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Impact of the mechanical properties of nappa clothing leather on the characteristics of its use / V. Urbanija in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 88, N° 5 (09-10/2004)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 88, N° 5 (09-10/2004) . - p. 181-190 Titre : Impact of the mechanical properties of nappa clothing leather on the characteristics of its use Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : V. Urbanija, Auteur ; J. Gersak, Auteur Année de publication : 2004 Article en page(s) : p. 181-190 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cisaillement (mécanique) Cuir nappa Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés mécaniques Cuirs et peaux de moutons Cuirs et peaux de porcs Drapage Elasticité Etudes comparatives Flexion (mécanique) Toucher Traction (mécanique) Vêtements en cuir Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Leather, when used as the primary component of clothing, requires specific care in design linked to the specific traits of individual hide types and their mechanical properties. This study attempts, with reference to the specific properties of leather, to explore the impact of nappa leather clothings’ mechanical properties on the characteristics of its use. This research work deals with a mechanical properties analysis of sheep- and pigskin nappa leather clothing. Particular emphasis is placed on handle, the tensile, elastic and shear properties, as well as bending characteristics and design abilities and/or drape of the leather. Special emphasis is placed on the comparative analysis of pigand sheepskin nappa leather clothing. The survey involved 31 skins of various nappa clothing sheepskin designed for outer garments which were divided into three groups by weight and by mass and four groups of nappa clothing pigskin. Three of the groups of nappa pigskin differed in the method of finishing, whereas the fourth group included washable nappa pigskin. All of the groups of nappa leather clothing analysed were tested for their interrelationships on the important parameters of mechanical properties typical of an individual hide group. In parallel with analysis of the mechanical properties of the nappa leather used, the effects of mass and bending rigidity on the nappa leathers’ drape were also explored. “Mass” here is used in the sense of mass/unit area and is expressed in gm-2. Based on an analysis of the results obtained for individual parameters of the nappa pigskin’s mechanical properties, it was established that there is no substantial deviation in the properties concerned from the values for nappa sheepskin. Note de contenu : - LEATHER CLOTHING : Mechanical properties - Leather clothing appearance - METHODOLOGY - RESULTS - DISCUSSION : Analysis of results relating to the mechanical properties of nappa leather - Analysis of results relating to the drapability parameters of nappa leather - Analysis of established borderline values for the major parameters of nappa leather mechanical properties - Table 1 : Characteristic parameters of basic mechanical properties using the KES-FB system - Table 2 : Results of tensile a nd shear propertym easurements, and co mp ressib ility of pig- and sheepskin nappa leather in longitudinal and transverse directions - Table 3 : Results of bending rigidity measurements, and drape parameters for the pig-and sheepskin nappa leathers analysed - Table 4 : Recommendations for limit values of major parameters for mechanical properties of pig- and sheepskin nappa leather En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OKOaFnE6IimTxXoIpaYTrlsmGsBrdnFF/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39622 [article]

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Auxiliary agents with non-swelling capacity used in pickling-tanning processes - Part 3 / Agusti Marsal in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 88, N° 5 (09-10/2004)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 88, N° 5 (09-10/2004) . - p. 191-196 Titre : Auxiliary agents with non-swelling capacity used in pickling-tanning processes - Part 3 Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Agusti Marsal, Auteur ; Ramón Palop, Auteur ; V. Frias, Auteur ; Joaquim Font, Auteur ; J. Cot, Auteur ; Albert M. Manich, Auteur Année de publication : 2004 Article en page(s) : p. 191-196 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Agents anti-gonflement Bains de trempe -- Analyse Cuirs et peaux -- Epaisseur Eaux usées -- Analyse Epaisseur -- Mesure Naphtalène sulfonique, Acide L'acide naphtalènesulfonique est un composé aromatique de formule brute C10H8O3S, constitué d'un noyau naphtyle substitué par un groupe sulfo. Comme tous les dérivés monosubstitués du naphtalène, il existe sous la forme de deux isomères, selon que le substituant soit en position 1 ("α", ou péri) ou 2 ("β" ou amphi). Synthèse : Au plan commercial, l'acide naphtalènesulfonique est produit par sulfonation du naphtalène, effectuée par la méthode classique à base d'acide sulfurique. Les réacteurs modernes sont revêtus de verre ; les équipements plus anciens étaient en fonte ou recouverts d'émail. En général, la sulfonation du naphtalène conduit à un mélange de produits. La sulfonation du naphtalène à moins de ~100 °C est sous contrôle cinématique et produit principalement de l'acide 1-naphtalènesulfonique. La sulfonation du naphtalène à plus de ~150 °C permet un contrôle thermodynamique de la réaction et l'acide 2-naphtalènesulfonique est alors le produit principal. Dérivés : On appelle "acides naphtalènesulfoniques" les dérivés substitués de l'acide naphtalènesulfonique. Ce sont d'importants précurseur et intermédiaires chimiques, notamment dans la production de colorants, d'agents mouillants, de dispersants, de naphtols et d'entraîneurs d'air pour béton et ciment1. La production de nombreux intermédiaires pour former des colorants azoïques ou de triphénylméthane implique la sulfonation du naphtalène suivie d'une autre opération, par exemple la nitration, la réduction ou l'amination. Picklage Le picklage consiste à faire absorber à la peau en tripe une quantité importante d'acide, en présence de sel neutre (NaCl) pour réprimer le gonflement que provoquerait l'acidité du milieu. Tannage au chrome Température de retrait Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : In the last ten years, the use of various types of aromatic sulphonic acids in the pickling process to prevent swelling has been suggested by many authors. In previous papers, we studied the capacity of four commercial products to prevent acid swelling of hides during pickling: polyacrylic acid, naphthol 3-6-disulphonic acid, p-hydroxydiphenyl sulphonic acid and a blend of naphthalene and naphthol sulphonic acids. It was found that the best results were obtained using the blend of naphthalene and naphthol sulphonic acids. This process yielded leathers that could be acceptable as far as physical properties and handle are concerned. However ; this process, which also reduced the chloride content and conductivity of the residual bath when compared with a standard pickling process, presented some disadvantages such as an irregular stratigraphic distribution of chromium and a marked difference of colour between the dyed grain and flesh layers after shaving, when using a conventional chromium tanning salt. This was due to the thickness of the hides (3.0 mm) which caused problems of penetration of the chemicals. In order to solve these disadvantages, the joint use of a mixture of a blend of naphthalene and naphthol sulphonic acids with a chromium salt of low basicity and high masking capacity was recommended. Note de contenu : - INTRODUCTION : Aim of the work - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE : Starting material - Non-swelling Products - Sodium chloride offer - RESULTS : Thickness after pickling - Thickness and shrinkage temperature after tannage - Analyses of the residual baths of pickling and tanning processes - Table 1 : Treatments with the studied products - Table 2 : Thickness variation (%) after pickling as a function of both salinity and type and offer of the auxiliary agents - Table 3 : Thickness variation (%) after tanning as a function of both salinity and type and offer of the auxiliary agents - Table 4 : Shrinkage temperature (°C) as a function of both salinity and type and offer of the auxiliary agents - Table 5 : Conductivity of the pickling bath (μS/cm) as a function of both salinity and type and offer of the auxiliary agents - Table 6 : Conductivity of the tanning bath (μS/cm) as a function of both salinity and type and offer of the auxiliary agents - Table 7 : Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of the pickling bath as a function of both salinity and type and offer of the auxiliary agents En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-1SfLAzYNbmtFc5VZ6JlvEw9olv6rDCd/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39623 [article]

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Amino acid analysis by low pressure ion chromatography with conductivity detection / Hong Dai in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 88, N° 5 (09-10/2004)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 88, N° 5 (09-10/2004) . - p. 197-201 Titre : Amino acid analysis by low pressure ion chromatography with conductivity detection Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Hong Dai, Auteur ; Zhang Xinshen, Auteur ; Zhaoli Wang, Auteur ; Bing Li, Auteur Année de publication : 2004 Article en page(s) : p. 197-201 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Acides aminés Les acides aminés (ou aminoacides) sont une classe de composés chimiques possédant deux groupes fonctionnels : à la fois un groupe carboxyle –COOH et un groupe amine –NH2. Parmi ceux-ci, les acides α-aminés se définissent par le fait que leur groupe amine est lié à l'atome de carbone adjacent au groupe acide carboxylique (le carbone α), ce qui leur confère la structure générique H2N–CHR–COOH, où R représente la chaîne latérale, qui identifie l'acide α-aminé. Les acides α-aminés jouent un rôle fondamental en biochimie comme constituants élémentaires des protéines : ils polymérisent en formant des liaisons peptidiques qui aboutissent à de longues chaînes macromoléculaires appelées peptides. Chimie analytique Chromatographie Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Automated amino acid analysis by low pressure ion chromatography separation and conductivity detection has been investigated. The method is characterized by separating amino acids under the low pressure of 1.97 - 2.94 x 10-5 Pa (30 - 40 psi) and detecting them by sensitive conductivity without pre-column or post-column derivatisation. The chromatography parameters were investigated, i.e. the capacity of the resin, the size of the resin, the length of separation column, elution solution and flow rate. The results show that 10 amino acids, Asp, Hyp, Ser, Glu, Pro, Gly, Ala, Val, Met and Leu have been separated and detected successfully using a 5mm x 100mm long column filled with 25μm - 30μm size and 0.02mmol/g capacity cationic exchange resin. The elution solution is 0.8mmol/L nitric acid solution and the flow rate 0.6ml/min. The method is linear in the concentration range of 10-3 - 10-4 mol/L and 10-4 - 10-5 mol/L. The variation coefficient is 1%-5% and the detection limit which can be achieved is 1.0 x 10-5 mol/L. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE : Apparatus - Reagents - Preparation of amino acid solution - Mobile phase - RESULTS : Choice of separation column - Choice of the elution system - Study on the retention time of various kinds of amino acids - Separation experiment - Determination of accuracy - Linear range measurement and linear regression calculation - Determination of detection limits - Table 1 : Optimum chromatography parameters of amino acid analysis - Table 2 : Retention times of amino acids - Table 3 : Result of the accuracy experiment of amino acids analysis by LPIEC and conductivity detection - Table 4 : Result of linearity experiment of 10-3 - 10-4mol/L amino acids - Table 5 : Result of linearity experiment of 10-4 - 10-5 mol/L amino acids - Table 6 : Detection limits En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YlHj4KHHmjgADuh5nAo71UU0NUWzG8ul/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39624 [article]

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The three pot solution for chromium, tannins and solid waste : Recovery and reuse technique for spent semi-chrome liquor and chrome shavings / Subramanian Saravanabhavan in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 88, N° 5 (09-10/2004)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 88, N° 5 (09-10/2004) . - p. 202-207 Titre : The three pot solution for chromium, tannins and solid waste : Recovery and reuse technique for spent semi-chrome liquor and chrome shavings Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Subramanian Saravanabhavan, Auteur ; Kalarical Janardhanan Sreeram, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur Année de publication : 2004 Article en page(s) : p. 202-207 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Absorbants et adsorbants Absorption Chrome -- Recyclage Colorimétrie Déchets -- Elimination Eaux usées -- Décontamination Eaux usées -- Epuration Liqueurs de tannage Récupération (Déchets, etc.) Solides Tanins Tannage au chrome Température de retrait Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The potential toxicity and environmental impact of chromium and tannins discharged from a tannery has become a key issue, in particular the wastewater generated from the semi-chrome process presents a problem of separating chromium from vegetable tannins by conventional precipitation. This work reports the removal of tannins and recovery of chromium from a spent semi-chrome wastewater using chrome shavings as the adsorbent. Batch mode treatment studies have been carried out to standardize the duration, quantity of chrome shaving and pH. A tannin removal efficiency of 96% has been observed. The tannin-free chromium bearing liquor after the adsorption process was subjected to conventional chromium recovery and re-use and was then used for tanning as a 40% replacement of commercial basic chromium sulphate. The tannin containing chrome shavings were used as a reductant for the preparation of basic chromium sulphate and this was also used for tanning trials. Tanning studies reveal that the quality of the wet blue leathers is on a par with leathers tanned with commercial BCS. Shrinkage temperatures and performance of the leathers, in comparison to a conventional leather, are comparable. Exhaustion of chromium was similar. The procedure described offers a viable solution for the removal of tannins and recovery/reuse of chromium from semi-chrome wastewater, as well as for the disposal of solid wastes such as chrome shavings. Note de contenu : - Introduction : Bulk studies - Experimental methods : Treatment studies - Recovery and reuse studies - Tanning studies : Recovery and reuse - Comparison of the control and experimental (E1 and E2) leathers - Table 1 : Characteristics of spent semi-chrome liquor and chrome shavings - Table 2 : Efficiency of tannin removal at various chrome shaving offers - Table 3 : pH Vs of tannin removal - Table 4 : Subjective assessment data for control (C) and experimental (E1 and E2) leathers - Table 5 : Strength characteristics of control (C) and experimental (E1 and E2) leathers - Table 6 : Shrinkage temperature (Ts) and chromium content of leather and uptake of chromium during control (C) and experimental (E1 and E2) tanning - Table 7 : Colour measurement data for the control (C) and experimental (E1 and E2) leathers En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1y9d25ULtq10cvxZWkfZOsCI8wjcmydJR/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39625 [article]

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