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Effect of wall brightness on room illumination / Steven de Backer in COATINGS TECH, Vol. 16, N° 9 (09/2019)
[article]
Titre : Effect of wall brightness on room illumination Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Steven de Backer, Auteur ; Michael P. Diebold, Auteur ; M. P. Milone, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 32-39 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Blanc (couleur)
Eclairage
Etudes comparatives
Gris (couleur)
Luminosité
Mesure
Modèles numériques
Noir (couleur)
Revêtements intérieurs:Peinture intérieureIndex. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : While there is an intuitive connection between wall brightness and the electrical demand for illuminating a room, there has been little data reported to quantify this relationship. Here, we report the relative electrical load needed to light a room at the 500 lux level specified by European lighting standard EN12464-1:2011, as a function of wall brightness. A room was painted white, black, and two intermediate shades of gray, and room brightness was measured at multiple locations and directions using four light levels (controlled with a light dimmer), for both warm and cool fluorescent bulbs. Results were compared to computer modeling. Based on these results, we determined the expected electrical requirements for rooms painted with over a dozen "colors of the year," as designated by major décor coatings manufacturers. The results were compared to the electrical requirement for a white wall. Significant energy savings are possible when painting a dark wall white. Note de contenu : - Implications for paint consumers
- Economic and environmental consequences
- Comparison to white roof energy savings
- Fig. 1 : Room dimensions and test locations
- Fig. 2 : View of room, facing door. Room is painted black
- Fig. 3 : Luminance values for four room colors, at four light luminosities, at the center of the room. Bars indicate one standard deviation
- Fig. 4 : Energy requirements for the four combinations of location and orientation, as a function of wall color, required to meet a given luminance value. Data is relative to the energy requirement for the brightest wall
- Fig. 5 : Comparison of measured and calculated energy requirements for two locations, as a function of wall color, required to meet a given luminance value. Experimental : filled circles and dashed lines ; calculated : open circles and solid lines. Data is relative to the energy requirement for the brightest wall
- Fig. 6 : Brightnesses of "color of the year" paints, overlaid on the experimental results
- Table 1 : Measured energy requirements for different locations and orientations, relative to the requirements for a white room
- Table 2 : Calculated requirements for different locations and orientations, relative to the requirements for a white room
- Table 3 : Comparison of experimental and calculated electricity requirements to match the brihtness of a room with white walls
- Table 4 : Brightness and energy requirements of various "colors of the year"
- Table 5 : Cost and environmental comparison of black and white roomEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1THrGZFVtKyxlL8tKGJ6p-pKQxTJ-ScKi/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=32995
in COATINGS TECH > Vol. 16, N° 9 (09/2019) . - p. 32-39[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 21182 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible How paint quality impacts carbon footprint / Steven de Backer in EUROPEAN COATINGS JOURNAL (ECJ), N° 1 (01/2022)
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Titre : How paint quality impacts carbon footprint : Highly treated grades of TiO2 can improve the cradle-to-grave ecological impact Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Steven de Backer, Auteur ; Michael P. Diebold, Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : p. 30-34 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Concentration pigmentaire volumique critique
Dioxyde de titane
Durée de vie (Ingénierie)
Lumière -- Diffusion
Produits chimiques -- Consommation -- Réduction
Revêtements -- Aspect de l'environnement
Revêtements en bâtiment:Peinture en bâtimentIndex. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : Coatings provide both protection and aesthetic appeal. Just a thin layer of paint can extend the useful life of everyday objects, avoiding the environmental burden that would corne with an early replacement. Assessing the sustainability of coatings over the entire product life cycle better captures the impact of coatings performance in a given application. Highly treated grades of TiO2 increase scattering efficiency, reduce the required paint volume and offer a lower carbon footprint. Note de contenu : - Greater efficiency at critical pigment volume concentration
- Light scattering improved by 30 % with less TiO2
- Increasing air void content increases opacity at same porosity index
- Use of highly treated TiO2 in paint systems
- Lower carbon footpring with highly treated grade
- Fig. 1 : LCA cycle for a typical architectural paint
- Fig. 2 : Microscopic pictures of highly treated TiO2 and a universal type
- Fig. 3 : Relative scattering power as a function of TiO2 particle separation
- Fig. 4 : Impact of concentration on hiding power of universal and highly treated Ti02 grades
- Fig. 5 : Spread rate as a function of air content in paints formulated above the CPVC
- Fig. 6 : Overview of basic paint properties of three plaints with clays (A), fine CaCO3 (B) and medium-sized CaCO3 as extender, for¬mulated using a universal and a highly treated TiO2 grade
- Fig. 7 : Pore volume as a function of pore sizes for three paints differing in extender package containing a universal and highly treated TiO2En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/14OupRmUA63L-jWlcmtDaQStEziuuDGo3/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=36847
in EUROPEAN COATINGS JOURNAL (ECJ) > N° 1 (01/2022) . - p. 30-34[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 23172 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible
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Titre : Keeping on the white track : Optimising the efficiency of titanium dioxide in architectural paints Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Johan J. Rommens, Auteur ; Steven de Backer, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p. 88-92 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Dioxyde de titane
Lumière -- Diffusion
Opacifiants
Pigments inorganiques
Réflectance
Revêtements en bâtiment:Peinture en bâtimentIndex. décimale : 667.2 Colorants et pigments Résumé : Optimisation of the scattering efficiency of titanium dioxide can produce considerable cost savings. Ways to measure the efficiency of use of TiO, and to improve it are described. What is referred to as 'highly treated' TiO, can further improve opacity. This in turn can result in lower paint consumption, minimising environ-mental impacts.
One of the main functions of architectural paint is to hide a surface and improve its appearance. Hiding can be obtained either by scattering visible light or by absorbing it. For white paints, absorption is minimised, so that hiding in thin paint films can only be obtained by light scattering. Because of its high refractive index (RI), titanium dioxide (Ti02) is the most efficient pigment for scattering visible light and its lack of absorption in the visible light range makes it the best white pigment available.
Since light scattering is the key parameter controlling hiding in white pain) or whitening strength in tinted paints, more efficient use of Ti02 can lead to improved hiding.
This can reduce the number of paint layers needed for full coverage and hence speed up painting. Fewer paint layers saves costs and raw materials and hence reduces the environmental impact of the paint.
This paper describes how Ti02 efficiency can be assessed and how that knowledge can be used to prioritise hiding optimisation programmes.Note de contenu : - Factors influencing hiding power in paints
- Determining the light scattering of paint
- Factors that limit pigment efficiency
- How pigment spacing affects opacity
- A pigment designed to maximise efficiency
- Optimising formulations for opacityEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/16RNQNfPO8i6tRMWroDEbaGDdopqwefmD/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=23475
in EUROPEAN COATINGS JOURNAL (ECJ) > N° 3 (03/2015) . - p. 88-92[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 17052 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible New method for objective hiding assessment of wall paint / Steven de Backer in POLYMERS PAINT COLOUR JOURNAL - PPCJ, Vol. 207, N° 4635 (10/2017)
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Titre : New method for objective hiding assessment of wall paint Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Steven de Backer, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 25-26 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Analyse d'image L'analyse d'image est la reconnaissance des éléments contenus dans l'image. Il ne faut pas confondre analyse (décomposition en éléments) et traitement (action sur les composantes) de l'image.
Essais (technologie)
Evaluation
Imagerie tridimensionnelle
Peinture au rouleau
Revêtement mural:Peinture muraleIndex. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : In this paper it is demonstrated that it is possible to determinethe dry film thickness via a flatbed scanner at a pixel level throughout the scanned surface. A simple stastitical analysis gives information about the distribution of the thicknesses, grey values and reflectances. It is shown that the results of this statistical analysis can be linked with the intrinsic hiding power and the flow behaviour of the paints, allowing one to quantify the latter. Note de contenu : - The kubelka-mune equation
- Flow behaviour of architectural coatings
- FIGURES : 1. Picture of the drawdown at different film builds and films builds as determined by a profilometer and as calculated by the Kubelka-Munk approach based on reflectances - 2. Roller application on a black substrate, conversion of the visual picture to reflectances (the higher the whiteness, the higher the reflectance), 3D map as calculated by the Kubelka Munk equations and histogram of the thicknesses of the appllied paint - 3. Rollet applications of a ppoor flowing paint A, medium flowing paint B and very good flowing paint C on a black surface. Middle, 3D images of the respective roller applications (area 10x14 cm) and details of the respective 3D images - 4. Histograms of paints A, B and C showing the number of pixels with a certain grey value and histogram of paints A, B and C showing the number of pixels with a certain wet film thicknessEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xJ3hRJZg5xj5hneWN2jx0RYvdxJ3SPQR/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=29317
in POLYMERS PAINT COLOUR JOURNAL - PPCJ > Vol. 207, N° 4635 (10/2017) . - p. 25-26[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 19293 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible
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Titre : A revealing objective : New method for objectively assessing the hiding power of wall paint Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Steven de Backer, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 42-50 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Kubelka-Munk, Théorie de La théorie de Kubelka-Munk (du nom de Paul Kubelka et Franz Munk) décrit les propriétés d'absorption de la lumière et de diffusion de la lumière des systèmes pigmentés, tels que les peintures ou les colorants dans les tissus textiles. La théorie peut prédire à partir de mesures d'épaisseurs à deux couches comment la couleur fonctionne à d'autres épaisseurs de couche. Cela permet aux fabricants de peinture d'estimer combien de pigments ils doivent ajouter à une peinture, de sorte que la peinture est opaque à une certaine épaisseur du travail. Avec l'aide de la théorie, l'effet de couleur du mélange de deux colorants peut être prédit si les paramètres des colorants individuels sont déterminés au moyen de mesures spectroscopiques. Les résultats sont meilleurs que l'utilisation naïve du mélange de couleurs soustractif.
Opacifiants
Réflectance
Revêtement mural:Peinture muraleIndex. décimale : 667.6 Peintures Résumé : Kubelka-Munk theory can be used to derive a paint's intrinsic hiding power. However, it assumes highly uniform application, which does not necessarily occur with a roller. Various factors affect the surface structure, reducing the perceived hiding power. Surface structure is quantifiable by statistical image analysis, and the applied hiding power, paint quantity and surface structure can be linked mathematically together. Note de contenu : - Background : The Kubelka-Munk equation and intrinsic hiding power
- From high-resolution image to 3D map via Kubelka-Munk
- Quantifying the applied hiding power
- Fig. 1 : Photo of the drawdown at different film-builds and film-build as determined by a profilometer and calculated by the Kubelka-Munk model based on reflectance values
- Fig. 2 : Image of roller application to a black substrate. Conversion of the visuel image to a curve of reflectance values, 3D maps as calculahed with the aid of the Kubelka-Munk equations and Frequency distribution curve for the thickness values of the applied paint
- Fig. 3 : Photos of a white architectural coating applied to a black substrate with a roller and with decreasing loading
- Fig. 4 : Curve of thickness at various loadings and correlation between the thickness of the chart as determined by Equation 4 versus the weighed average thickness as determined by the scanner method
- Fig. 5 : Curves of reflectance values as a function of roller loading. The maximum increase with increase in roller loading. The dotted line indicates the 75% reflectance limit and the percentage of pixels having a reflectance value of less than 75%
- Fig. 6 : Schematic representation of the percentage of pixels having a reflectance value of less than 75% versus the wet film thickness for 12 different white paints and the percentage of pixels having a reflectance value of less than 75% versus the intrinsic hiding power of these paints
- Fig. 7 : Photos of roller-applied readily flowing paint A, moderately flowing paint B and poorly flowing paint C on a black surface, 3D charts of the respective roller application (8.5 x 8.5 cm) and Details of the respective 3D charts (LI x LI mm)
- Fig. 8 : "Cross-sections" of paints A, B and C showing the flow behaviour alter application with a 40-micron wire rod. The red dotted lises indicate the average height of the peaks/depth of the valleysEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pasJiqp5xTUkyTKg95m5-F7MR5MgeM3L/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33522
in EUROPEAN COATINGS JOURNAL (ECJ) > N° 2 (02/2020) . - p. 42-50[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 21541 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Specialised TiO2 grade for flat paints / Stéphane Cappelle in POLYMERS PAINT COLOUR JOURNAL - PPCJ, Vol. 205, N° 4606 (03/2015)
PermalinkThe lasting impact of titanium dioxide / Johan J. Rommens in EUROPEAN COATINGS JOURNAL (ECJ), N° 4 (04/2020)
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