in automotive interiors ?
- How can automotive tanners meet the demand for more sustainable interiors ?
- Why is collaboration so important ?
- Are there specific training programs for the automotive industry within Stahl Campus ?
- What are your thoughts on the coronavirus, specifically on the automotive industry ?En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iI1ffMmhLpEGUPP27X3WcgcZlTK7l6BO/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=34088
in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM) > N° 41 (05-06/2020) . - p. 38-39[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 21717 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible
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Titre : Genuine leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Karl Flowers, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 36-40 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Biodégradation
Collage
Collagène -- Synthèse
Construction sandwich
Cuir -- Suppression ou remplacement
Impression tridimensionnelleIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : There are many leather alternatives currentlycoming onto the market - many of them have not yet reached commercial scale but are looking like they will become mainstrem. They have implications for the leather industry as potential competition or opportunities for the tannery. Note de contenu : - Fig. 1 : A highly simplified representation of collagen biosynthesis and assembly
- Fig. 2 : Non-biodegradable vegan material after six months in compost
- Leather or plastic
- 3-D printing
- Growing
- Bonding and sandwichesEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/13JE3NQ8HxyS5gqYDU0DTH7WN4qisf0Bd/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=34924
in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM) > N° 43 (09-10/2020) . - p. 36-40[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 21907 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible
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Titre : Good housekeeping Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Karl Flowers, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 62-66 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Appareils et matériels
Cuirs et peaux -- Industrie
Entretien et réparations
Hygiène
Organisation de l'entreprise
Produits chimiques -- Etiquetage
Produits chimiques -- Stockage
Sécurité du travail
Usines -- Entretien -- GestionIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The housekeeping of a tannery is more than just keeping the tannery clean. The Leather Working Group (LWG) has led the way in setting the benchmarking standard for the ideal way that a tannery should be looking at its housekeeping.
The fundamental tenants of housekeeping for a world class tannery should go more than the situation laid out by the LWG as a tannery should be getting the system to work for them and should also pass international benchmarks. The basic aims for a housekeeping system should be :
- cleanliness (to prevent contamination, for appearances and as part of good practice)
- Flow (to ensure the layout of a factory ensures the thoughput is a high as possible)
- Safety (good housekeeping looks at work-in-progress areas, and to ensure work clearance and guarding is enough)
- Chemical and equipment use (preventing mistakes and ensuring the systems used are as fit-for-purpose as possible)Note de contenu : - Cleanliness and machine efficiency
- Flow
- Safety
- Chemical and equipment use
- Fig. 1 : The ideal flow through a tannery department
- Fig. 2 : Idealised flow when two material flows meet
- Fig. 3 : Poor material flow through a factory
- Fig. 4 : The flow of material should have clearly marked work-in-progress areas
- Fig. 5 : Bottom level guarding of drums is essential
- Fig. 6 : Platform guarding of the drums is essential
- Fig. 7 : Powdered products should always be stored above liquid products
- Fig. 8 : Chemicals that are compatible together should be stored together
- Fig. 9 : Chemical products should always be clearly labelled with their name and risksEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pujdpSSk5mJ3ukkKlH_804mm2JKhLJ11/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=34407
in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM) > N° 39 (01-02/2020) . - p. 62-66[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 21768 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible
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Titre : Grading and sorting Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Karl Flowers, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 102-107 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuir et peaux -- Tri
Cuirs et peaux -- ClassementIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The quality of raw materials going into leather manufacture has always been out of the control of the tanning industry. 99% of raw hides and skins that enter the leather industry are a by-product of the meat industry. The farmer does very little to ensure that the surface quality of the animal hide/ skin, beyond the usual practices of good farm management and animal welfare care, are improved. There is little incentive, financial or other, for the farmer to invest time and capital in hide/skin improvement. Consequently, global material quality has been declining for the past 20 years. Increasing numbers of surface marks as a result of natural farm influences are seen. The abattoirs can also be a source of surface marks if the operators have poor training and lack experience. Cost cutting in the meat industry will deprioritise investment in training and capital investment that can improve flay quality.
In some tanneries, there is also a consistent lack of knowledge and quality control that can help in the prevention of tannery related surface marks. A general de-skilling of the leather-making industry and leather article manufacturing result in higher than normal problems due to the general care, consideration, and skill of the operators.Note de contenu : - Balancing animal welfare with surface quality
- Animal signatures versus making plastic
- Types of leather surface marks
- Open versus closed marks
- Grading and sorting stages in the tannery
- Sorting routes
- Grading systems (tanners and 5-point grading)
- Grading as a sliding scale
- Cutting coefficients
- Non-pattern and pattern grading
- Fig. 1 : A schematic representation of the locational variations of types of marks on an ostrich skin
- Fig. 2 : Material separation positions and provenance through to wet-blue-sorting
- Fig. 3 : Material grading and sorting decisions defining material down specified routes for better material
- Fig. 4 : material grading and sorting decisions defining material down specified routes for worse quality material
- Fig. 5 : Material grading and sorting decisions defining material down specified routes for splits
- Fig. 6 : An example of the pattern used for the inside quarter of a shoe
- Table 1 : A typical tanner grading systemEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NU12nq_g256TD-9132FIkRKxO8-9w7BR/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33626
in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM) > N° 37 (09-10/2019) . - p. 102-107[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 21384 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Grain crack and burst strength / Karl Flowers in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM), N° 37 (09-10/2019)
PermalinkPermalinkPermalinkPermalinkIs deamidation bad for chromium-free ? / Karl Flowers in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM), N° 35 (05-06/2019)
PermalinkIs magnesium oxide causing staining ? / Karl Flowers in LEATHER INTERNATIONAL, Vol. 217, N° 4864 (09/2016)
PermalinkLCA and machinery in the tannery / Karl Flowers in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM), N° 52 (03-04/2022)
PermalinkPermalinkLeather drying and conditioning / Karl Flowers in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM), N° 59 (05-06/2023)
PermalinkPermalinkPermalinkLeather property : looseness / Karl Flowers in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM), N° 37 (09-10/2019)
PermalinkLeather property : water resistance / Karl Flowers in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM), N° 38 (11-12/2019)
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