An assessment of differences between butt and belly regions of indian sheep skin / Dagnew Negasa in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CX, N° 6 (06/2015)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CX, N° 6 (06/2015) . - p. 165-176 Titre : An assessment of differences between butt and belly regions of indian sheep skin Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Dagnew Negasa, Auteur ; Punitha Velmurugan, Auteur ; Kalarical Janardhanan Sreeram, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p. 165-176 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Cuirs et peaux de moutons Peau -- Histologie Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Skins and hides undergo changes in biochemical and biophysical properties during the leather processing. Biochemical composi-tion varies with respect to different portions of the skin like butt, belly, shank, and neck. Belly part looseness is the main problem in leather making from sheepskin. To address this issue, the present work focuses on analysis of histology and biochemical prop-erties of butt and belly portion of sheepskin from the southern part of India. Globular proteins are relatively higher in the butt portion than the belly, whereas it is reverse in the case of fibrous proteins except collagen. Interestingly, the presence of proteo-glycans content in butt regions is significantly high compared to belly and in case of fat content it is reverse. Acid soluble colla-gen contribution is higher in butt region than belly and vice-versa in the case of pepsin soluble collagen. In general, collagen con-tent is significantly higher in butt than belly, which may be the major cause for the higher strength characteristics of butt regions. Cr2O3 content is higher in butt region than belly, which corroborates with protein content and its interaction with tanning agents. Distribution of pore size influences the breathability property of leather, which has been altered in all the unit operations. Scan-ning electron microscopy study reveals the morphology of the grain and cross-section of the skin changes during leather pro-cessing. Thus, this study aids in better understanding of the butt and belly regions of Indian sheepskin. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials - Sample preparation - Non-collagenous proteins analysis - Fat content and chromic oxide content analysis - Thermal stability determination and pore size distribution - Collagen extraction and analysis - Conformational analysis - Scanning electron microscopic analysis - Histological examination - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Non-collagenous protein analysis - Fat content analysis - Thermal stability - Pore size distribution - Chromic oxide content analysis - Determination of collagen content - Scanning electron analysis - Histological examination En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/193mZgED0wKCjT-NWI09j55OhjbuB5McX/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24231 [article]

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Enzymatic removal of melamin in enzyme based dehairing and fiber opening / Punitha Velmurugan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIII, N° 7 (07/2008)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CIII, N° 7 (07/2008) . - p. 203-208 Titre : Enzymatic removal of melamin in enzyme based dehairing and fiber opening Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Punitha Velmurugan, Auteur ; Subramani Saravanabhavan, Auteur ; P. Kannan, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p. 203-208 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Melanin is a natural pigment of skin and hair, which provides a protective function against sunlight. The non-removal of pigments from the skin gives the finished leather a patchy appearance. As the leather industry is undergoing a paradigm shift towards bioprocessing, enzyme based dehairing and fiber opening are becoming ecologically important. However, the enzymatic dehairing and fiber opening of buffalo calfskins results in non-removal of pigments. In this study, an attempt has been made to remove the pigments from buffalo calfskins using xylanase. Xylanase is a hydrolase, which is generally used for bleaching of wood and pulps. The presence of melanin in enzymatically dehaired buffalo calfskins was identified through UV-visible spectral analysis. Preliminary trials have been carried out for removing melanin with various concentrations of xyalanse in enzymatic dehairing and fiber opening. Addition of xylanase provides and fiber opening addition of xylanase provides complete removal of melanin during enzymatic dehairing and fiber opening individually. The removal of melanin was found to be 100 %. The performance characteristics of the resultedleathers have been analyzed and found satisfactory. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1eHi5zwtpxvqzZLjhwa6h2xotBTLVJC_3/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2555 [article]

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Green solution for salinity in tannery wastewater : a step forward in leather processing / Subramanian Saravanabhavan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIX, N° 7 (07/2014)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CIX, N° 7 (07/2014) . - p. 214-223 Titre : Green solution for salinity in tannery wastewater : a step forward in leather processing Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Subramanian Saravanabhavan, Auteur ; Punitha Velmurugan, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p. 214-223 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Chlorure de sodium Le chlorure de sodium est un composé chimique de formule NaCl. On l'appelle plus communément sel de table ou de cuisine, ou tout simplement sel dans le langage courant. C'est le principal produit dissous dans l'eau de mer ; on l'appelle alors sel marin. On l'obtient : dans des marais salants par évaporation de l'eau de mer, dans des mines, par extraction du sel gemme (halite) ou en le synthétisant lors de réactions à hautes températures entre du dichlore (Cl2) et du sodium métallique (Na). Le chlorure de sodium est utilisé dans l'industrie chimique pour produire du chlore, de la soude caustique et de l’hydrogène. Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Cuirs et peaux -- Conservation Eaux usées -- Epuration Eaux usées -- Teneur en sels Hydroxyproline Polyéthylène glycol Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The conventional leather processing method contributes to high salinity in wastewater due to the discharge of enormous amount of salts used for preservation. Hence, an attempt has been made to replace the salt with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to reduce the salinity in tannery wastewater. The molecular weight (MW) and percentage offer of PEG were standardized based on the rate of dehydration of hide matrix during preservation and rehydration of preserved hide matrix. The determination of hydroxyproline in spent soak liquors at various time periods during storage showed that the preservation of hides using PEG MW 2000 was more effective than sodium chloride. The reduction in total salinity by 43% is possible in tannery wastewater through PEG based preservation of raw hides. Functional characteristics of the experimental crust leathers are shown to be on par with control crust leathers. The developed greener process appears to be technically viable and economically acceptable alternative for salt based preservation. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Materials - Selection of molecular weight of PEG for preservation - Optimization of percentage offer of PEG MW 2000 for preservation - Rehydration studies - Scanning electron microscopy analysis - Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier Transform Infrared Studies - Determination of hydroxiproline - Bulk preservation studies - Soaking operation for preserved control and experimental cow hide from bulk trials - Input and output analysis - Spent soak liquor and composite liquor analysis - Physical testing and hand evaluation of leathers - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Underlying principle for selecting PEG for preservation - Selection of MW of PEG for preservation - Optimization of percentage offer of PEB MW 2000 for preservation - Scanning electron microscopy analysis - Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier Transform Infrared studies - Comparison of the effectiveness of preservation method based on PEG MW 2000 and salt - Bulk trial studies : an appraisal input and output analysis - Analysis of soak liquor and composite liquor - Physical and hand evaluation of leathers - Techno-economic benefits En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pFPmWHEqtaw8kHjM75xB5oaEE2opjVZg/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=21706 [article]

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Reuse of solid waste from juice industry (citrus sinensis peel) in the extraction of antioxidants with enhanced activity through polymer encapsulates for the preservation of skin / Marimuthu Pradeep Kumar in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIX, N° 7 (07/2014)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CIX, N° 7 (07/2014) . - p. 231-238 Titre : Reuse of solid waste from juice industry (citrus sinensis peel) in the extraction of antioxidants with enhanced activity through polymer encapsulates for the preservation of skin Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Marimuthu Pradeep Kumar, Auteur ; Punitha Velmurugan, Auteur ; Kalarical Janardhanan Sreeram, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p. 231-238 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Alginate de sodium L'alginate de sodium ou polymannuronate sodique, de formule NaC6H7O6 est un additif alimentaire (E401) utilisé dans les boissons, constitué d’alginate et de sodium. Il se présente sous forme de poudre blanche à blanc crème, inodore et sans saveur, très soluble dans l'eau. C'est une longue molécule extraite d'algues brunes, constituée d'unités de glucides reliées ensemble pour former une chaîne. Antioxydants Biomolécules actives Cuirs et peaux -- Conservation Cuirs et peaux de chèvres Déchets végétaux -- Recyclage Encapsulation Inhibiteurs (chimie) Polyéthylène glycol Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Bio resources are finding increasing applications in our day-to-day activities. Current research on the active ingredients of plant/fruit extracts has several applications. To widen their applications in various fields, suitable biocompatible carriers are needed which would increase the shelf life of the extracts. In this work, one such biocompatible carrier for encapsulation has been developed using PEG-Sodium alginate as a complex which will act as a model for any natural product extract viz., Citrus sinensis peel. The extract has been studied for its radical and nitrite scavenging activity, inhibition of ?-carotene bleaching and lipid peroxidation assay, before and after encapsulation in order to quantify the antioxidant activity in presence of the carrier. From the experimental results, better encapsulation of the antioxidant have been observed with increasing molecular weight of PEG, up to 8000 Da which led to an increased shelf life and sustained release. Antioxidant-PEG-8000-SA, 20:2:1 (APS-8000) mixture has been optimized and used for preservation of goatskin. The dehydration, rehydration and hydroxyproline assays reveal that, APS-8000 would be better alternative for the conventional sodium chloride preservation. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Materials - Preparation of lyophilized powder - Reduced viscosity measurement studies - Color measurement - 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity - Inhibition of -carotene bleaching En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/17Ft9J0k06X8bV8EAfVid0SdylYX58n7J/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=21708 [article]

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